"This book offers comprehensive coverage of various aspects of financial accountability around the EU budget - how it is spent via policies, how institutions engage in checking policy performance (what taxpayers' money actually delivers), and therein, the issues of monitoring, controlling, auditing, scrutinising and communicating budgetary expenditure. Presenting conceptual and theoretical approaches including financial accountability, learning, multi-level governance, implementation and throughput legitimacy, it looks at EU institutions (European Parliament, European Court of Auditors, European Ombudsman, European Public Prosecutor's Office) and national bodies (supreme audit institutions at the national level), examining their contact with the EU budget. It details the historical development of accountability mechanisms (the 'statement of assurance', financial corrections, and parliamentary oversight by the Budgetary Control committee (CONT)), and examines policy areas such as Cohesion, Structural Funds and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), exploring the challenges of financial accountability in practice. Given the recent introduction of non-budgetary financial instruments and tools only partly financed by the EU budget, it sheds light on new burgeoning areas such as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI) and the challenges they bring for ensuring the accountability of public money. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of audit and evaluation, budgetary spending and financial control, and more broadly, public administration, public policy and EU institutions and politics"--
The discussion of the "future of Europe" has become the European Union's lifelong companion. It has evolved in successive phases. The current one has been shaped by the 2008 financial crisis and the "great recession" which it had provoked, as well as a number of more recent developments such as those created by USA policies. The great recession caused havoc everywhere, and brought to the surface several issues which had been simmering for many years. No member state was immune to its effects, but some suffered more than others. The southern EU countries, particularly Greece, saw their financial systems shaken to the foundations: economies contracting; public debt soaring; unemployment, especially among the young, rising to historic proportions; poverty and hardships becoming the new norm for sections of their societies. The fundamental financial support provided by the European Union during the financial crises came with strings, which some saw as being too stringent, not fairly applied to all countries, and restraining the room for manoeuvring to support the most vulnerable. This led to public anger, governments were dethroned and newer, often fringe parties, came to the fore. Populism grew rapidly and Euroscepticism increased. ; peer-reviewed
PURPOSE: The paper examines the links between eco-innovation, economic performance and international competitiveness of European Union enterprises. ; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: It presents a comparative cross-country analysis based on the data of representative sample of enterprises from European Union members states from 2012-2014 Community Innovation Survey. The empirical results are based on the Path Analysis. ; FINDINGS: The results show that the eco-innovation plays an important role in increasing international competitiveness of firms, and has a positive impact on its intellectual property. However, the link between eco-innovation and firms' economic growth is not revealed. ; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Governments' efforts should be directed not only at changing the current eco-regulations, and eco-policies, but also at respective transforming the institutional environment, promoting green education, and shaping citizens' as well as businesses' commitment to sustainable objectives. ; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research points out on the positive link between international competitiveness and firms economic performance. More importantly, we find also evidence that international competitiveness act as a mediating variable between the introduction of eco-innovation and firms economic performance, which is still underdeveloped in the economic literature. ; peer-reviewed
Останнім часом зростає значення міжнародної співпраці у сфері освіти, використання передового досвіду закладів вищої освіти країн Євросоюзу. Наголошується, що важливу роль у мотиваційному процесі заохочення як механізму впливу на професійне самовдосконалення викладачів іноземних мов відіграє своя, діяча в кожній країні Євросоюзу, система заохочень. Системи заохочень відображають як професійну діяльність окремої особистості, так і історичний розвиток країни. Заохочення є позитивно стимулюючим впливом на потреби, інтереси, свідомість, волю, поведінку викладачів іноземної мови, а також на результати їх праці. Заохочення викликає зацікавленість особистості в отримані певних соціальних благ і використовується у випадках досягнення результатів у своїй професійній діяльності. ; Recently, the importance of international cooperation in education, the use of the best practices of higher education institutions in the European Union, the development of pedagogical skills and professional activities to organize the process of foreign language teaching has been growing, so the issue of encouragement as a mechanism of influence on the professional development of foreign language teachers is relevant. It is noted that organization of higher education in the European Union has both much in common and in different. It is stated that the professional development of foreign language teachers in the European Union is a dynamic and continuous process that lasts throughout their activities. An important place is given to the motivation of teachers to self-improvement in order to achieve the highest level of professionalism. Teachers' self-improvement allows them to deepen their professional competence by understanding the social and cultural dimensions of education, based on their own needs and requirements of society. It is determined that any culture finds its unique reflection in the language, as well as in the study of the cultural heritage of the people, which is enshrined in their language as a reflection of the spiritual world of humans and their culture. It is emphasized that an important role in the motivational process of encouragement as a mechanism for influencing the professional selfimprovement of foreign language teachers is played by the current system of encouragements in each European Union country. Encouragement systems reflect both the professional activity of an individual and the historical development of the country. Encouragement is a positive stimulating effect on the needs, interests, consciousness, will, behavior of foreign language teachers, as well as on the results of their work. Encouragement arouses the interest of the individual in obtaining certain social benefits and is used in cases of achieving results in own professional activities. Encouragement is used for successful performance of professional duties, important tasks, long-term work and is a mechanism of influence on the development of professional self-improvement. The analysis of scientific works on the problem under research shows that in the European Union countries national educational traditions are combined, that the motivational process for self-improvement depends on individual characteristics, age, pedagogical experience, scientific degree, position and is encouraged by the relevant stimulating moral (expression of gratitude, rewarding with certificate of appreciation, etc.) and material (rewarding with a gift, additional payments, financial awards, grants, etc.) systems of payment for work. The system of additional payments is non-uniform not only in the universities of different European Union countries, but also within a specific higher education institution. Teachers can be nominated for state awards for outstanding merit to the country. State awards are the highest form of recognition for high merit in the development of education, science, economy, culture. State awards are established exclusively by the laws of each country.
The dissertation focuses on access and conservation measures of fisheries management in the Gulf of Guinea and European Union countries and also analyses the perception of resource users.
"This book explores what drives value politics and the way in which it redraws political conflict at EU level. Based on case studies and analyses of statistical data, the book shows what the uses and roles of values have been at EU level over the past decades in both market-related policies and in identity, cultural and morality policies. It challenges the common assumption that the latter is more driven by value conflicts. The research shows the intrinsic similarities between all policy areas regarding the agency and limits of values as drivers of change or continuity. It argues that European values are a broad and flexible symbolic repertoire instrumentalised to serve as a resource for mobilization, legitimation/delegitimation, the conquest and conservation of power. This book will be of key interest to both scholars and students in European studies/politics, comparative politics, public policy, political theory, sociology and cultural studies, as well as appealing to professionals of European affairs within and around the EU institutions"--
Introduction / Nengye Liu, Elizbeth A. Kirk and Tore Henriksen -- Formulating a cross-cutting policy : challenges and opportunities for effective EU Arctic policy-making / Adam Stepien and Timo Koivurova -- The EU crossing Arctic frontiers : the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, Northern dimension, and EU-West Nordic relations / Alyson J.K. Bailes and Kristmundur Olafsson -- Strengthening the European Union : Greenland's relationship for enhanced governance of the Arctic / Mar Campins Eritja -- Partners or rivals' Norway and the European Union in the High North / Andreas Osthagen and Andreas Raspotnik -- Searching for common ground in evolving Canadian and EU Arctic strategies / P. Whitney Lackenbauer and Suzanne Lalonde -- Russian Arctic policy, petroleum resources development, and the EU : cooperation or coming confrontation? / Tina Hunter -- Gauging US and EU seal regimes in the Arctic against Inuit sovereignty / Michael Fakhri -- The European Union and Arctic shipping / Henrik Ringbom -- The European Union's potential contribution to the governance of high sea fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean / Nengye Liu -- On thin Ice, Arctic indigenous communities, the European Union, and the sustainable use of marine mammals / Martin Hennig and Richard Caddell -- Joint approaches and best practices : an integrated and coherent EU Arctic policy in support of Articles 208 and 214 UNCLOS / Henning Jessen -- Conclusion / Nengye Liu, Elizabeth A. Kirk and Tore Henriksen
