"Though the Alps may appear to be a peaceful place, the famed mountains once provided the backdrop for a political, environmental, and cultural battle as Germany and Austria struggled to modernize. Tait Keller examines the mountains' threefold role in transforming the two countries, as people sought respite in the mountains, transformed and shaped them according to their needs, and over time began to view them as national symbols and icons of individualism" --
Après l'intervention américaine de 2003 en Irak, le représentant du gouvernement américain, Paul Bremer, a pensé reconstruire l'Irak sur de nouvelles bases, après celles que les Britanniques avaient édifiées en 1921. Justifiée par des arguments fallacieux, cette intervention militaire de 2003 a de fait laissé la place au chaos humain tandis que, sur le plan politique, le rêve de Paul Bremer a viré au cauchemar. Cet article a pour ambition de revenir sur ce « péché originel » qui constitue manifestement la genèse du chaos irakien.
AbstractYouth engagement is a critical dimension of youth development where the youth population engages in social action. In Kuwait, the patriarchal and hierarchical social structure has rendered youth participation and civic and community engagement a slow and elusive experience with notable effects on the economic trajectory of the country in an era of "youth bulge" in the Kuwaiti society. Despite an extensive cradle‐to‐grave welfare system, the presence of skilled and knowledge workers among the Kuwaiti population is negligible, undermining long‐term prospects of economic growth and development. As a result of increased use of the Internet and social media, there are growing calls for greater freedoms and reform of the traditional socioeconomic structure among the youth. Contextualizing from a historical perspective, this article comparatively analyzes the various contexts of youth participation in the pre‐ and post‐oil Kuwait, examines the socioeconomic transformation of Kuwait during and after the Gulf War of 1991, and reviews the current challenges of community participation among the youth and outlines a series of recommendations for the way forward.
