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Intervenant à quelques années d'intervalle, les guerres civiles du Congo (1960-1965) et du Biafra (1967-1970) structurent durablement les rapports qu'entretiennent les sociétés et les États occidentaux avec l'Afrique subsaharienne indépendante. À partir d'une perspective comparatiste, cet article analyse la façon dont la communauté internationale, les acteurs non gouvernementaux et les opinions publiques occidentales réagissent à ces conflits et aux problèmes humanitaires qu'ils soulèvent. Il souligne ainsi les évolutions qui s'opèrent dans les réponses apportées à ces situations et dans la manière dont elles sont représentées. Ce faisant, l'article restitue la place occupée progressivement par l'humanitaire dans les relations internationales postcoloniales, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne le continent africain.

Biometrics is a technology that is increasingly being adopted by armed forces. It is the automated recognition of individuals based on their biological or behavioral characteristics. Important questions in relation to the use of this technology by armed forces concern the legal framework that governs such use. This article discusses the relationship between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and biometrics, by focusing on a number of different activities carried out during armed conflict in which biometrics can play a role. It concludes that although IHL contains no rules that expressly regulate the use of biometrics, a number of IHL rules are relevant to such use. Some IHL rules may require the use of biometrics under certain circumstances, while others may limit such use. The application of IHL to biometrics raises a number of questions of interpretation, and thus lack of clarity. It is submitted that a discussion among States is required before determining whether new rules are required to address that lack of clarity, or whether clarification of the law will suffice. A first step could be the drafting of a document with non-binding "best practices."

Over the last few decades, coastalscapes have been seriously threatened by the rising effects of climate change such as sea level rise, coastal degradation and extreme flooding. To cope with these threats, since 1992, international development organisations have promoted Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and its implementation in particular in coastal regions of the "Global South". Inspired by a political ecology of development approach, this paper analyses coastalscape metabolism and community level socio-environmental transformations in relation to ICZM implementation politics in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. ICZM was designed to integrate management of coastal regions and to promote socio-economic and environmental sustainability. By adopting the concept of metabolism to coastalscapes, and reflecting on their interactions, data were collected through qualitative field-research at the community level in the Mekong Delta. Research shows that ICZM and its development initiatives implementation slightly shaped coastalscape governance and communities relations, merely influencing policy-making and state bureaucratic structure and legitimation. Rather, the Mekong Delta coastalscape was reconfigured by complex metabolic socio-environmental transformations which embed global political-economic processes, shifting water flows and climate change dynamics.

Shipping list no.: 2010-0320-P. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"In this book, the history and underlying political dynamics characterizing the growth of FIFA and its relationships with global-regional federations and international associations are detailed in a helpful and concise introduction"--

This study examines the social factors and bilingual education for the children of international couples in South Korea. Previous studies identified two negative factors for bilingual education based on destination and immigrant characteristics: resistance from local spouses and the immigrants' need for assimilation. We further develop the concept of global language status, which may moderate these effects. Using the 2015 Korean Multicultural Family Survey, we conduct regression analyses to test the two factors based on the origin country of immigrant wives. The findings show that the global language status is a meaningful factor that impacts the direction of the local resistance and assimilation effects. Korean husbands' decision-making power on children's education is significantly associated with a decrease in bilingual education. Korean language proficiency and citizenship as markers of assimilation also affect bilingual education, but they show a decrease for Chinese wives but an increase for Southeast Asian wives.

AbstractThe European Union (EU) played an instrumental role in re‐starting the international development policies in central and eastern European Member States, but questions remain about how far this policy area has been Europeanized since accession. Focusing on the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, this article investigates why the new donors have been reluctant to adopt the EU's development acquis more fully. The article traces the socialization processes offered by the EU's development policy rule‐making and subsequent national rule implementation. The conclusions reveal three reasons why socialization has been weak: perceptions among the new Member States on the procedural legitimacy of the development acquis; low domestic resonance with the development acquis; and inconsistencies in the activities of norm entrepreneurs. The article contributes to our understanding of development policy in the EU – particularly how decision‐making takes place within the Council and its working groups post‐enlargement.

The EU is a pre-eminent player in sustainable development, adopting more than 200 pieces of legislation that have direct repercussions for marine environmental policy and management. Over five decades, measures have aimed to protect the marine environment by tackling the impact of human activities, but maritime affairs have been dealt with by separate sectoral policies without fully integrating all relevant sectors. Such compartmentalisation has resulted in a patchwork of EU legislation and resultant national legislation leading to a piecemeal approach to marine protection. These are superimposed on international obligations emanating from UN and other bodies and are presented here as complex 'horrendograms' showing the complexity across vertical governance. These horrendograms have surprised marine experts despite them acknowledging the many uses and users of the marine environment. Encouragingly since 2000, the evolution in EU policy has progressed to more holistic directives and here we give an overview of this change.