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The article is devoted to analysis of origins of the Euro-Atlantic course formation in Ukraine, stages of its realization, directed on our state enter EU and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The central line of the paper is to investigate the formation of the legislative national base of Euro-Atlantic integration of our state, including fixation of the Euro-Atlantic course in the Constitution of Ukraine for gaining membership in the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization by our country. The special attention is paid to the place and role of the Frame document "Partnership for peace" (1994), Charter of special partnership between Ukraine and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1997), Declaration about addition of the Charter on special partnership (2009). One of main stages of this process is a declaration in 2005 about the striving of Ukraine as a participant of "Partnership for peace" for gaining membership in NATO and creation of the Commission Ukraine-NATO. Activation of the dialogue between Ukraine and the Alliance and realization of reforms by our country gave heads of states and governments of NATO reasons in 2008 at the meeting of the Northern-Atlantic council of NATO to accept a decision that Ukraine will become a member of NATO in future. Braking factors of the process of Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine in 2009-2019 are indicated in the article. After 2014 Ukraine activated steps, directed on preparing to entering NATO by realization of annual National programs of cooperation NATO-Ukraine that provide realization of concrete arrangements of the legal, political, economic, protective, defending, military and resource character for attaining correspondence to criteria, norms, principles of NATO and EU in the socio-political sphere, especially prevention and counteraction to corruption, implementation of principles, realization of NATO programs for integration, transparency, accountability, introduction of honesty and decrease of corruption risks in the activity of defending institutions.One of important links of realizing the Euro-Atlantic integration course of Ukraine is the improvement of the legislative base, especially acceptance of a series of anti-corruption laws and creation of correspondent bodies. A special importance in strengthening the Euro-Atlantic course belongs to introduction of changes in the Constitution of Ukraine about irreversibility and stability of Ukraine's strivings as to entering EU and NATO in 2019.The paper analyzes problem questions of Ukraine's integration to EU and NATO and also formulates conclusions ; Статья посвящена анализу истоков и формирования евроатлантического курса Украины, этапов его реализации направленного на вступление нашего государства в ЕС и Организации Североатлантического договора. Центральной линией статьи является исследование формирования законодательной национальной базы евроатлантической интеграции нашего государства, включая закрепление евроатлантического курса в Конституцию Украины с целью получения нашим государством членства в Европейском Союзе и Организации Североатлантического договора. Особое внимание уделено месту и роли рамочный документ «Партнерство ради мира» (1994), Хартии об особом партнерстве между Украиной и Организацией Североатлантического договора (1997), Декларации о дополнении Хартии об особом партнерстве (2009). Одним из важных этапов этого процесса стало заявление о стремлении Украины, как участницы «Партнерство ради мира» в 2005г. членству в НАТО и создание Комиссии Украина-НАТО. Активизация диалога между Украиной а НАТО и проведения нашим государством реформ дало основания главам государств и правительств НАТО в 2008г. на заседании Североатлантического совета НАТО принять решение, что Украина в будущем станет членом НАТО. В статье указывается на тормозные факторы процесса евроатлантической интеграции Украины 2009-2019рр. После 2014 Украина активизировала шаги направлены на подготовку к вступлению в НАТО через реализацию ежегодных Национальных программ сотрудничества Украина-НАТО, предусматривающих осуществление конкретных мер правового, политического, экономического, безопасности, оборонного, военного и ресурсного характера и достижения соответствия критериям, нормам, принципам НАТО и ЕС в социально-политической сфере, особенно предотвращению и противодействию коррупции, имплементации принципов, выполнению программы НАТО по развитию целостности, прозрачности, подотчетных ости, введение добродетели и снижения коррупционных рисков в работе оборонных институтов.Одной из важнейших звеньев обеспечения евроатлантического интеграционного курса Украины является совершенствование законодательной базы, в частности принятие ряда антикоррупционных законов и создание соответствующих органов. Особое значение в укреплении евроатлантического курса приобрело внесении изменения в Конституцию Украины о неизменности и необратимости стремлений Украины вступить в ЕС и НАТО в 2019р.В статье анализируются проблемные вопросы интеграции Украины в ЕС и НАТО, а также сформулированы выводы. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу витоків та формування євроатлантичного курсу України, етапів його реалізації спрямованого на вступ нашої держави до ЄС та Організації Північноатлантичного договору. Центральною лінією статті є дослідження формування законодавчої національної бази євроатлантичної інтеграції нашої держави, включаючи закріплення євроатлантичного курсу в Конституції України з метою набуття нашою державою членства в Європейського Союзі та Організації Північноатлантичного договору. Особлива увага приділена місцю і ролі Рамковому документу «Партнерство заради миру» (1994), Хартії про особливе партнерство між Україною та Організацією Північно-атлантичного договору (1997), Декларації про доповнення Хартії про особливе партнерство (2009). Одним із важливих етапів цього процесу стала заява про прагнення України, як учасниці «Партнерство заради миру» в 2005р. набуття членства в НАТО та створення Комісії Україна-НАТО. Активізація діалогу між Україною а Альянсом та проведення нашою державою реформ дало підстави главам держав та урядів НАТО у 2008р. на засіданні Північноатлантичної ради НАТО прийняти рішення, що Україна в майбутньому стане членом НАТО. В статті вказується на гальмівні чинники процесу євроатлантичної інтеграції України 2009-2019рр. Після 2014 р. Україна активізувала кроки спрямовані на підготовку до вступу до НАТО через реалізацію щорічних Національних програм співробітництва Україна-НАТО, які передбачають здійснення конкретних заходів правового, політичного, економічного, безпекового, оборонного, військового і ресурсного характеру та досягнення відповідності критеріям, нормам, принципам НАТО та ЄС у соціально-політичній сфері, особливо запобіганню та протидії корупції, імплементації принципів, виконанню програми НАТО з розбудови цілісності, прозорості, підзвітності, запровадження доброчесності та зниження корупційних ризиків у роботі оборонних інституцій.Однією із найважливіших ланок забезпечення євроатлантичного інтеграційного курсу України є вдосконалення законодавчої бази, зокрема прийняття низки антикорупційних законів та створення відповідних органів. Особливого значення в зміцненні євроатлантичного курсу набуло внесення зміни до Конституції України про незмінність та незворотність прагнень України щодо вступу до ЄС та НАТО в 2019р.В статті аналізуються проблемні питання інтеграції України до ЄС та НАТО, а також сформульовані висновки

The continuous changes in journal impact measurement systems should generate many types of debates. The first one should take place among those in charge of evaluation policies for academic production, researchers, publications, research group activity, and institutions that support these structures and that undergo accreditation processes, and of course, of the rankings that end up playing an increasingly influential role in the academic marketing of institutions.Frequently, decision-makers have no expertise in measurement processes derived from scientometrics and bibliometrics, and discussions are consequently disconnected between editors and researchers, developers of scientometric indicators and policy makers in institutions and countries. On the other hand, indicator developers have economic interests because they are usually associated with information companies and lobby governments and organizations that set the evaluation criteria of academics and researchprojects.The various statements made by researchers and academics (San Francisco, Leiden, among others), as well as numerous articles by scientometrics researchers, have pointed out to the problems of impact factor indicators such as IFJ, SINP, SJR, CS and H, which among the best known. In all cases, these indicators are inadequate because they do not allow for an equitable measurement of real impact, the uses of knowledge and cannot account for the volume of articles to citation ratio. In fact, it is problematic to compare a journal that publishes 500 articles with one that publishes 10, and even more so to classify journals in quartiles – inequitable and wrong.These problems are made worse if one considers how systems measure journals supported by a 50-year-old community against others with only 10 years of existence and undergoing consolidation. Likewise, pretending that journals edited by still-consolidating journals are the same as regional journals creates an asymmetry.The unfortunate consequence of using indicators plagued with these issues in science and technology systems is the removal of incentives to scientific production. In fact, years of academic output that group invested resources end up disappearing for this reason. Clearly, the effects of decisions based on these indicators are not good for the consolidation of academic communities.The discussion will surely have to include these defective measurement systems, but also the consequences they have for the consolidation of national and regional academic communities. The interests of the parties involved will also need to be made explicit, and the discussion will have to offer inclusive spaces of participation, so that every actor involved can have a voice. The current dynamics of the regional academic community merits a thorough discussion of this issue and its solution. ; Los continuos cambios en los sistemas de medición de los impactos de las revistas deben generar diversos tipos de discusiones. La primera, debe darse entre los actores decisores de las políticas de evaluación de la producción académica de los investigadores, de las publicaciones, de la actividad de los grupos de investigación y, finalmente, de las instituciones que soportan estas estructuras que son sometidas a procesos de acreditación y a los rankings que terminan jugando un papel cada vez más influyente en el marketing académico de las instituciones.Es frecuente que los actores decisores no tengan experticia en los procesos de medición derivados de la cienciometría y la bibliometría con lo que las discusiones suelen quedar desconectadas entre editores e investigadores, los desarrolladores de indicadores cienciométricos y los decisores de política en las instituciones y en los países.Por otro lado, los desarrolladores de indicadores tienen intereses económicos pues suelen estar asociados a empresas de información y hacen poderosos lobys de influencia sobre los gobiernos y las organizaciones que marcan los criterios de evaluación de los académicos y los proyectos de investigación.Las diversas declaraciones que han hecho los investigadores y académicos (San Francisco, Leiden, entre otras) como numerosos artículos de cienciometra, han evidenciado los problemas de indicadores de factor de impacto como el IFJ (Impact Factor Journal), el SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper), el SJR (SCImago Journal Rank), el CS (CiteScore) y el índice H, entre los más conocidos. En todos los casos estos indicadores son inadecuados pues no permiten medir en forma equitativa el impacto real, los usos del conocimiento y no pueden dar cuenta de la relación volumen de artículos y citación. En este sentido comparar una revista que publica 500 artículos con una que publica 10 es un problema evidente y más clasificar por cuartiles a las revistas; no solo es inequitativo sino erróneo.Por otro lado, comparar una revista con 50 años de consolidación de una comunidad con una que cuenta con 10 años y que está en proceso de consolidación, hace que se agraven los errores de estos sistemas de medición; de igual manera pretender que una revista de una comunidad en proceso de consolidación, sea igual que una revista que representa a la región no hace simétrica la medición; no pueden compararse revistas de comunidades académicas que tienen más de medio siglo de consolidación con las que estamos surgiendo.Las desafortunadas consecuencias de asumir indicadores con estos problemas por parte de los sistemas de ciencia y tecnología es que terminan por desincentivar la producción e incluso suelen desaparecer años de producción académica que condensa años de recursos invertidos en esta producción. Es claro que los efectos de las decisiones con base en estos indicadores es desde todo punto de vista nocivo para los procesos de consolidación de las comunidades académicas.Seguramente el debate no solo debe darse sobre los defectuosos sistemas de medición sino sobre las consecuencias que tienen para la consolidación de las comunidades académicas nacionales y de la región, también deben explicitarse los intereses de los actores. En este debate resulta necesario generar espacios de participación e inclusión de todos los actores implicados en la toma de decisiones de política.La dinámica de la producción de la comunidad académica regional merece que este complejo problema sea discutido y repensado

Rapid exploitation of fossil resources has resulted in a massive release of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. This anthropogenic perturbation of the complex climate system could result in a change of global climate patterns unprecedented in the past millennium. As such, further climatic change poses a serious threat to a broad range of natural systems and economic sectors. The land-use sector, with agriculture in particular, is greatly challenged by the new weather conditions. Hence, adequate action is required in order to adapt and also to prevent potential negative impacts on the sector's services. This thesis aims to assess the direct and indirect impact of climate change in the land-use sector, and to evaluate the associated economic distributional effects. Direct economic impacts from climate change in the agricultural sector are manifested through alterations of crop yields and consequent shifts in agricultural markets including changes in consumer and producer rents. Beyond agriculture, changes in carbon stocks in natural vegetation and soils are also directly affected by climate change. At the same time, they offer a great GHG reduction potential in a land-based climate change mitigation policy. Mitigation measures are needed in all sectors, but they could also lead to negative economic effects and manifest as indirect impacts of climate change, since a comprehensive mitigation policy could rebound in agricultural markets by adding more pressure to production activities. Aside from the aim of assessing impacts, this thesis has a second goal, that of identifying those measures that could reduce the magnitude of such economic consequences. The assessment of direct and indirect climate change economic impacts is accomplished in a broad scenario analysis employed in the Model of Agricultural Production and its Impacts on the Environment (MAgPIE). MAgPIE is a partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector that optimizes land-use patterns such that agricultural demand is fulfilled at the minimal production cost. Biophysical inputs for MAgPIE with climate change impacts (crop yields, water availability and carbon content) come at a high spatial resolution, and as such influence production systems subject to regionally defined economic constraints. For this thesis, the existing framework is extended by an analysis of market shocks and shifts in economic surpluses. The main findings of the thesis suggest that a strong climate change effect on crop yields could cause significant global agricultural welfare loss by the end of the century. Geographic regions will be differently affected by climate change, with more losses in tropical areas. Additionally, the weight of economic impacts will be higher for food consumers than for food producers. However, a land-use based mitigation policy could greatly contribute to the reduction of the direct impacts. Still, achieving the land-based mitigation potential could considerably affect land-use and the dynamics of terrestrial carbon stocks. Under a GHG emission tax policy, land-use change carbon emissions could be almost entirely avoided. However, residual emissions from agricultural production systems (methane and nitrous-oxide gases) would still remain even if emission taxing mechanisms were applied, while the negative mitigation policy effects would reflect strongly in higher production costs and consequently increasing food prices. Particular measures can be implemented to alleviate the negative impacts from climate change and mitigation action. More openness in international agricultural trade could considerably reduce global and regional losses. Food demand management, changing diet patterns and reducing waste, all point to ways not only of reducing GHG emissions, but also of relieving the pressure of agricultural markets. GHG reduction measures can also be diversified in order to prevent impacts of a mitigation policy; for example a lower than optimal GHG tax for the non-CO2 emissions in the agricultural sector would trigger emissions reduction to the full potential without threatening food price stability. In the context of food security, these measures should be an integral part of any policy portfolio aiming at both the mitigation of climate change and the avoidance of direct and indirect climate change impacts on the stable utilization of food. ; Die rapide Ausbeutung fossiler Ressourcen hat große Mengen an Treibhausgasen in die Atmosphäre freigesetzt. Diese anthropogene Störung des komplexen Klimasystems könnte die klimatisch sehr günstigen Bedingungen des Holozäns beenden, sofern weiterhin Treibhausgase emittiert werden. Der Klimawandel stellt damit sowohl eine ernsthafte Bedrohung für natürliche Systeme als auch für die Weltwirtschaft dar. Der Landnutzungssektor, und insbesondere die Landwirtschaft, wird durch den Klimawandel vor die Herausforderung gestellt, Treibhausgase zu vermeiden, sich anzupassen, und hierdurch negative Folgen auf die Produktion und Dienstleistungen des Sektors abzuwenden. Diese Dissertation quantifiziert die direkten und indirekten Klimafolgen im Landnutzungssektor und evaluiert die damit verbundenen ökonomischen Verteilungseffekte. Direkte Klimafolgen entstehen zum einen durch eine Veränderung der landwirtschaftlichen Ertragspotentiale und deren Auswirkungen auf die Agrarmärkte, welche wiederum Folgen für Produzenten- und Konsumentenrenten haben. Weiterhin beinhalten die direkten Klimafolgen auch eine Veränderung der Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Vegetation und Böden, welche als Kohlenstoffsenke ein großes Potential zur Treibhausgasvermeidung besitzen und unter einer Klimaschutzpolitik zu einem bedeutenden Vermögenswert aufgewertet werden. Politikmaßnahmen zur Treibhausgasvermeidung können darüber hinaus erheblichen Druck auf landwirtschaftliche Märkte ausüben. Diese indirekten Klimafolgen können zu Verteilungseffekten führen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Ernährungssicherung. Neben dem Ziel, die Klimafolgen zu quantifizieren, soll diese Dissertation darüber hinaus auch Maßnahmen identifizieren, welche negative ökonomische Verteilungsfolgen des Klimawandels reduziert. Die direkten und indirekten Klimafolgen werden durch eine Szenarienanalyse beurteilt, welche mit dem Landnutzungsmodell MAgPIE (Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment) durchgeführt wurde. MAgPIE ist ein partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell des Agrarsektors, welches Landnutzungsmuster so optimiert, dass eine gegebene Nachfrage kostenminimal durch die Produktion gedeckt wird. Das Modell berücksichtigt die biophysikalische Beeinflussung von Erträgen, Wasserverfügbarkeit und Kohlenstoffspeicherung durch den Klimawandel auf hoher geographischer Auflösung, und simuliert die Folgen auf das Produktionssystem innerhalb der gegebenen ökonomischen Randbedingungen. In dieser Dissertation wurde das bestehende Modell um eine Analyse von Marktschocks und um Verschiebungen der ökonomischen Renten erweitert. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit deuten darauf hin, dass die klimabedingte Veränderung der Erträge gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts einen erheblichen Wohlfahrtsverlust verursachen könnte. Die verschiedenen Weltregionen werden hierbei unterschiedlich betroffen sein, wobei insbesondere die tropischen Regionen von den Klimafolgen negativ beeinträchtigt werden. Auch werden Nachfrager von Nahrungsmitteln stärker betroffen sein als Nahrungsmittelproduzenten. Landnutzungsbasierte Vermeidung von Treibhausgasen könnte die direkten Folgen des Klimawandels erheblich abmildern. Derartige Mitigationsmaßnahmen würden allerdings die Landnutzung und die terrestrischen Kohlenstoffspeicher stark verändern. Eine Steuer auf Treibhausgase könnte die Kohlendioxid-Emissionen aus Landnutzungsveränderungen fast vollständig verhindern, während Methan- und Lachgasemissionen aus der Landnutzung auch unter einer solchen Besteuerung nicht vollständig vermieden würden. Zusätzlich zu der Erhöhung der Produktionskosten durch Treibhausgasminderung würden so auch die Kosten der Emissionssteuer auf die Nahrungsmittelkonsumenten abgewälzt, was über höhere Nahrungsmittelpreise zu unerwünschten Verteilungseffekten führen könnte. Um unerwünschte Verteilungseffekte zu vermeiden oder abzumildern, könnten verschiedene zusätzliche Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Durch freieren Handel zwischen den Weltregionen könnten Regionen, die stark vom Klimawandel betroffen sind, ihre Nachfrage kostengünstiger über Importe decken. Darüber hinaus könnte die Förderung von nachhaltigerem Konsum, insbesondere eine Reduktion von Lebensmittelverschwendung und geringerer Konsum tierischer Produkte, nicht nur die Emissionen aus der Landwirtschaft begrenzen, sondern gleichzeitig auch Druck aus den Agrarmärkten nehmen und so den Preisanstieg verringern. Schließlich könnte auch eine Differenzierung des Kohlenstoffpreises zwischen dem Landnutzungssektor und den anderen Wirtschaftssektoren vorteilhaft sein. Bereits eine geringe Besteuerung reicht aus, um das Vermeidungspotential des Landnutzungssektors größtenteils auszuschöpfen, und begrenzt zugleich Verteilungseffekte, die sich aus der Abwälzung der Steuer auf den Konsumenten ergeben. Gerade im Kontext der Ernährungssicherheit sollten diese Maßnahmen daher ein integraler Bestandteil des Politikportfolios sein, welches zugleich Treibhausgase vermeidet und die direkten und indirekten Klimafolgen reduziert.

Статья посвящена теоретическим аспектам научного исследования «Механизмы преодоления ментальных барьеров инклюзии социально уязвимых категорий населения для активизации процессов модернизации регионального сообщества» (грант РНФ № 16-18-00078). Авторами дан анализ сущности категории «социально уязвимые группы населения» с точки зрения правового, экономического и социологического подходов. Показано, что экономический подход, использующий при определении уязвимых слоев населения критерий «уровень доходов и накопленного имущества», является превалирующим в практике государственного управления. Правовое поле категории с опорой на экономический подход определено понятием «малоимущие и социально незащищенные категории граждан». На основе анализа теоретико-методологических аспектов данной проблемы показано, что эти критерии служат необходимым, но недостаточным условием для отнесения населения к категории социально уязвимого. В зарубежной литературе феномен уязвимости связывается с понятием рисков, возможностью ответа на них со стороны домохозяйств и вероятностью потери благосостояния (теории бедности; научные направления, связанные с источниками средств к существованию и т.д.). В концепции активов (аsset-based approaches) уязвимость соотносится с состоянием бедности, возникающим вследствие недостаточного доступа к материальным и нематериальным активам. Социологические теории, представленные концепцией социального исключения, уделяют большое внимание распаду социальных связей как источнику уязвимости. Сущность социального исключения состоит в невозможности людей участвовать в важных для них аспектах социальной жизни (в политических процессах, рынках труда, системах образования и здравоохранения, культурной жизни общества и т.п.), на которые у них есть все права. Различие концепций эксклюзии и бедности проявляется в смещении акцента с неравенства доходов на ограничение доступа к правам. Социальная эксклюзия характеризуется ситуацией и состоянием исключения, которое связано с социальным статусом и самовосприятием человека и выражено чувствами неполноценности, озлобленности, страха, отчаяния, подавленности, стыда. Статус социального исключения имеет множество критериев: бедность, ограниченные возможности трудоустройства и образования, недостаточный доступ к социальным и общественным сетям и мероприятиям, невозможность планировать собственную жизнь. Объяснительная концепция социальной эксклюзии опирается на процессы конструирования отношения к социально уязвимым слоям населения как к обесцененному социальному статусу. Барьерами социальной инклюзии становится формирование негативного образа представителя данной категории населения в глазах более благополучного окружения и причинность этого явления состоит в индивидуальных особенностях личности: недостаточной целеустремленности, безволии, лени, низкой мотивации к труду и обучению, во вредных привычках. Сложившийся социальный стереотип способствует стратификации целых семей, включая детей, которые заранее лишаются важнейших экономических, политических и культурных ресурсов общества, блокируя им возможности восходящей мобильности. Непринятие мер по преодолению социального исключения может привести к тому, что часть населения будет выпадать из процессов общественного развития, скатываясь в состояние стагнации и полной социальной зависимости. Концепция социальной инклюзии смещает приоритеты социальной политики государства с выделения социальных трансфертов на активное изменение образа мышления в обществе. ; The article considers theoretical aspects of a scientific research "The Mechanisms for Overcoming Mental Barriers of Inclusion of Socially Vulnerable Categories of the Population for the Purpose of Intensifying Modernization in the Regional Community" (RSF grant No. 16-18-00078). The authors analyze the essence of the category of "socially vulnerable groups" from the legal, economic and sociological perspectives. The paper shows that the economic approach that uses the criterion "the level of income and accumulated assets" when defining vulnerable population groups prevails in public administration practice. The legal field of the category based on the economic approach is defined by the concept of "the poor and socially unprotected categories of citizens". With the help of the analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of this issue, the authors show that these criteria are a necessary but not sufficient condition for classifying the population as being socially vulnerable. Foreign literature associates the phenomenon of vulnerability with the concept of risks, with the possibility of households responding to them and with the likelihood of losing the well-being (poverty theory; research areas related to the means of subsistence, etc.). The asset-based approaches relate vulnerability to the poverty that arises due to lack of access to tangible and intangible assets. Sociological theories presented by the concept of social exclusion pay much attention to the breakdown of social ties as a source of vulnerability. The essence of social exclusion consists in the inability of people to participate in important aspects of social life (in politics, labor markets, education and healthcare, cultural life, etc.) though they have all the rights to do so. The difference between the concepts of exclusion and poverty is manifested in the displacement of emphasis from income inequality to limited access to rights. Social exclusion is characterized by the situation and state of exception that is linked to social status and self-perception of human rights and expressed through the senses of inferiority, anger, fear, despair, depression, shame. The status of social exclusion has many criteria: poverty, limited opportunities for employment and education, lack of access to social and community networks and activities, inability to plan one's own life. The explanatory concept of social exclusion is based on the construction of the attitude toward socially vulnerable layers as the devalued social status. The barrier of social inclusion consists in the formation of a negative image of a representative of this category of the population in the eyes of more secure population groups; and the reason for this phenomenon lies in individual characteristics of an individual: lack of purpose, apathy, laziness, low motivation to labor and training, and bad habits. The prevailing social stereotype contributes to the stratification of entire families, including children, who are in advance deprived of the most important economic, political and cultural resources of society, and have no opportunities for the upward mobility. If no measures are taken to overcome social exclusion, it can lead to the fact that part of the population will fall out of social development and slip into a state of stagnation and complete social dependence. The concept of social inclusion shifts the priorities of state social policy from the allocation of social transfers to actively changing the mindset in society.

The case of Australia and the film «Australia» as an example of the effective using of cinema in place branding is represented. It is proved that films are strong and effective communication channels within internationals relations, which are able to have an impact on a distribution of the global flows of potential visitors to the country. It is shown that placing of the state brand into cinematography form enables the process of formation of the international image of a state, improving the country's reputation in the eyes of public community of the other countries. The author shows the conditions the use of cinema as a tool of place branding brings the most effective results under which. As such conditions the author considers world­class events in the countries where the movies were filmed. The article also focuses on a role of public authorities within successful place branding. A successful Australian marketing campaign «Come Walkabout» which was held by state agency «Tourism Australia» in 2008 is analyzed. The peculiarity of this campaign was its establishment on a base of the film «Australia». It became a unique packaging for state brand with its subsequent representation towards wide circles of the international community. The article also rises the question of interdependence among state image and the images of its components. The reputation of the country on the international scene, respect and trust in it, which causes craving and love for the country or, conversely, a poor reputation among other international actors and, consequently, a negative attitude towards it from the international environment, are important intangible components of any modern country. At a time when the "soft power" becomes even more important in interactions, even in spite of local armed conflicts and growing tension in certain regions of the world, the positive image of the country to this day contributes to a successful constructive dialogue with the rest of the international actors, and cooperation and cooperation at the international level. the arenas do not lose their relevance. Considering cinema as a powerful information channel and an influential tool for substituting institutions in the audience's minds, we wondered if it could be viewed in terms of image-maker functionality that could form a positive image of the country in the domestic political and, in particular, the foreign policy field, to promote the brand of the country to in the international arena and / or weaken competitors' rivalry for world resources. Modern films never become powerful channels of communication, ceasing to be only creative works of authors' collectives. The ability of cinema to mythologize events, to replace some installations in the human minds of others, in a heap of new technologies of film production, make it the most important kind of psychological influence, and therefore - the creation of a new reality. The problems of the relationship between culture (cinema) and space (the country), their interaction, are extremely relevant both in the field of scientific research of various humanitarian disciplines (cultural studies, political science, history, philology, psychology, etc.), as well as in the field of direct human practice - be it the protection of cultural and natural heritage, foreign and domestic policy of states, international relations, socio-economic development of different regions and countries. The substantiation and research of the possibilities of cinematography in the processes of creation and promotion of the brand of the country, its potential as a systemic mechanism for spreading a positive image of the country in its foreign policy context is becoming relevant. The design of the placement branding, which we consider to be the direction of modern state policy, becomes the locomotive that leads the practice of managing reputational capital of the country to a qualitatively new level. The involvement of cinematography as a tool for the performance of the play-branding activity makes it possible to talk about the emergence of the first practical models of purposeful and systematic activity in relation to the image of the country on the international scene, which favorably differ from the popular but ineffective casual acts of state bodies and enthusiasts from the private sector, in order to improve perception of the country to the rest of the world. ; Презентується кейс Австралії та фільму «Австралія» як приклад ефективного використання кінематографа в процесі плейсбрендингу. Доведено, що кінофільми є вагомими та ефективними комунікаційними каналами в міжнародних відносинах, здатними впливати на розподіл глобальних потоків потенційних відвідувачів країни. Показано, що розміщення бренду країни в кінематографічній формі уможливлює процеси формування міжнародного іміджу країни, поліпшення репутації країни в очах громадської спільноти інших країн. Автор демонструє умови, при яких використання кінематографа в якості інструменту плейсбрендингу приносить найефективніші результати. До таких умов він відносить проведення подій світового рівня в країні, де знімався кінофільм. Стаття також акцентує увагу на ролі державних органів у процесі успішного плейсбрендингу. Проаналізована успішна маркетингова кампанія Австралії «Спробуй піший туризм» проведена державним агентством «Туризм Австралії» в 2008 році. Особливістю цієї кампанії було її започаткування саме на основі кінофільму «Австралія», який послужив унікальним пакуванням для бренду країни із його подальшим репрезентуванням широким колам світової спільноти. В статті також порушується питання взаємозалежності іміджу країни та іміджу її складових елементів. ; Презентується кейс Австралії та фільму «Австралія» як приклад ефективного використання кінематографа в процесі плейсбрендингу. Доведено, що кінофільми є вагомими та ефективними комунікаційними каналами в міжнародних відносинах, здатними впливати на розподіл глобальних потоків потенційних відвідувачів країни. Показано, що розміщення бренду країни в кінематографічній формі уможливлює процеси формування міжнародного іміджу країни, поліпшення репутації країни в очах громадської спільноти інших країн. Автор демонструє умови, при яких використання кінематографа в якості інструменту плейсбрендингу приносить найефективніші результати. До таких умов він відносить проведення подій світового рівня в країні, де знімався кінофільм. Стаття також акцентує увагу на ролі державних органів у процесі успішного плейсбрендингу. Проаналізована успішна маркетингова кампанія Австралії «Спробуй піший туризм» проведена державним агентством «Туризм Австралії» в 2008 році. Особливістю цієї кампанії було її започаткування саме на основі кінофільму «Австралія», який послужив унікальним пакуванням для бренду країни із його подальшим репрезентуванням широким колам світової спільноти. В статті також порушується питання взаємозалежності іміджу країни та іміджу її складових елементів.

Ciudades buscan obtener el derecho de organizar grandes eventos para llamar la atención a gran escala, junto con la gran inversión financiera que reciben. Seguro de que los cambios estructurales requieren grandes inversiones, Brasil debe hacer provecho de la oportunidad de grandes eventos y todos los movimientos que se producen en el próximo ejercicio para maximizar estos cambios. Tengo la intención de desarrollar una tesis sobre los beneficios que una ciudad puede obtener con grandes acontecimientos mundiales como la Copa Mundial de la FIFA y los Juegos Olímpicos, por lo que estos beneficios se transforman en beneficios permanentes para sus habitantes, y lo que debe hacerse por el poder público para evitar que se pierda la oportunidad de canalizar inversiones para la mejora y desarrollo de la ciudad , y se puede sentir de forma permanente después de los acontecimientos. Voy a buscar en los últimos grandes eventos deportivos, su poder de intervención urbana y el legado social que dejó en la ciudad, especialmente el respeto por el medio ambiente y los principios democráticos de gestión de la ciudad. Elijo Barcelona como la base de la investigación, por considerarla un ejemplo de cómo lo puede hacerlo. El objetivo del proyecto es buscar a las mejores prácticas en las revoluciones urbanas, con el buque insignia de la Barcelona de los años 90, y llevar sus aplicaciones a la realidad económica, urbana y social de Brasil. Hacer que estos eventos proporcionan un legado sostenible para la ciudad, sus habitantes, la economía y los visitantes . Tengo la intención de identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de la relación entre los principales organismos internacionales y las autoridades locales y regionales, y de qué manera el sistema en su conjunto trabaja en Barcelona, además de identificar lo que salió mal, de modo que el estudio puede servir como guía para las autoridades y las organizaciones que planean llevar a cabo eventos internacionales a gran escala en todo el mundo. En el contexto actual de los escasos recursos públicos a las políticas locales de desarrollo urbano, es una oportunidad de inversión en la infraestructura de la ciudad. Siempre Grand Design de Desarrollo Urbano, la mejor manera es aprovechar la participación y los intereses de las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estatal y municipal), el Comité Olímpico Brasileño ( COB ) y varias empresas privadas. Áreas como el muelle del puerto, la zona central, el oeste y la peste de la ciudad será objeto de mejoras en el estudio y análisis de los cambios que afectan a la sostenibilidad, la competitividad y la calidad de vida en Río de Janeiro en los próximos años. Por tanto, el desarrollo y la mejora de los problemas visibles de la vivienda, saneamiento, transporte, infraestructura, salud, ciudadanía, entre otros. La metodología que utilizará para conseguir los Objetivos será originario de la investigación básica bibliográfica e histórica, para pasar después a la investigación de campo, donde tengo la intención de hacer entrevistas con actores clave en el proceso de desarrollo urbano de Barcelona, y que puede transportar a cualquier ciudad del mundo donde los acontecimientos internacionales pueden ocurrir de grandes dimensiones. ; Cities looking to get the right to organize major events to draw attention to scale , along with the large financial investment they receive. Sure structural changes require large investments , Brazil should make advantage of the opportunity for major events and all the movements that occur in the coming year to maximize these changes. I intend to develop a thesis on the benefits that a city can get to major world events such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games , so these benefits become permanent benefits for its inhabitants, and what should be done by the government to prevent the opportunity to channel investments for the improvement and development of the city is lost, and you may feel permanently after the events . I will look at the last great sporting events, the power of urban intervention and social legacy left in the city, especially respect for the environment and the democratic principles of city management . I chose Barcelona as the basis of research , considering it an example of how you can do it. The project objective is to seek out best practices in urban revolutions, with the flagship of Barcelona in the 90s, and bring their applications to economic , urban and social reality of Brazil . Make these events provide a sustainable legacy for the city, its people, economy and visitors. I intend to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the main international organizations and local and regional authorities, and how the whole system works in Barcelona, and identify what went wrong , so that the study can serve as a guide for authorities and organizations planning to conduct large-scale international events worldwide . In the current context of scarce public resources to local urban development policies , it is an investment opportunity in the infrastructure of the city. Forever Grand Design Urban Development , the best way is to use the participation and interest of the three spheres of government ( federal , state and municipal) , the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB ) and several private companies . Areas like the harbor quay , central , west and the plague of the city shall be subject to improvements in the study and analysis of the changes affecting the sustainability , competitiveness and quality of life in Rio de Janeiro in coming years. Therefore, the development and improvement of the visible problems of housing, sanitation, transportation , infrastructure, health , citizenship, among others. The methodology used to achieve the Millennium will be from the bibliographical and historical basic research , then go to the field research , where I have the intention to do interviews with key actors in the process of urban development of Barcelona, and it can carry any city in the world where international events may occur large .

Ciudades buscan obtener el derecho de organizar grandes eventos para llamar la atención a gran escala, junto con la gran inversión financiera que reciben. Seguro de que los cambios estructurales requieren grandes inversiones, Brasil debe hacer provecho de la oportunidad de grandes eventos y todos los movimientos que se producen en el próximo ejercicio para maximizar estos cambios. Tengo la intención de desarrollar una tesis sobre los beneficios que una ciudad puede obtener con grandes acontecimientos mundiales como la Copa Mundial de la FIFA y los Juegos Olímpicos, por lo que estos beneficios se transforman en beneficios permanentes para sus habitantes, y lo que debe hacerse por el poder público para evitar que se pierda la oportunidad de canalizar inversiones para la mejora y desarrollo de la ciudad , y se puede sentir de forma permanente después de los acontecimientos. Voy a buscar en los últimos grandes eventos deportivos, su poder de intervención urbana y el legado social que dejó en la ciudad, especialmente el respeto por el medio ambiente y los principios democráticos de gestión de la ciudad. Elijo Barcelona como la base de la investigación, por considerarla un ejemplo de cómo lo puede hacerlo. El objetivo del proyecto es buscar a las mejores prácticas en las revoluciones urbanas, con el buque insignia de la Barcelona de los años 90, y llevar sus aplicaciones a la realidad económica, urbana y social de Brasil. Hacer que estos eventos proporcionan un legado sostenible para la ciudad, sus habitantes, la economía y los visitantes . Tengo la intención de identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de la relación entre los principales organismos internacionales y las autoridades locales y regionales, y de qué manera el sistema en su conjunto trabaja en Barcelona, además de identificar lo que salió mal, de modo que el estudio puede servir como guía para las autoridades y las organizaciones que planean llevar a cabo eventos internacionales a gran escala en todo el mundo. En el contexto actual de los escasos recursos públicos a las políticas locales de desarrollo urbano, es una oportunidad de inversión en la infraestructura de la ciudad. Siempre Grand Design de Desarrollo Urbano, la mejor manera es aprovechar la participación y los intereses de las tres esferas de gobierno (federal, estatal y municipal), el Comité Olímpico Brasileño ( COB ) y varias empresas privadas. Áreas como el muelle del puerto, la zona central, el oeste y la peste de la ciudad será objeto de mejoras en el estudio y análisis de los cambios que afectan a la sostenibilidad, la competitividad y la calidad de vida en Río de Janeiro en los próximos años. Por tanto, el desarrollo y la mejora de los problemas visibles de la vivienda, saneamiento, transporte, infraestructura, salud, ciudadanía, entre otros. La metodología que utilizará para conseguir los Objetivos será originario de la investigación básica bibliográfica e histórica, para pasar después a la investigación de campo, donde tengo la intención de hacer entrevistas con actores clave en el proceso de desarrollo urbano de Barcelona, y que puede transportar a cualquier ciudad del mundo donde los acontecimientos internacionales pueden ocurrir de grandes dimensiones. ; Cities looking to get the right to organize major events to draw attention to scale , along with the large financial investment they receive. Sure structural changes require large investments , Brazil should make advantage of the opportunity for major events and all the movements that occur in the coming year to maximize these changes. I intend to develop a thesis on the benefits that a city can get to major world events such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games , so these benefits become permanent benefits for its inhabitants, and what should be done by the government to prevent the opportunity to channel investments for the improvement and development of the city is lost, and you may feel permanently after the events . I will look at the last great sporting events, the power of urban intervention and social legacy left in the city, especially respect for the environment and the democratic principles of city management . I chose Barcelona as the basis of research , considering it an example of how you can do it. The project objective is to seek out best practices in urban revolutions, with the flagship of Barcelona in the 90s, and bring their applications to economic , urban and social reality of Brazil . Make these events provide a sustainable legacy for the city, its people, economy and visitors. I intend to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the main international organizations and local and regional authorities, and how the whole system works in Barcelona, and identify what went wrong , so that the study can serve as a guide for authorities and organizations planning to conduct large-scale international events worldwide . In the current context of scarce public resources to local urban development policies , it is an investment opportunity in the infrastructure of the city. Forever Grand Design Urban Development , the best way is to use the participation and interest of the three spheres of government ( federal , state and municipal) , the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB ) and several private companies . Areas like the harbor quay , central , west and the plague of the city shall be subject to improvements in the study and analysis of the changes affecting the sustainability , competitiveness and quality of life in Rio de Janeiro in coming years. Therefore, the development and improvement of the visible problems of housing, sanitation, transportation , infrastructure, health , citizenship, among others. The methodology used to achieve the Millennium will be from the bibliographical and historical basic research , then go to the field research , where I have the intention to do interviews with key actors in the process of urban development of Barcelona, and it can carry any city in the world where international events may occur large .

Tesis para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Sociales, de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, en diciembre de 2013. ; Procesos de Hibridación Social en las Nuevas Plataformas Productivas…. es un estudio sobre los procesos de hibridación producido por el ingreso del cultivo del Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa - Chevalier, C.F. Liang et al., A.R. Ferguson). y de la Horticultura intensiva – en adelante Nuevas Plataformas Productivas (NPP)1 - en una zona eminentemente ganadera por historia y por tradición, impactada por el ingreso de estos cultivos. El mismo se localizó espacialmente en las localidades rurales de Arditi, Bavio y Payró del Partido de Magdalena, en la provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina en el período 1990-2010. Mi investigación propone estudiar si la inserción de las NPP en la zona en estudio ha provocado una cierta transformación empírica en los procesos productivos mediante procesos de hibridación, tanto en prácticas como en la organización social de la producción y del trabajo, que no estén puestos a la luz y que atañen tanto a los Productores y trabajadores de estas NNP como a los demás actores involucrados. Estos procesos toman fuerza debido a tres características apreciables como son: el desplazamiento de las personas (migraciones), la convergencia de las ciencias a través de sus múltiples disciplinas y la tecnología. Para dar respuesta a ello pretendemos observar y comprender estos nuevos procesos productivos, donde se hallan insertos, (enlazados algunos, en forma separada otros), de la mano de migrantes transculturales e internos que llevan delante las mismas, pero haciéndose lugar donde están otras producciones, de la mano de nuevas tecnologías, nuevos actores y nuevos saberes, todo ello hibridado en un territorio que los contiene. Para el mundo académico significa redefinir el objeto de estudio sobre lo que tradicionalmente se consideró como rural, muy vinculado estrechamente a la producción agropecuaria tradicional de la zona. Pensamos en una nueva visión que debe abarcar un espectro mayor de actividades y desde el punto de vista de la sociología, privilegiar el tema de las relaciones sociales como una perspectiva profesional muy propia de la disciplina. Como objetivo general y de la mano de los conceptos de hibridación social, a través de diversos autores -principalmente Néstor García Canclini - trataré de explicar todos estos acontecimientos como Procesos de Hibridación en el medio rural, para poner en diálogo con los demás autores consultados, que investigaron principalmente., en las grandes urbes de Latinoamérica. Podemos definir a este fenómeno como " un .proceso permanente de interacciones en una región o territorio que se manifiesta en la etapa actual de la globalización y modernización, donde participan diferentes tipologías de actores (individuos, grupos ,empresas, gobierno, instituciones y demás agentes de cambio) cada uno con diferentes estrategias, reglas, y demás recursos para la toma de decisiones con el fin de establecer o imponer objetivos o intereses que les son propios, dentro de espacios determinados de confrontación - "arenas de lucha" en términos de Norman Long (1998) negociación, acuerdos y desacuerdos .En estos términos tiene su impronta local y puede ser vista como una potencia social para el cambio . ; Processes of Social Hybridization at the New Productive Platforms. A study is over the processes of hybridization produced by the entrance of the cultivation of the Kiwi (delicious Actinidia - Chevalier, C.F. Liang et to the. A.R. Ferguson). And of the intensive Horticulture – from now on New Productive Platforms (NPP) - at an eminently cattle zone for history and for tradition, impacted for the entrance of these cultivations. The same you located yourself spacely at Arditi's, Bavio's and Payró's rural localities of Magdalena's Game, at the province of Buenos Aires, Argentine República in the period 1990-2010. My investigation proposes studying if the insertion (NPP) at the zone under consideration has provoked a certain empiric transformation in the productive intervening processes of hybridization, so much in practices like in the social organization of production and of work, that they not stand in the light and that they have to do with so much I eat to the Producers and these NNP's workers to the rest of the implicated actors. These processes are becoming stronger because of three significant features such as: the displacement of people (migration), the convergence of science through its multiple disciplines and technology. To answer this we intend to observe and understand these new production processes, which are inserted (linked some other separately), with the help of cross-bearing and internal migrants before them, but making where other productions are, with the help of new technologies, new players and new knowledge, all hybridized in a territory that contains them. For the academic world means to redefine the object of study on what is traditionally considered rural, very closely linked to traditional agricultural production in the area. We believe in a new vision that should cover a wider spectrum of activities and from the point of view of sociology, privileging the theme of social relations as a very own professional perspective of the discipline. Overall objective and hand the concepts of social hybridization, mainly through various authors Nestor Garcia Canclini - try to explain these events as hybridization processes in rural areas, to start dialogue with other authors consulted, they investigated mainly, in the big cities of Latin America. We can define this phenomenon as "a permanent .Process interactions in a region or territory is manifested in the current phase of globalization and modernization, where different types of actors (individuals, groups, businesses, government, and other institutions involved change agents) each with different strategies, rules, and other resources for decision-making in order to establish or impose objectives or interests which they represent, in certain areas of confrontation - "arenas of struggle" in terms of Norman Long (1998) negotiation, agreement and disagreement .In these terms has its home mark and can be seen as a" social force for change". ; Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región Pampeana ; Fil: Goites, Enrique David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región Pampeana; Argentina

BACKGROUND: The health sector has 'duty of care' to provide comprehensive health services to survivors of violence, to act as a referral point, to collect and document evidence, to report data on violence and to engage in preventive services. In Malawi, 48% of women experience some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) and a significant number report conditions requiring health care services, although few actually report to health services, which are in turn limited in scope and availability. Understanding how health care providers, relevant stakeholders and IPV survivors perceive the role of health care services in IPV is necessary to promote the development of context-relevant and sustainable health care interventions. AIM: To understand the health service responses to IPV in Malawi from a wide range of perspectives OBJECTIVES: i) to critically analyze written legislation, policy and strategy documents in relation to IPV and the health sector in Malawi; ii) to describe the perceptions and experiences of IPV and of health sector responses among survivors of violence, community members, health care workers and other key stakeholders in Malawi; iii) to estimate the extent of intimate partner and sexual violence from a health service uptake perspective using proxy determinants at one referral hospital in Malawi iv) To explore the policy implications of the study findings for the health sector responses in Malawi METHODS: In 2011, a multi-method situation analysis was conducted in three areas of Blantyre district, with additional data collected in Mangochi and Lilongwe districts. Seventeen relevant national documents were analyzed. A total of 10 focus group discussions (FGDs), 2 small groups and 14 individual interviews (IIs) were conducted with health care providers; 18 FGDs and one small group discussion were conducted with male and female, urban and rural community members; 12 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with survivors; 26 key informant interviews (KIIs) with donor agencies, GBV service providers, religious institutions; police officers and other stakeholders were conducted. A review of 3,567 register records for the month of January 2011 was done in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and police records on violence cases in Blantyre for the same month were reviewed. Qualitative data was analyzed using the 'framework' approach, assisted by NVIVO 9 software. Hospital records were analyzed using Epi Info™. Feminist approaches and the ecological framework for analysis of violence informed data analysis and interpretation. A range of quality assurance measures were undertaken and data were triangulated across all methods: policy analysis, interviews and records reviews. FINDINGS: A review of legislation and policy combined with qualitative stakeholder interviews revealed conflicts, gaps and lack of awareness of the available documents that undermined coordinated health sector responses. Survivors, community members and health care workers revealed that IPV is perceived as a massive, though under-recognised problem. IPV in its various forms was seen as widespread and normalised, except perhaps in the perceived severe forms (such as femicide and child rape). IPV, though considered as shameful, was not necessarily a very private matter with involvement of neighbours, families, friends and significant others. Various factors at individual, interpersonal, society and institutional levels were described as affecting under-reporting, access to services and responses from sources of support. The review of registered data confirmed that IPV is generally underreported in health services and that relying on trauma as a proxy for IPV against women would prove difficult to implement. This multi-method approach highlighted the importance of diagnostic identification and the difficulties of universal screening. The actual role of health services in IPV seemed fuzzy from the service user's perspectives and narrowly confined to the bio-medical model or acute model of health service provision. However, both potential service users and health care providers were optimistic about new developments such as 'One Stop Centres' and about the potential role of health services, particularly those linked to HIV programmes. They suggested these be provided as a continuum from prevention to rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a range of laws and policies that define and promote action to prevent IPV in Malawi. These have had some positive influences on both community norms and health sector responses. However, ineffective promotion has limited their effectiveness. In addition there are gaps and inconsistencies that reduce their potential in guiding the health sector response to IPV. The study explored stakeholders' perceptions of IPV, the health sector response and the factors shaping it. This revealed a complex web of interconnected socio-economic, cultural, political and institutional factors. Perceptions of violence are culturally normative and related to gender roles and expectations. The inclusion of male voices on IPV against men, and using emic definitions of violence revealed conflicts between women's and men's interpretations of IPV, particularly with regard to sexual violence and the transgression of gender and marital roles. The specific socio-economic and cultural context strongly favours a conflict resolution model of responding to violence, which raises questions about the mandate and the potential roles of the health sector. Most stakeholders perceive IPV as a significant problem and recognise multiple impacts on health. However there is a clear disconnect between the magnitude of the problem and the health sector response. Nevertheless, the health sector is well placed to play a leadership role and has some resources, such as HIV Testing and Counselling staff and curricula to offer in a multi-sectoral response. Proxy determinants as reflected in the health service registers proved to be inadequate due to poor reporting and recording, and under-reporting to health services. Under-reporting was influenced by a range of inter-connected barriers to formal help-seeking, including normative attitudes and ineffective responses by both informal and formal sources of support. However, knowledge was generated about the challenges to recording and reporting IPV in this setting. The study findings suggested a number of key opportunities for improving the health sector response to IPV in Malawi that may be appropriate in this specific context and considered their potential sustainability.

WOS:000483426200025 ; The production cross sections of B-s(0) mesons and charge conjugates are measured in proton-proton (pp) and PbPb collisions via the exclusive decay channel B-s(0)-> J/ psi phi ->mu(+) mu(-) K+K- at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair and within the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4 using the CMS detector at the LHC. The pp measurement is performed as a function of transverse momentum (P-T) of the B-s(0), mesons in the range of 7 to 50 GeV/c and is compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD calculations. The B s production yield in PbPb collisions is measured in two F t intervals, 7 to 15 and 15 to 50 GeV/c, and compared to the yield in pp collisions in the same kinematic region. The nuclear modification factor (R-AA) is found to be 1.5 +/- 0.6(stat) +/- 0.5(syst) for 7-15 GeV/c, and 0.87 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.1 7(syst) for 15-50 GeV/c, respectively. Within current uncertainties, the B-s(0) results are consistent with models of strangeness enhancement, and suppression by parton energy loss, as observed for the B+ mesons. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); ROSATOM (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programme (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC) [675440]; Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; A. G. Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European UnionEuropean Union (EU); European Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis programme - EU-ESF; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship (Thailand); Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)Chulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the A. G. Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, European Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000441334500002 ; The results of a previous search by the CMS Collaboration for squarks and gluinos are reinterpreted to constrain models of leptoquark (LQ) production. The search considers jets in association with a transverse momentum imbalance, using the M-T2 variable. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at root s = 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). Leptoquark pair production is considered with LQ decays to a neutrino and a top, bottom, or light quark. This reinterpretation considers higher mass values than the original CMS search to constrain both scalar and vector LQs. Limits on the cross section for LQ pair production are derived at the 95% confidence level depending on the LQ decay mode. A vector LQ decaying with a 50% branching fraction to t nu, and 50% to b tau, has been proposed as part of an explanation of anomalous flavor physics results. In such a model, using only the decays to t nu, LQ masses below 1530 GeV are excluded assuming the Yang-Mills case with coupling kappa = 1, or 1115 GeV in the minimal coupling case kappa = 0, placing the most stringent constraint to date from pair production of vector LQs. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F. R. S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h ProjectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science (Poland); European Union, Regional Development Fund (Poland); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland); National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; Aristeia program; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Direct For Mathematical & Physical ScienNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) [1151640] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/J005479/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/I003622/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/F007434/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants Nos. 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

The Bossier City Council's decision to allow plenty
of time to vet a propose four-year extension of its public-private partnership
with Manchac Consulting appears wiser than ever as more details and analysis
emerge about it – all of which buttresses the case that competitive bidding
take place to manage city most engineering, public works, and utilities
functions.

Last
week, the Council stalled an attempt to begin the process of considering
the no-bid extension. As
originally cued, the Council could have signed off on a rate representing
an increase of 50 percent over the deal that started in mid-2021, or $195,000
monthly, as early as Nov. 21. Instead, it will deal with the deal at the beginning
of 2024, about three weeks prior to the agreement automatically extending for the
existing three years at $169,000 monthly, starting mid-2024.

The extra time will give the city time to work through
some issues, beginning with city ordinance
allowing for only a three-year maximum on the life of a contract. However, state law allows local
governments to use five years as a maximum, and as state law takes precedence
over ordinance, the city could violate its ordinance and still have a legal
contract as long as it doesn't span more than five years. When the city
initiated the arrangement in 2016, which then only covered utilities, it
was for five years, and when
it renewed in 2021, incorporating previous amendments and adding others, a
three-year term was used after initially
setting it at another five and a whopping increase to more than $303,000
per month that the Council quickly
yanked.

In other words, because it has a legal excuse to
do so, as written the Republican Mayor Tommy Chandler Administration and the
Council simply would ignore city ordinance. No elected official has presented a
compelling reason why it should do so, and such an adequate defense of a
four-year term must be made to justify treating the ordinance as if it didn't
exist.

Then there's another ordinance
that requires the city to have competitive bidding. By its wording, it appears
to link to the state's Public
Bid Law unless mayoral directive overrides, which doesn't appear to exist. Another
ordinance
excepts no-bid contracts such as the previous two and now proposed Manchac
deals when, under regulations, the purchasing agent or his designee above the
level of purchasing agent determines in writing that there is only one source
for the required service.

Yet there's no evidence that the previous two or
current proposed contracts received this determination, which would be ludicrous
to suggest in any case. Plenty of contractors exist for these functions
worldwide; in fact, one with an office in Bossier City, IBTS, runs almost the entire
government of Central, LA.

However, yet again, there may be an out for the
city. State public bid law is silent on whether local government must employ it
in the case of professional services, as Manchac performs for the city. The
competitive bidding ordinance, in that it covers "Contracts for supplies,
services and major repairs exceeding the amount established by applicable state
law" implies the city opts in for public bid law for services, yet that law
specifies local government adherence only for supplies and repairs. At the very
least, the Council should seek an outside legal opinion and from the Attorney
General – after all, a majority on it didn't shy away from telling City Attorney
Charles Jacobs, who can do this on his own anyway, to seek such things in
regards to the certified
petition calling an election on term limits for elected officials – clarifying
whether the city has to bid competitively for this service, which in any event the
Legislative Auditor highly recommends that it do, especially when talking about
a $9.12 million dollar deal.

Then there's a question kicked around over the
years, most recently by Republican Councilor Chris Smith,
about whether hiring Manchac and installing one of its functionaries, currently
Ben Rauschenbach, as city engineer violates the city
charter in its requirement that the mayor appoint, subject to Council
confirmation, that official. The same is true for director of public utilities,
which Rauschenbach holds by virtue of his Manchac employment. Plus, the charter
gives the mayor the right to fire any department head "as provided for by, or
under, this Charter or other law except as otherwise provided by law, this
Charter, civil service or other personnel rules adopted pursuant to this
Charter."

Both Jacobs, as recently as last meeting, and his
predecessor have sworn up and down that this arrangement doesn't violate the charter.
But the arrangement is at best ambiguous and questionable, despite their
reassurances.

Until mid-2020, the city had its own appointed
engineer, but he "retired" (in actuality, forced out) and Rauschenbach
assumed the post in Jun., 2020 by Council confirmation. At the time, the
city attorney then opined that this conformed to the charter, since the mayor
had the power to fire that individual.

But under the proposed renewal, which bakes in engineering
functions of the city, that no longer would seem to be the case. That's because
the terms of the last 2021 renewal jettisoned the city's ability to leave the
contract at will. This means under the new deal that Manchac has full control
over who it assigns as the engineer to oversee the contract, thereby who
becomes the city engineer. Apparently, because the charter doesn't give terms embedded
in a contract as a reason to override its assigning the mayor removal power, nor
is there an ordinance in place that overrides that part of the charter, a mayor
who objects to that choice in fact cannot fire that individual.

Further, this negates the mayor's power to appoint
and Council to confirm. As if, of course, this process had happened during
Chandler's term, as the charter says the terms of appointed key officers – Director
of Finance; Director of Public Works; Director of Public Utilities; Chief
Administrative Officer; City Attorney; City Engineer; Director, Parks and
Recreation Division; Director, Fleet Services Division; Director, Human
Resources Division; and Director, Civic Center Division – must coincide with
the mayoral term. An exception in the charter is for Director of Arena
Division, in case as it is presently of contracting out that function.

Throughout the first five months of Chandler's
term, all of these positions were filled, although the Civic Center director
was shoveled in to the job of Chandler's secretary Carol Andersen – except for Engineering
and Utilities. The Council apparently never received a nomination from the Chandler
for these posts, and therefore never confirmed Rauschenbach, who even though he
was referred to as "city engineer" as early as Oct.
25, 2021 in Council minutes apparently technically must operate only on an
interim basis, over two years later, in both posts.

Regardless, approval of the renewal appears directly
to violate the charter because a contractual obligation would conflict with it.
Again, at the very least Jacobs should ask for an outside opinion and one from
the Attorney General on the issue.

Finally, not a legal matter but one which raises questions
about Manchac's suitability to perform adequately its duties comes from its subsummation
into Waggoner Engineering
earlier this summer. Manchac is a wholly-owned subsidiary of and by all
accounts in day-to-day operations is let alone by its owner Waggoner and by the
Waggoner chief executive officer Emad al-Turk.

But recent actions by al-Turk call into question the
fitness of any organization part of Waggoner to manage optimally Bossier City
operations. Al-Turk has a long history of political activism especially as it
relates to politics of the Levant, specifically Israel and the quasi-state of
Palestine. Largely through his affiliation as one of the two officers of the
International Museum of Muslim Cultures in Jackson, he publicly
has advocated at the very least for complete independence of the three
pieces of territory currently with largely autonomous existence but overseen by
Israel. He also has posted on social
media links to arguments that question the right of Israel to possess as
much territory as it does or even to exist as a state.

At best, on this subject al-Turk argues with
selective use of information; at worse, he displays ignorance about the entire
picture. That has nothing to do with his performance as an engineer and
manager, which by all accounts is competent.

However, concerning the recent attack by the non-state
international actor Hamas, categorized by most states as a terrorist group including
the U.S., on Israel's territory and people through means
that violate international law, he has remained silent on the atrocities
committed by Hamas, which runs the Gaza Strip with an iron hand, while
condemning Israel's counterreaction that, by all accounts, is violent but adheres
to international law. He
calls that a "genocide" and in his most recent social media post linked to
a cartoon with Democrat U.S. Pres. Joe Biden
cradling Israel Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu sucking from a bottle labeled
"Gaza Blood."

Again, even as emotive and biased as his opinion
here may be, as long as it doesn't interfere with his running of Waggoner, it's
not an issue pertaining to Council action concerning the Manchac contract. But
the problem is that al-Turk's activism has become an impediment. Almost three
weeks after the Oct. 7 Hamas assault, apparently in a state of emotional distress,
al-Turk notified Waggoner employees that the events of the war so traumatized
him and compelled him to engage in political and cultural advocacy on the issue
that he would take a 30-day leave of absence from his duties (whether from
accumulated paid time off or forgoing pay was not mentioned).

Bossier City needs a partner that is on-call
around the clock. Having its partner's CEO out of pocket for reasons of
political activism when crucial decisions may have to be made disserves the citizenry
and calls into severe question whether the partnership with Manchac should
continue.

As has become evident, there are many unresolved issues with renewing
the Manchac contract. The Council was wise to tap the brakes on the move and
needs to resolve these before any proceeding with a renewal, which may include
introduction of competitive bidding for the job.

Congressmember Sam Farr (born July 4, 1941) represented California's Central Coast in the United States House of Representatives for twenty-three years until his retirement from office in 2016. Farr also served six years as a member of the Monterey County Board of Supervisors and twelve years in the California State Assembly. This oral history, a transcript of twenty-five hours of interviews conducted by Irene Reti, director of the UCSC Library's Regional History Project, during the period immediately before and after Farr's retirement from Congress, covers Farr's political career and much of his personal history. Sam Farr was born into a family that extends back five generations in California. His father's grandfather was the brother of Senator William Sharon, who arrived in San Francisco during the Gold Rush. On his mother's (Janet Haskins) side, Farr also has deep California roots; his mother's father, Sam Haskins, was a regent for the University of California and a prominent liberal lawyer in Los Angeles. Sam's father, Fred Farr, was an attorney and served as a California state senator from Carmel from 1955 to 1966. He was the first Democrat in forty-three years elected to represent the Central Coast. Senator Fred Farr was a pioneer in both social justice and environmental protection and well-known on the national political scene. While Farr was inspired by both of his parents, he had no early aspirations for a career in legislative politics like his father. He was mostly raised in Carmel, California (after the family spent some time on the East Coast and in Puerto Rico) before it became an expensive tourist town. The young Sam Farr discovered a love for the natural environment while roaming through the hills and along the beaches of the Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Valley. His mother gave him a love for the outdoors and for gardening. At Carmel High School, he found a mentor in his biology teacher, Enid Larson. His life plan at that time was to study biology in college and return to Carmel to teach high school. Farr struggled with undiagnosed dyslexia during his youth and later became a passionate advocate for people with this then-unrecognized disability. He graduated from Carmel High School in 1959 and journeyed north to earn his BA in biology at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. After graduation, Farr served in the Peace Corps in Medellín, Colombia in 1964, where he honed community development skills, in an experience that was to be one of the most formative of his life. But it was also while he was in the Peace Corps that Farr's life was forever altered by two terrible tragedies that afflicted his family. The first was the unexpected death of his mother from cancer; the second was a horrendous horseback riding accident that killed his sister, Nancy, while the family was visiting Sam in Colombia. In this oral history, Farr speaks with candor and remarkable emotional courage about the effect these two events had on his trajectory. This was the point where he had an epiphany and decided to dedicate himself to fighting the war on poverty through a career in public service, a path that eventually led him to a career as a U.S. congressmember. After a brief stint in law school at Santa Clara University, Farr worked as professional staff in the California Assembly for the next decade. He served under the longtime legislative analyst Alan Post, helping write cost-effectiveness studies of categorical education programs. Later he became staff to the Constitutional Revision Commission. While he was a staffer, in 1972 Farr helped organize a groundbreaking and now legendary coastal bike ride from San Francisco to San Diego, to raise awareness and support for Proposition 20, the Coastal Zone Conservation Act, which resulted in the California Coastal Commission. Farr was developing valuable experience as a staffer in the California State Legislature, but he yearned to return to Carmel and serve in local politics. That opportunity presented itself in 1975, when there was a sudden vacancy on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors which needed to be filled by an appointment from then-governor Jerry Brown. With humor and love, Sam tells the story of how he ended up (successfully) vying with his father for that appointment. The next year (1976) he ran for official election to secure that office. Farr served as a Monterey County Supervisor, representing District 5 from 1975 to 1980. As a supervisor, he helped accomplished many things, including writing the Master Plan for Big Sur; developing the Carmel Highlands Master Plan; the Pebble Beach Master Plan; and the Master Plan for the Carmel Valley. Farr also chaired the Monterey Bay regional planning body, LAFCO [Local Agency Formation Commission] and spearheaded the creation of the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District, leading a historic breakthrough in the regionalization of water management in California. During this period, Farr formed a powerful organizational alliance across the bay with Santa Cruz activists, including Santa Cruz County Supervisor Gary Patton, to stop oil drilling on the Central Coast. This alliance later blossomed into the groundbreaking effort to create the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. In 1980, another chapter began when Farr was elected to the California State Assembly, representing the 27th Assembly District. While in the assembly, Farr authored the 1990 California Organic Standards Act (COFA), which established standards for organic food production and sales in California. This groundbreaking legislation became one of the models for the National Organic Program's federal organic standards and is one of the reasons why the international organic farming movement considers Sam Farr one of its heroes. While in the assembly, Farr also wrote one of the country's strictest oil spill liability laws and the California Ocean Resources Management Act (CORMA). Both the Humane Society and PETA have honored Farr for his lifelong work on behalf of animal rights; while in the assembly he worked on a bill banning certain types of steel-jawed animal traps; a bill increasing state regulations on the transportation of horses to slaughterhouses; and a bill banning the purchase of dogs in California from puppy mills. During Farr's period in the California State Assembly he also worked on issues such as banning corporal punishment in public schools; requiring the labeling of all agricultural products sold in California by their country of origin; and authorizing the installation of ignition interlock ("Breathalyzer") devices in automobiles operated by drivers with DUI convictions. In this section of the oral history, Farr also reflects on changes during that period of California electoral politics and shares his firsthand impressions of Governors Jerry Brown, Ronald Reagan, George Deukmejian, and Pete Wilson, as well as Speaker of the House Willie Brown. An unexpected opportunity arose in 1993 when Congressmember Leon Panetta, who was representing Farr's district in the U.S. House of Representatives, was tapped by the incoming Clinton administration to serve as director of the Office of Management and Budget. After days of deliberation, Farr decided to run in the special election. As state assemblymember, Farr was already deeply involved in the Fort Ord Resuse Authority (FORA), which had been targeted for closure by the BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure) Commission in 1991. Part of Farr's motivation for running for Congress was that he believed that as a U.S. congressmember he would be better able to help secure a university on the site of Fort Ord. Farr would indeed be successful in this endeavor; in 1994 California State University, Monterey Bay opened on the site, an institution that is near and dear to him today. He had other visions for Fort Ord as well, some of which were realized and some of which were not, and discusses Fort Ord extensively in this narrative. This oral history provides a colorful, up-close, and sometimes painful view of the myriad of complex issues Congress engaged with during the twelve terms Farr served, including (but certainly not restricted to) the North American Free Trade Agreement, gay marriage, the terrorist acts of 9/11; the war in Iraq, the passage of Obamacare, immigration rights, organic farming standards, the U.S. relationship with Cuba, ongoing controversies over gun control, and ocean and land conservation. One of Farr's most lasting legacies will be his leadership in the area of ocean conservation. He authored many bills on behalf of ocean health, including the Oceans Conservation, Education, and National Strategy for the 21st Century Act ("OCEANS 21") which recommended having a national policy on the oceans similar to the national policies set forth in the Clean Air Act. He shares his fond recollections of the groundbreaking White House Conference on the Oceans which took place in Monterey, California on the steps of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Farr authored the Southern Sea Otter Recovery and Research Act, to establish a program of research and other activities to aid the recovery of the southern sea otter. Through his sponsorship of the Marine Debris Act Amendments of 2012, Farr created a NOAA program that uses innovative solutions to protect marine ecosystems and coastal communities from the hazards of marine debris. He introduced the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2015, to establish an Ocean Acidification Advisory Board of diverse experts to analyze and help guide policy on this important ocean issue. Farr was also a founding member and chair of the House Oceans Caucus. Both the Monterey Bay Aquarium and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Exploration Center have honored Farr's lifelong contributions to ocean conservation. On shore, Farr leaves quite an extensive legacy of parks he helped establish on the Central Coast, including Pinnacles National Park, created from the former Pinnacles National Monument by legislation introduced by Farr into Congress in 2012, and signed into law by President Barack Obama in January of 2013. Someone once asked Farr what he wanted to be remembered for and he replied, "I guess, if you look at all the parks I created as a supervisor, parks I created as a state legislator, and parks I created, including a national park, as a congressman—I'm the parks guy. The John Muir of the Central Coast."

As gains in basic health care increase life expectancy, more people live past the age of 65, a time when the risk of dementia and other degenerative diseases is higher and people are more likely to require long-term care (LTC) services. Whether at home or in an institution, such care is an important way to protect the lives and dignity of a country's elderly citizens. Unfortunately, the cost of LTC, especially in institutions, can be catastrophic for families. Without public social protection systems many people cannot afford the care they need or the high cost of care sends them and their families into poverty. Thus, LTC is not only a health issue, but also a fiscal issue and as the European population ages, it is crucial for states to develop comprehensive LTC systems that address this interrelated issue. The next section explores the demographic background of the Bulgarian population, which is one of the fastest aging in Europe. This is followed by s short-description of the macro-economic and fiscal framework in post-crisis Bulgaria. Next, an overview of LTC service provisions is given, followed by a section on financing of LTC services. The last section concludes by introducing some guiding principles for future policy reforms.

This report, funded by the Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD), seeks to identify labor market inequalities in the ten countries outlined above, to relate these inequalities to other forms of social exclusion, and to propose areas for policy action aimed at boosting labor market participation. The remainder of the report is structured as follows. Chapter two describes the role that jobs play in fostering good living standards, productivity and social cohesion, and contextualizes the discussion on jobs and participation in the ten countries. Chapter three zooms in, highlighting inequalities in labor force participation across demographic groups. Chapter four shifts the focus to the factors explaining unequal labor force participation across groups, and discusses a policy agenda for these ten countries, drawing on experiences from the rest of the world. Chapter five concludes.