An examination of the lives and work of four early leaders in social work practice demonstrates two uses of history. First, it can advance the formation of a sense of professional identity, and, second, it can bolster both practitioners' and students' understanding of contemporary tensions in social work practice.
Computational Social Choice is an interdisciplinary research area involving Economics, Political Science, and Social Science on the one side, and Mathematics and Computer Science (including Artificial Intelligence and Multiagent Systems) on the other side. Typical computational problems studied in this field include the vulnerability of voting procedures against attacks, or preference aggregation in multi-agent systems. Parameterized Algorithmics is a subfield of Theoretical Computer Science seeking to exploit meaningful problem-specific parameters in order to identify tractable special cases of in general computationally hard problems. In this paper, we propose nine of our favorite research challenges concerning the parameterized complexity of problems appearing in this context.
A lo largo de la década de los 90, numerosos países de América Latina y el Caribe vivieron el inicio de un nuevo ciclo de protestas sociales que, en cuestionamiento de las políticas neoliberales imperantes, fue protagonizado en gran medida por movimientos sociales y populares distintos de aquellos que habían ocupado la escena de la contestación social en décadas pasadas. Esta irrupción en la ciudadela de la gobernabilidad política neoliberal de los sectores sociales más castigados por la aplicación de este recetario (campesinos e indígenas, los sin trabajo y sin tierra, los trabajadores y sectores urbanos empobrecidos) no sólo abrió nuevos horizontes de futuro -agrietando la hegemonía del pensamiento único- sino que significó también el desarrollo de una intensa experimentación democrática, de reconstitución de alternativas societales, de reapropiación social de lo público y revitalización y ampliación de la autonomía que caracterizaron la emergencia de estos movimientos.
Purpose:Virtue theorists debate qualities of society leading to human flourishing. Thus, aspects of scholarship on virtue theory may refine conceptualization of social good. We focus on the virtue of solidarity and its contributions to the ethical foundations of social good, providing a core connection to macro-level social work interventions and settings.Methods:We first identify a theoretical gap in the conceptual framework of social good, then use virtue theory and the example of solidarity to connect the concept of social good to social work professional values and macro practice.Results:Our primary critique of the concept of social good is the lack of a sufficient ethical frame that addresses social justice, value foundations, or power analysis.Discussion:Without this, the discussion of social good lacks tools needed to critically assess relevant systems of change and innovative technologies. Consequently, the work of social good risks reinforcing existing status quo and oppressive systems.
Being in full support of asking the question, "Do social workers make better child welfare workers?" we must be open to what we might find. It may bring us closer to what practices work and what practices do not work for children and families. By framing the issue in this way, we remove the debate about social worker usefulness in child welfare and move toward advancing the field of child welfare. Perhaps child welfare is child welfare and not social work; perhaps social workers do child welfare better than those with different educational backgrounds. We do not now. Grappling with this question should push all social workers (administrators, researchers, clinicians, practitioners, community organizers, and case managers) to advocate for necessary system change so that more focused studies can be done to improve practice to better help the children and families.
"The book is part of the 5-volume series "German Social Policy", a unique multidisciplinary approach to the history of German social policy written by the doyens of their respective disciplines. The volumes expound the contribution of the German tradition to the rise of social policy in the Western world in the 19th and 20th centuries. Germany pioneered modern social policy in the 19th century when Bismarck introduced social insurance. After the Second World War, Germany's Social Market Economy became a model of social integration. The volumes cover the history of ideas (volume 1), the legal and political history before and after 1945 (volumes 2 and 3), the German Democratic Republic (1949-1990) and the impact of German reunification (1990) (volume 4). Volume 5 embeds the German case in a major comparative study of European welfare states, complemented by a study of the USA and the Soviet Union. The volumes also yield insights into general theoretical issues of social policy beyond the empirical case of Germany. Each volume has an introduction by the editor who summarizes the contribution made by the volumes and looks into the future of German social policy. This book traces the origins of the German welfare state. The author, formerly director at the Max-Planck-Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt, provides a perceptive overview of the history of social security and social welfare in Germany from early modern times to the end of World War II, including Bismarck's pioneering introduction of social insurance in the 1880s. The author unravels "layers" of social security that have piled up in the course of history and, so he argues, still linger in the present-day welfare state. The account begins with the first efforts by public authorities to regulate poverty and then proceeds to the "social question" that arose during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. World War I had a major impact on the development of social security, both during the war and after, through the exigencies of the war economy, inflation and unemployment. The ruptures as well as the continuities of social policy under National Socialism and World War II are also investigated."--Publisher's website
Abstract: This article examines how social media are used in the administration of Justice and if they improve service quality. Based on three principles of open government-transparency, participation and collaboration—an analytical model is proposed applicable to interactive communication in the judicial branch, and the performance of the official profiles is recorded for the Facebook, Twitter and YouTube accounts of five State Judicial Systems in the U.S. Although the courts adopt social media strategies with less hesitation, more attention is paid to the risks, and the digital relationship with citizens is mainly top-down for delivery information. This approach leads to a reflection about the extent to which online judiciary collaboration with citizens is possible, considering that its main purpose is to solve disputes. At the same time, it discusses if an integrated user-centric content policy might be appropriate for strengthening its service.
This article offers economic and sociological theory of trust, embodying the idea of "social capital" by James Coleman. It also analyzes empirical data on personal and institutional trust obtained on the basis of nationwide opinion poll in the project "Comparative studies of trust in different countries during the period of globalization". The problem of trust is considered in the context of the international projects "World Values Survey" and "Trust Barometer" which made it possible to construct a mental world map of personal and institutional trust for various countries. It is shown that Russia has not a low, but a medium level of trust. In the mental world map some patterns were presented that reflect the basic trust as a form of social capital.
This effort investigated if accelerated promotions have outpaced the ability of noncommissioned officers (NCOs) to gain the depth and breadth of experience and maturity needed to meet the challenges confronting today's Drill Sergeants (DSs) and Drill Sergeant Leaders (DSLs). This research focused on differences in NCO training and Army experiences, personality and demographic characteristics, and performance as a DS as rated by peers, leaders, and themselves. DSs, Company Commanders, and First Sergeants from 31 basic training Companies participated. This effort was also extended to the Drill Sergeant School in order to determine the impact of promotion timing on DSL performance. Results indicate that few differences exist between accelerated and nonaccelerated promotion NCOs and these few differences generally reflect favorably on accelerated promotion DSs and DSLs. Moreover, these differences were more easily predicted by other characteristics, such as age, rank, and MOS division, than promotion timing. Recommendations for improving DS training are discussed. ; "Army project number 633007A792."--P. iii. ; "January 2011." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). ; This effort investigated if accelerated promotions have outpaced the ability of noncommissioned officers (NCOs) to gain the depth and breadth of experience and maturity needed to meet the challenges confronting today's Drill Sergeants (DSs) and Drill Sergeant Leaders (DSLs). This research focused on differences in NCO training and Army experiences, personality and demographic characteristics, and performance as a DS as rated by peers, leaders, and themselves. DSs, Company Commanders, and First Sergeants from 31 basic training Companies participated. This effort was also extended to the Drill Sergeant School in order to determine the impact of promotion timing on DSL performance. Results indicate that few differences exist between accelerated and nonaccelerated promotion NCOs and these few differences generally reflect favorably on accelerated promotion DSs and DSLs. Moreover, these differences were more easily predicted by other characteristics, such as age, rank, and MOS division, than promotion timing. Recommendations for improving DS training are discussed. ; Contract or grant no. : W74V8H-04D-0045, Delivery Order 0037. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Résumé Cet article souhaite rendre raison de l'intense activité critique des Médecins sans frontières dans une perspective différente du modèle des Économies de la grandeur (de L. Boltanski et L. Thévenot, 1991) et qui devrait permettre d'en dessiner le périmètre de pertinence : en interrogeant son organisation sociale. Nous étudierons donc les tactiques, les dispositifs et la structure des échanges qui rendent la critique possible, voire contraignante à MSF pour en venir aux effets de son déploiement : à la violence mais aussi aux gratifications dont elle se nourrit et qu'elle alimente en retour. En s'intéressant à la manière dont une institution conditionne des pratiques critiques, notre étude se veut une sociologie du militantisme mais aussi une invitation à repenser les formes et les conditions de possibilité de la critique.
Sociology is about society, but what about people? The person in the sight of sociology is all too often a matchstick being. In this original and stimulating book the person is characterized by what is inherent in a social being, and the result is a rich narrative, the story of the person told through events in life. The author holds that for sociological purposes, the person must be seen as perfect: perfectible, perfecting and perfect. He outlines the 'trialectical' nature of such a theory, offers a test of it in the making of madness and claims that such a change in vision is appropriate for
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This research investigates the relationship between the extent of employees' social interaction and their perceptions of job characteristics. Employees' perceptions were compared with the perceptions of task characteristics made by an outside observer, whose perceptions were not subject to the same social influence processes. The results indicated that the perceptions of employees who were more central to communication networks, boundary-spanning employees, and employees close to the organization's boundaries were more similar to the perceptions of the outside observer. These results were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that increased social interaction leads to a convergence of perceptions, such that the perceptions are more similar to observable reality. The hypotheses and results are discussed in terms of social information-processing models and previous laboratory findings.
