Suchergebnisse

Trois événements concernant l'arme nucléaire ont marqué ces derniers mois. Le premier concerne le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires (TNP) conclu en 1968, entré en vigueur le 5 mars 1970 et ratifié alors par un grand nombre de pays qui, « considérant la dévastation qui serait infligée à l'humanité tout entière par une guerre nucléaire », s'accordaient pour « empêcher que l'énergie nucléaire ne soit détournée de ses utilisations pacifiques vers des armes nucléaires », éviter que l'arme nucléaire ne se répande dans le monde, et favoriser la réalisation de « l'objectif du désarmement nucléaire » et du maintien de la paix. Mais après l'invasion de l'Ukraine et son entrée dans un conflit durable, et après avoir plusieurs fois menacé l'Alliance atlantique de recourir à l'arme atomique, la Russie a décidé de sortir du TNP… Le deuxième événement est la sortie du film Oppenheimer de Christopher Nolan, en juillet 2023, qui, en France, a connu un immense succès comme en témoigne le nombre d'entrées (qui avait dépassé les quatre millions en novembre selon Box Office France). Le troisième est la sortie d'une édition poche, mise à jour et augmentée, du livre de Jean-Pierre Dupuy, La Guerre qui ne peut pas avoir lieu. Essai de métaphysique nucléaire (Paris : Seuil, octobre 2022), qui estime que « nous sommes plus près d'une guerre nucléaire que nous ne l'avons jamais été ». Son auteur nous livre ici son point de vue sur le film de Christopher Nolan, relativisant la façon dont y est présenté le physicien Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), directeur du projet Manhattan qui aboutit à la mise au point de la bombe atomique. H.J.

Esta pesquisa é guiada pela seguinte pergunta: é possível identificar padrões nas características dos projetos de CIDagrícola brasileira entre 2003 e 2022? Com um novo governo Lula em 2023, novas expectativas se acendem acercade uma retomada do protagonismo da Cooperação Sul-Sul na política externa. Nesse sentido, um dos principais desafios da cooperação brasileira é o fortalecimento de sua capacidade institucional, junto com o apelo de uma políticaexterna mais democrática. É neste debate que se insere a presente pesquisa, a fim de avançar nas discussões sobre osistema de cooperação do país, no contexto da necessidade de maior efetividade e transparência do processo decisório. A Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) é relevante nessa discussão por dois principaismotivos: 1) Sobretudo na cooperação técnica (CT), as ações de CID necessitam de diversos outros atores para suaimplementação, abrindo portas para ideias e interesses diferentes daqueles centralizados no Ministério das RelaçõesExteriores (MRE); 2) São utilizados recursos brasileiros para ajudar outros países, trazendo questionamentos sobrea real importância da CID e como esses recursos são empregados. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo da presente pesquisa é apresentar um mapeamento dos projetos de cooperação agrícola brasileiros com os países de América Latinae África, entre 2003 e 2022. Para tanto, são utilizados dados dos relatórios COBRADI e outros solicitados à AgênciaBrasileira de Cooperação (ABC), via Lei de Acesso à Informação. Ao final, foi possível identificar padrões, referentesaos gastos, número de iniciativas, cancelamentos, regiões e países com destaque; tipos e setores mais relevantes deprojetos e instituições mais participativas, tanto na série temporal como um todo quanto por governo.

Nos últimos anos, o Acre tem despontado entre os estados no topo do ranking nacional como um dos estados que mais mata mulheres por razões de gênero. No período que compreende os anos de 2018 a 2022, sessenta mortes violentas de mulheres foram como feminicídios em inquéritos e processos que tramitam no território acreano. Diante dessa realidade, este trabalho é resultado preliminar de uma pesquisa documental realizada, em 2022 e 2023, com processos de feminicídio no Acre. A partir de dois casos analisados, busca-se evidenciar em quais contextos as mortes violentas de mulheres são enquadradas por agentes de Estado enquanto feminicídios, investigando o (não) uso da hipótese legal de "menosprezo e discriminação" (art. 121, § 2o-A, II do Código Penal) para (des)caracterizar o crime. De modo específico, almeja-se também analisar as relações de poder que operam de forma interseccional para garantir ou impedir a inteligibilidade de feminicídio nos processos. Para tanto, tem-se como fonte de pesquisa os laudos periciais e processos criminais, disponibilizados no Sistema de Automação Judicial do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Acre (SAJ/TJ), e os dados gerais sobre feminicídio produzidos pelo Centro de Atendimento à Vítima (CAV) — órgão vinculado ao Ministério Público do Acre. Adotando-se a literatura sociológica e jurídica sobre feminicídio e os estudos sobre interseccionalidades, percebe-se que relações de gênero, raça, classe e território perfazem os processos e que as mortes de mulheres fora do contexto de violência doméstica e familiar são ininteligíveis perante as instâncias do Sistema de Justiça Criminal Acreano.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей змін, які відбулися протягом останніх десятиліть та були спровоковані процесом глобалізації, руйнуванням довіри щодо домінування демократичної доцільності в розвитку державних інститутів влади, послабленням ролі глобальних організацій вирішувати кризи і конфлікти між акторами міжнародних відносин тощо. Зокрема, анексія Криму та війна в Україні 2022– 2023 років як прецедент переформатування кордонів у регіоні одним із засновників ООН – Росією. Відповідно, відбулося послаблення легітимності універсальних принципів і правил співжиття націй світу. Це викликало усвідомлення занепаду світового порядку, сформованого після Другої світової війни, що закріплювалось діяльністю ООН та її спеціальних установ. Головним предметом дослідження є пошук контурів майбутнього світового порядку, що змушує Україну корегувати свою зовнішню політику, не лише закріплюючи західний геополітичний вектор, а й враховуючи настрої та очікування громадян щодо майбутніх перспектив. Для цього був використаний системний метод у дослідженні сучасного світового порядку, який окреслив зазначені недоліки впорядкованості світу через втрату легітимності правил співжиття і зміну балансу сил між головними міжнародними гравцями; статистичний – для окреслення динаміки зміни настроїв громадян щодо зовнішньої політики України. Результатами здійсненого дослідження є виокремлення обрисів майбутнього світового порядку, а саме: боротьба цивілізацій Західного світу на чолі зі США і Глобального Півдня під проводом Китаю; втрата Росією статусу геополітичного гравця у Євразії та світі; вироблення нових легітимних принципів і правил взаємодії націй з урахуванням попередньо узгоджених регіональних устроїв; вироблення нового балансу інтересів та сил для подолання конфронтацій і фокусуванні на конкуренції. Водночас Україна враховує чинні тренди та здійснює зовнішню політику у період війни в таких напрямках: двосторонньої співпраці зі стратегічними партнерами, ситуативними партнерами, країнами-опонентами; посилення участі в міжнародних організаціях регіонального рівня; переформатування стратегії євроатлантичної інтеграції та впровадження гарантій безпеки.

The article is devoted to the early elections held in Serbia on December 17, 2023 – parliamentary, metropolitan and partly local. The main motive for their early holding: the desire to confirm the legitimacy of power after mass protests of the opposition, also to demonstrate its political impotence, and simultaneously buy time on the foreign policy stage to reduce pressure from Washington and Brussels. The outcome of the election was another victory for President A. Vučič and ruling Serbian Progressive Party. She was not a mystery to observers or participants beforehand. You could only argue about the account. But in the capital, the opposition had good chances, and this was confirmed. The voting results were considered and an assessment was given of the opposition demonstrations after the elections, as well as the degree and nature of involvement in these events of Brussels and Washington. The reasons for the persistent invincibility of the ruling «progressives», the partial strengthening of the pro-Western «democratic» opposition and the unexpected success of the new populist movement «We are a voice from the people» have been revealed. The logic of political behavior and the relationship between foreign and political balancing of the President of Serbia were analyzed. It was concluded that A. Vučič mainly achieved his goals and retained such a structure of power that provides him with a central role in Serbian politics, as well as free hands in further orientation in the international arena. It will not be unambiguous and straightforward in any case. But his room for maneuver has narrowed, and the direction of drift will be determined by the balance of power in the confrontation between West and East.

AbstractEmissions trading schemes (ETS) have spread across the globe to tackle climate change. However, limited attention has been given to how ETS characteristics and designs differ and why. We use the concept of institutional complementarity to explore how the EU ETS and South Korea's ETS (K‐ETS) adapt to complement established political economy. The EU ETS is characterized as a market with stakeholder ownership, while the K‐ETS is more regulatory in nature with government leadership. The EU ETS complements a decentralized political system with liberalized energy market, and the K‐ETS became compatible with the centralized majoritarian politics and a regulated electricity market. The ETSs have evolved incrementally, and they are not likely to link in the foreseeable future due to divergence. We suggest a strong focus on "how to adapt" an ETS to its own institution rather than adopting the established blueprint model in countries with a strong regulatory style of governance.Related ArticlesCaliskan, Cantay. 2020. "The Influence of Elite Networks on Green Policy Making." Politics & Policy 48(6): 1104–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12382.Tanaka, Yugo, Andrew Chapman, Tetsuo Tezuka, and Shigeki Sakurai. 2020. "Multiple Streams and Power Sector Policy Change: Evidence from the Feed‐In Tariff Policy Process in Japan." Politics & Policy 48(3): 464–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12357.von Malmborg, Fredrik. 2023. "Combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Argumentative Discourse Analysis: The Case of the 'Energy Efficiency First' Principle in EU Energy and Climate Policy." Politics & Policy 51(2): 222–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12525.

This World Affairs 2023 special issue contains six contributions, including this one, exploring some of the key political consequences of traditional beliefs such as magic and superstition in the developing societies of the Global South as well as in certain industrially advanced societies of the Global North. To show why traditional beliefs matter, we provide an explanation in this introduction for why traditional beliefs exist in developing countries, why they survive in developed countries, and why they may become more popular over time. By utilizing a simple game theoretic approach, we explain why rational people can sometimes increase their payoffs by subscribing to a superstition while superstitious people never gain by switching to rationality. In fact, the superstition—which has no causal connection with the natural course of events—may even yield better results, not only for the individual but also for the group. This is the reason why, in the framework of evolutionary stable equilibrium, superstitious people can demographically dominate an entire population over time. In addition to explaining the existence and the persistence (or the popularity) of traditional beliefs, we highlight the key findings presented in the articles included in this special issue. All of them underline a cardinal point: traditional beliefs matter. They shape electoral behavior, they shape attitudes toward democratic governance, and they influence voters' assessment of political figures and historical events. Precisely because traditional beliefs have such extensive implications for a country's political life, we believe that in the future scholars will have to pay greater attention to such beliefs to have a better understanding of political phenomena and trends.

Abstract
Modern information and communication technology (ICT), as a complex system of tools and systems, affects the individual and society as a whole. Its presence and application are not limited to the professional environment but are woven into all aspects of an individual's everyday reality. The key research question of this study focuses on analyzing the impact of ICT on employees' work and personal life and on their overall levels of satisfaction. Both positive and negative experiences of ICT use, expectations that come with its use, the degree of dependence on ICT, and its role in interpersonal relationships are examined.The results of the study were obtained using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed between June 10th and 20th, 2023, to a random sample of employees who actively use ICT in their professional environment. It is found that the majority of employees have a positive attitude toward ICT because of its contribution to optimizing communication, supporting global processes, and enabling the acquisition and exchange of information in the context of professional and personal life. Negative effects have also been identified, such as increased pressure on work performance, reduced personal interaction, limited time for family life, blurring of boundaries between work and personal life, dependence on ICT, and disruption of work processes.The research contributes to an in-depth understanding of the impacts of ICT on the professional and private lives of employees. Awareness of the positive and negative aspects of ICT use is key to developing guidelines that promote the balanced use of technology and the creation of a supportive environment to improve productivity and the quality of interpersonal relationships.

The role of digital transformation (DT) in economic development is a vital and recurring point of research. It is particularly relevant if we consider the high percentage of digital transformation initiatives that fail to deliver the expected results, particularly in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This paper analyzes what is needed to make this transformation successful from an implementation perspective and, simultaneously, from the standpoint of obtaining the company's expected results. This phenomenon is even more critical to decipher and understand when we look at the small and medium enterprises that face more significant challenges due to the scarcity of resources and needed skills. This work reviews a large variety of models through an extensive systematic literature review (SLR) that assess the readiness and maturity of the digital transformation of enterprises, with a focus on SMEs, with its primary objectives being (1) to review the existing studies and models that assess an organization's maturity and readiness in the context of digital transformation, focusing on SMEs; (2) to identify if there are gaps considering the importance of the SMEs; and (3) to propose a standardized set of dimensions that should always be considered in a digital transformation assessment. The outcome of this research provides an essential contribution by identifying apparent gaps in the assessment of digital transformation in SMEs and proposing a scalable and standardized set of categories and subcategories that can be used across any future assessment model. These contributions are even more relevant when referencing minimal deep research in the context of SMEs and Digital Transformation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-025 Full Text: PDF

Considerando la limitada información disponible sobre quienes acceden a los beneficios de la Beca Permanencia del Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo (PRONABEC) como problemática social, el estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de acceso y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes beneficiarios de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (Puno – Perú) durante el año 2023 con respecto a los servicios de la mencionada beca. El método de investigación parte de un enfoque cuantitativo, basado en la investigación científica de carácter hipotético-deductivo, que formula hipótesis para ser contrastadas en la realidad. El tipo de investigación, en cuanto a la profundidad, es descriptivo y utiliza la técnica de la encuesta, así como el análisis documental y de contenido. La muestra utilizada fue no probabilística por conveniencia, compuesta por 210 estudiantes beneficiarios de diversas escuelas profesionales, distribuidos según áreas de conocimiento (Ingeniería, Sociales, Biomédicas y Económicas-Empresariales). Los resultados en relación con el acceso y la satisfacción de los estudiantes beneficiarios con los servicios de PRONABEC se diferencian según el lugar de residencia, la procedencia y el género de los estudiantes. En conclusión, como parte de una visión global, la mayoría de los beneficiarios están satisfechos con los servicios ofrecidos por la Beca Permanencia en la UNA-Puno. Sin embargo, para mejorar la efectividad del programa, sería valioso profundizar en las áreas de menor satisfacción. Esta información puede guiar ajustes para adaptar y mejorar futuras intervenciones del programa, asegurando que siga siendo beneficioso y satisfactorio para todos los estudiantes.

AbstractFormaldehyde is a toxic and carcinogenic compound, still used in several occupational settings due to its properties. Thus, in these working scenarios, it is necessary to provide effective measures to reduce workers' exposure to formaldehyde. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a picture of the worldwide mitigation strategies implemented in occupational environments for minimizing the exposure to formaldehyde and which ones are the most effective for this purpose.The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA statement; the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022302207). The search was performed on three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Studies were considered eligible if they describe strategies for mitigating formaldehyde occupational exposure and their efficacy. We included articles reporting observational studies, semi-experimental, and experimental studies and published in the English language, from the inception to March 26th, 2023. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.In total, 28 articles were included in the review. The employment scenarios/activities studied were human and veterinary anatomy, autopsy, histopathology or pathology laboratories, embalming procedures, hospital, operating theaters, aquaculture, textile or foundry industries, industry using 3-D printers, offices, and firefighters' activities. Different methods have proven useful in mitigating formaldehyde exposure, such as the use of personal protective equipment, engineering control methods, organization methods, and technical strategies, with a reduction of airborne formaldehyde until to 99.6%. The highest reduction was obtained in an anatomy laboratory through locally exhausted dissection tables equipped with activated carbon filters.The specific suitable procedures should be standardized and applied in all work settings for an appropriate risk management, in order to protect the health of exposed workers.

Мета статті — проаналізувати діяльність бібліотек України з організації заходів культурно-мистецького спрямування під час повномасштабного вторгнення Російської Федерації на територію України, визначити основні чинники їх впливу на ціннісні орієнтації населення в Україні. Результати дослідження ґрунтуються на узагальненні інформації про культурно-мистецькі заходи українських бібліотек за півтора року повномасштабної російсько-української війни. Визначено, що бібліотеки є потужним засобом впливу на формування ціннісних орієнтацій українського суспільства. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у систематизації широкого фактичного матеріалу щодо організації культурно-мистецьких заходів бібліотек України в умовах воєнного стану, вперше введено в науковий обіг окремі інформаційні матеріали щодо діяльності бібліотек у 2022–2023 рр. Висновки. Здійснене дослідження дає змогу констатувати, що в умовах російської збройної агресії бібліотеки відіграють значну роль в інформуванні населення про історичні та культурні події. Наведені приклади культурно-мистецьких заходів бібліотек у різних регіонах України в умовах воєнного стану свідчать насамперед про їх патріотичне спрямування — ці заходи присвячені проблемам російсько-української війни, державним патріотичним святам: Дню Незалежності України, Дню пам'яті та примирення тощо. Вони мають значний вплив на переоцінку життєвих цінностей українського населення. Зміни, що відбуваються у системі ціннісних орієнтацій, стосуються суспільного життя, світосприйняття, норм моралі. Тематика та зміст бібліотечних виставок і заходів культурно-мистецького спрямування допомагає у духовному вихованні населення, зокрема, вважати патріотизм, національну гідність, державотворчі прагнення, історичну пам'ять, прагнення до єдності вище за власні національні цінності. Взаємодопомога, відчуття справедливості та взаємовиручка, відчуття спільного лиха і спільної перемоги, згуртованість дедалі більше розвиваються в українському суспільстві під час війни, розв'язаної країною-агресором. Бібліотеки і надалі мають продовжувати проводити заходи, що об'єднують громадян України в складних сучасних умовах.

This article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the destructive impact on modern Russian youth by foreign states, Russian and international organizations, various groups, with the aim of changing the worldview, value orientations, beliefs, behavioral stereotypes of young people, creating and spreading anti-Russian ideology, forming a negative attitude towards state institutions and traditional values of Russia, as well as undermining socio-economic and political stability in the Russian Federation. Analyzing the examples and features of this kind of influence of these subjects on modern Russian youth, the authors of the article place special emphasis on studying the specifics of this kind of impact on the youth of new subjects of the Russian Federation. To illustrate and substantiate their statements, the authors cite the results of an expert survey "External destructive impact on youth of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation", conducted in March–April 2023 on the territory of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation among employees of relevant ministries and departments, activists of social movements, specialists in the field of state youth policy in new constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic).Recognizing the fact of this kind of impact on young people of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation, analyzing the goals of which the subjects of destructive influence, the forms and mechanisms used by them seek, the authors systematize the proposals of experts on countering this impact and improving the mechanisms and forms of implementation of state youth policy in these regions.

ABSTRACTThis Comment is both a response to critique and a wider contribution to renewed debate on the politics of development and development studies amidst multiple, intersecting challenges. In an article published in World Development in 2021, Leach et al. proposed that COVID‐19 and earlier epidemics provided fundamental lessons for post‐pandemic transformations and for rethinking development more broadly. In an article published in this journal in 2023, Wiegratz et al. critiqued Leach et al., arguing that their universalist framing effaces structural inequalities between the global North and the global South, and that the analysis underplays the importance of historically embedded political‐economic inequalities. This Comment shows how elements of the article by Wiegratz and colleagues point to ways to extend and elaborate Leach et al.'s overall argument — not to refute it — but that it is also based on a highly selective reading of the latter's work and its implications. Focusing first on the core question of universality, and then more briefly on the themes of inequalities and of uncertainty, it resurfaces parts of the authors' work that Wiegratz et al. selectively ignore, and reflects on further recent evidence of pandemic impacts and inequalities amidst structural violence and contemporary capitalist dynamics. These are relevant across all geographies and polities, although in different ways, as shaped by particular contexts and histories that include, but also cross‐cut and complicate, dichotomies between the so‐called global North and global South. This Comment thus clarifies and extends the argument for a recasting of development around a radically transformative, egalitarian and inclusive knowledge and politics, relevant to all settings across the world.

The third-largest land plant family, Fabaceae (Papilionaceae), includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants containing both numerous beneficial constituents (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibre) and antinutrients (e.g., saponins, tannins, phytic acid, gossypol, lectins). The consumption of leguminous plants allows sports people to complete their requirements for nourishment but, on the other hand, it contributes to digestive system ailments. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to review the experimental articles and patents referring to the application of common (kidney) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-based nutritional products for athletes. The survey of the literature was carried out according to PRISMA statements by browsing Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases, as well as Google Scholar, Google Patents and Espacenet Patent Search engines using factorial combinations of the following keywords: ('common bean' or 'kidney bean' or 'Phaseolus vulgaris') and ('athlete' or 'sport') and ('food' or 'nutrition' or 'diet'). Altogether, 84 patents issued in the years 1995–2023 were noted. The majority of patents were developed by research teams consisting of at least four authors representing scientists affiliated in the United States of America and China. The patents refer to the production of food ingredients, nutritional products, and compositions: (i) for relieving fatigue, enhancing endurance, and increasing muscle mass and strength, (ii) for maintaining physical and mental health, and (iii) for controlling body weight. Moreover, the analysis of 19 original articles indicated the substantial acceptability of meals containing the common bean. To summarize, the performed investigations demonstrate the considerable use of Phaseolus vulgaris in sport nutrition and the growing acceptance of this trend.