Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Background and Overview -- Introduction -- A Simple Two-Period Model with Uncertain Default Penalty -- Overview of the Book -- Applicability of the Analysis -- Notes -- Chapter 2 The Institutional Structure of International Debt Renegotiations -- Background to Debt Renegotiations -- The Players -- The Process -- The Role of the IMF and the World Bank -- The Paris Club-Negotiations with Official Creditors -- The London Club-Negotiations with Unofficial Creditors -- The Renegotiated Agreement -- Summary -- Appendix 2A: Background to the IMF and the World Bank -- Appendix 2B: Support Facilities of the IMF and the World Bank -- Notes -- Chapter 3 An Optimal Institutional Structure for Debt Renegotiations -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- The Model -- Results -- Interpreting the Results -- Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 4 A Sequential Bargaining Model of Debt Renegotiation -- Introduction -- Modelling Debt Renegotiation as a Sequential Bargaining Process -- The Model -- Evaluating the Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 5 The Role of Prediction Models -- Introduction and Overview -- Explaining the Data: A Conditional Information System -- Some Variables Employed in the Empirical Literature -- Setting Up a Prediction Model -- The Model -- Results -- Summary -- Appendix 5A: Obtaining Equation (5.1), the Expression for ΔR -- Appendix 5B: Deriving the Upper Bound on ΨR -- Appendix 5C: Debt Problem Years 1971-88, Selected Countries -- Notes -- Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Summary of the Book -- Issues Arising from the Book -- Notes -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

The responsive global organization can adapt business operations across multinational markets in response to unpredictable changes in the turbulent global marketplace. This book deals with different aspects of the effective multinational corporation (MNC) pointing to new ways in which the MNC can enhance responsiveness faced with increasing market turbulence. Drawing on contemporary research in strategy and international business, the book considers relevant aspects including subsidiary autonomy, individual and team engagement, local knowledge, knowledge-based innovation, dynamic integrative processes, cross-cultural management, crisis handling, and the impact of abrupt events. The diversity of multinational business provides many opportunities, but also distinct challenges that must be managed effectively. Here an interactive dynamic between headquarters and local business units is driving responsiveness and adaptive behaviors. Corporate headquarters must structure a multinational organization so adaptive initiatives exploit local market insights where opportunities evolve from autonomous responses around the world. This can entail crisis responses involving both local and corporate efforts as a robust way to handle unexpected incidents. Such interactive approaches constitute a combination of central integration and decentralized local responses as the basis for a dynamic adaptive system. To make this work in a multinational context, we must consider the intricate interplay between corporate values and local cultures, and understand how leadership philosophies influence how diverse employees act as team players and global corporate citizens. The book provides relevant insights on all these important issues.

"An NBER digest for this paper is available.This paper analyzes the effects of top earnings tax rates on the international migration of top football players in Europe. We construct a panel data set of top earnings tax rates, football player careers, and club performances in the first leagues of 14 European countries since 1980. We identify the effects of top earnings tax rates on migration using a number of tax and institutional changes: (a) the 1995 Bosman ruling which liberalized the European football market, (b) top tax rate reforms within countries, and (c) special tax schemes offering preferential tax rates to immigrant football players. We start by presenting reduced-form graphical evidence showing large and compelling migration responses to country-specific tax reforms and labor market regulation. We then set out a theoretical model of taxation and migration, which is structurally estimated using all sources of tax variation simultaneously. Our results show that (i) the overall location elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate is positive and large, (ii) location elasticities are extremely large at the top of the ability distribution but negative at the bottom due to ability sorting effects, and (iii) cross-tax effects of foreign players on domestic players (and vice versa) are negative and quite strong due to displacement effects. Finally, we estimate tax revenue maximizing rates and draw policy conclusions"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems and 8th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, SMARTGREENS 2022 and VEHITS 2022 was held Virtually on April 27-29, 2022. The 7 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: smart cities and green ICT systems and vehicle technology and intelligent transport systems

Paris Agreement with its 'bottom-up' approach is an attempt to address climate change problem. The Parties of the Paris Agreement decide their own policies in the national scope and present it as pledges in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). I explore the evidence to the shaping of the climate change policies in Indonesia, mainly regarding NDCs and the engagement of actors behind the shaping of that pledge. The main question is which actor or combination of actors in terms of domestic and international interests actually influenced and shaped Indonesia's NDCs? This article aims to give practical evidence regarding the influences of different positions among competing interests through negotiation. In terms of Indonesia's policymaking, this study is hoped to foster a viewpoint for the sake of acceptable practices to intensify policymaking preferences. In this literature review Liberal Intergovernmentalism propositions were used in examining the dynamics at the domestic level as well as transnational/regional negotiation and interdependence. I also used multiple sources from other studies and governmental documents in the analysis of this qualitative research. As a result, some evidence were found, showing the influence of domestic actors such as Local and Environmental NGOs, CSOs, public perceptions to certain extent, and insignificant influence of business groups. I also found that the transnational institutions and developed countries have impacts on Indonesia's CC policy framework, funding provision and the balance between mitigation and adaptation.

ABSTRACT: Education is an important factor in developing any nation around the world. Today's developed countries are much focused on education in varied fields. This has become possible through meaningful diversity in every field. Latest developments & innovations are the backbone to compete in today's competitive world. Best business education in Europe & North American countries have opened avenues of competition for other nations. These initiatives of being accredited by AACSB is a clear direction for successful business schools. UAE has been a preferred destination for more than two hundred nationalities who are working in different fields. Such diversity is the reason of varied developments in almost every domain. The educational projects, research based initiatives, business forums and meetings made it possible to get exponential growth in UAE and Dubai in particular. Dubai is one of the most demanded place to live and work in different companies & universities. Referring to this case research, education is the most focused area and set as top priority of government's projects for 2020. There are few AACSB accredited Business Schools in UAE and others are trying best to get it done through varied skills as possible through diversified opportunities in Dubai. Dubai is leading in education sector in the region where all nationalities are working and being educated in multiple fields. Dubai's diversity has made it much attractive to be educated in the multicultural city. KEYWORDS: diversity, business education, business schools, different cultures and international standards

This article discusses the emergence of the semi-clandestine efforts of a network of international Jewish philanthropies and the Israeli government to send material and financial aid to Jews in early-communist Hungary. Post Second World War Hungary was a special focus for Jewish aid organizations in the west and the Israeli government. They poured resources into Hungary, both to feed, cloth and provide medical care to hundreds of thousands of Jews, and to assist thousands of Jews migrating west through Hungary. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the dominant Jewish aid organization in the world at the time, ran its largest and most expensive program in Hungary. Working with Israeli and Hungarian authorities, it financed a network of welfare services, often through the importation of scarce consumer goods and raw materials. As the Communist Party reshaped the economy, and pushed out "undesirable elements" from Hungarian life, this aid program served a growing population of impoverished, sick, and religious Jews, some exiled in Hungary's countryside. This program increasingly took advantage of black market networks to distribute aid. Yet, after conditions deteriorated so much that this program ceased officially, Jewish aid providers in the US and Israel adapted their earlier practices and networks to take advantage of the impoverished consumer economy in program to distribute aid clandestinely to Hungarian Jews, with the cooperation of Hungary's communist authorities.

The Second International Congress of Historians of the United States and Mexico met at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas, November 3–6, 1958. The Congress was sponsored by the University of Texas, the American Historical Association and the Texas State Historical Association, representing U.S. scholars, and by the University of Mexico, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, and the Academy of Historical Sciences of Monterrey, representing Mexico. Included on the program were distinguished anthropologists and historians from Spain, France, Britain, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and the United States. In addition special representatives from almost every United States and Mexican university attended the sessions of the Congress. Among those present were José Locarra and Guillermo Cespedes of Spain, Philippe Wolff and François Chevalier of France, Geoffrey Barraclough of Britain, Claudio Sanchez-Albornoz of Argentina, José Honorio Rodrigues of Brazil, A.R.M. Lower of Canada, Sir Keith Hancock of Australia, Edmundo O'Gorman, Antonio Castro Leal, and Daniel Cosío Villegas of Mexico, and Frank H. H. Roberts, Charles J. Bishko, Ray Billington, William Hogan, John S. Galbraith, Robert S. Lopez, Boyd Shafer, and Arthur Whitaker of the United States. Associated with the Congress was a special exhibit of books from the university presses of the United States and Mexico and also an unusual exhibition of Mexican art gathered together from private collections and museums from all over the United States.

This article analyzes two of the determinants of the effectiveness of the mediation process, namely the impact of different mediators and mediation behavior on mediation outcomes in international relations. We review the literature and consider this relationship in terms of specific hypotheses concerning (1) the identity of a mediator, (2) previous interactions with the parties, (3) previous mediation attempts, and (4) the nature of mediation strategy. An original data set of 97 international disputes and 364 mediation attempts in the post‐1945 period is utilized to test our hypotheses. Multivariate analysis suggests the significance of high mediator rank, directive strategy, and close political alignment in achieving successful outcomes. We use these results to posit and test a series of causal models of mediation.