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Demographic development belongs to the group of the primary social and developmental issues, and the demographic processes and tendencies in the population trends are included in the basic social processes which are expressed by the demographic (that is, synthetic social) indicators. The process of the depopulation of Vojvodina is a result of the several-decades long decrease in birthrate, ageing of the population and mortality rate which is related to a series of historical, socioeconomic, cultural educational, specifically local, family, as well as psychological factors. Unfavourable demographic circumstances in Vojvodina started already in the 1920s, and became more pronounced after World War II, in 1989 resulting in the negative natural increase (-1%o), in the process of a more intensive decrease in the population which today, in the 21st century, acquires greater dimensions (-4,7%o in 2002), creating not only disturbances in the demographic, but also in the economic-social structures. Taking into account the far-developed process of demographic ageing of the population of Vojvodina and the accepted reproductive norms implying a low fertility (giving birth to a smaller number of children or only one child) which does not ensure even the simple reproduction of the population, one cannot expect - in spite of the present immigrational processes (the inflow of refugees) and the absolute increase in the population (between the previous two censuses) - significantly more favourable population trends and a better prospective demographic picture of Vojvodina.

The article examines the role and place, the peculiarities of functioning of one of the most specifi c groups of the Soviet society of the clergy. A brief digression is given concerning the policy of the Soviet government in relation to the Muslim clergy of the subregion. It is emphasized that this group in the fi rst Soviet decades went through a diffi cult path from a strategic partner of the young Soviet government, which made a signifi cant contribution to its victory in the subregion under consideration, to a principled opponent subjected to repression. It is noted that during the Great Patriotic War, despite the fundamental changes in the sphere of state- confessional relations, there was a break in the continuity of generations of ministers of worship in the republic, as a result of which a personnel vacuum was formed. It is associated with the specifi cs of the religious policy of the occupation authorities. The sources of recruitment of the Muslim clergy of the period of the 40–80s of the 20th century, their origin, educational level, role and place in the society of the subregion are analyzed. The statements and conclusions put forward are supported by archival documents. In conclusion, it is concluded that, despite the low level of preparedness and narrowed functionality, the Muslim clergy of Kabardino- Balkaria of the historical period under consideration fulfi lled the role of the guardian of religious knowledge and traditions. Thus, it played an important role in maintaining household religiosity, the level of which in these years continued to remain quite high.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. ; Src family non-receptor tyrosine kinases play a prominent role in multiple cellular processes, including: cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, stress response, and cell adhesion and migration, among others. And when deregulated by mutations, overexpression, and/or the arrival of faulty incoming signals, its hyperactivity contributes to the development of hematological and solid tumors. c-Src is a prototypical member of this family of kinases, which is highly regulated by a set of phosphorylation events. Other factor contributing to the regulation of Src activity appears to be mediated by the Ca2+ signal generated in cells by different effectors, where the Ca2+-receptor protein calmodulin (CaM) plays a key role. In this report we demonstrate that CaM directly interacts with Src in both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2 +-independent manners in vitro and in living cells, and that the CaM antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) inhibits the activation of this kinase induced by the upstream activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in human carcinoma epidermoide A431 cells, and by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, in both A431 cells and human breast adenocarcinoma SK-BR-3 cells. Furthermore, we show that the Ca2+/CaM complex strongly activates the auto-phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity of c-Src toward exogenous substrates, but most relevantly and for the first time, we demonstrate that Ca2+-free CaM (apo-CaM) exerts a far higher activatory action on Src auto-phosphorylation and kinase activity toward exogenous substrates than the one exerted by the Ca2+/CaM complex. This suggests that a transient increase in the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ is not an absolute requirement for CaM-mediated activation of Src in living cells, and that a direct regulation of Src by apo-CaM could be inferred. ; This work was funded by grants to AV from the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (SAF2011-23494 & SAF2014-52048-R), the Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid (S2011/BMD-2349), the CSIC program iCOOP+ 2014 (COOPA20053), and the European Commission (contract PITN-GA-2011-289033). SRS received funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 under REA grant agreement n° PITN-GA-2011-289033. VS and GB were supported by fellowship and grants from the Consejo de Desarrollo Científico y Humanístico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (03-00-6057-2005 & PG-03-8728-2013) and Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (P-2011000884) ; Peer Reviewed

Freedom of Conscience and the Democratic Principles Reflected in the Evangelical Music of the 20th Century

This study investigated the intensity and spatial distribution of precipitation anomalies in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) during the 20th century by analyzing the influence of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in its three phases. Reanalyzes from the University of Delaware (V5) were used. Precipitation anomalies were divided into three zones (Campaign, Plateau, Coast) to investigate possible differences in precipitation under ENSO influence. Alexandersson's Standard Normal Homogeneity Test was applied to verify possible structural breaks. Wavelets were used to rate the periodicity of precipitation anomalies into three phases. Anomalies that occurred in El Niño and La Niña phases were classified in contingency tables as weak, average, and strong to evaluate the qualitative behavior of these precipitation anomalies. It was found that precipitation anomalies presented a structural break in 1955 when the tendency to positive anomalies increased. From 1955, precipitation anomalies increased at least 0.5 standard deviation while the frequency of these anomalies decreased from 85 to 60 months. Peaks of positive anomalies in El Niño were higher than 200 mm. In neutral cases, anomalies intensified in 0.5 standard deviation since 1970. Negative anomalies did not show specific behavior in any ENSO phase. Contingency tables indicated that La Niña events did not present any visible influence pattern. It could intensify the episodes of positive and negative precipitation anomalies in at least 0.5 (-0.5) standard deviation. Therefore, La Niña events could increase or decrease the monthly anomaly but do not show any tendency to negative anomalies. Weak El Niños tends to contribute to negative precipitation anomalies while strong cases are associated with an average increase of 2 standard deviations in positive anomalies. It was concluded that the influence of ENSO in RS is stronger in El Niño than in La Niña. Still, both may induce negative and positive anomalies, depending on the intensity of each case. Wavelet analysis revealed that cycles that did not coincide with El Niño/La Niña showed an increase (decrease) of 0.5 (-0.5) standard deviation is positive (negative) anomalies. The increase of anomalies in neutral phases indicated that other climatic variability modes and the intensity of meteorological events decreased the 25 and 43 months cycles and increased the precipitation in RS.

English translation of book title: 'C. Snouck Hungronje's Advice during his posting as public advisor under the Dutch East Indies Government (1889-1936)'. Published in Jakarta by INIS [Indonesia-Netherlands Cooperation in Islamic Studies] publishers in 1990. This book is held by the Music Archive of Monash University (MAMU) as part of their Lance Castles Collection. Please contact MAMU to view the book.