Suchergebnisse

The author examines Romanian Russian-language publications by the representatives of literary traditionalism issued after the Second World War. The article reveals the features of Romanian literary traditionalism and the specifics of its reflection in the large magazine "Mysl", which was the main printing body of this trend in the period between the two World wars. The article presents the history and landmarks of this magazine. The author explains complicated post-war political course attitude towards literature, aspirations of which often did not coincide with the requirements of the time. The paper concludes about the positive and negative sides of the publications of traditionalist writers in the 1960s — 1980s, where the very possibility of such publications was a positive event, and the negative one was the concealment of a much larger number of unpublished parts of the heritage of Romanian literary traditionalism behind a small number of publications. From the circle of authors of the "Mysl" magazine, successive traditionalist writers are singled out, whose works in the post-war period were published in translations into Russian. Within the framework of Romanian literary traditionalism, the author distinguishes its main directions — autochthonism and expressionism. The analysis of the differences and similarities between them is supported by the consideration of the texts of the works of representatives of both directions, reflected in Russian translations. The paper concludes on the complex three-part model of Romanian literary traditionalism, the core of which is the concept of "village"; and the author highlights the features of interaction of all the components around the centre of this model. The relevance of the article is due to the small number and inaccessibility of these publications caused by the one-time and olden publications abroad, rare publications in our country and the lack of republications.

The concept of multivectorism is the basis of the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Multivectorism is also the framework within which Kazakhstan carries out its foreign policy in international organizations and integrational institutions. However, the implementation of this aspect of its foreign policy within the UN General Assembly has not yet been studied. To examine the concept of multivectorism, the author analyzes Kazakhstan's voting cohesion with Russia, China, the USA, Turkey, and Germany in the UNGA from 2007-2022. The author also studies Kazakhstan's behavior in situations where it voted opposite the way these countries voted. This article analyzes, among other things, the voting cohesion of Kazakhstan and the other countries in question on particular topics, such as disarmament, decolonization, human rights, development issues, armed conflicts, etc., as well as Kazakhstan voting patterns on key resolutions relating to armed conflicts involving the Russian Federation. As a result of quantitative and qualitative analysis of more than 1300 resolutions, the author comes to the conclusion that the main "vector" of Kazakhstan's foreign policy is China. Not Russia, despite Russia formally enjoying the status of Kazakhstan's declared key ally. Kazakhstan shares the highest voting cohesion with China (to a lesser extent with Russia, Turkey, and Germany, and only minimally with the United States). Moreover, when China and the other countries under examination vote in opposition to one another, Kazakhstan's votes were more often in accordance with the Chinese position. The author argues that Kazakhstan also avoids explicit support for the Russian Federation in voting on resolutions related to armed conflicts involving Russia. This is further manifested in the Republic of Kazakhstan's voting on resolutions related to the conflict in Ukraine. However, the reasons for the high level of voting cohesion between China and Kazakhstan in the UNGA require further research.

The article deals with the need to further improvement of the functioning of the political system of modern Ukrainian society. The relevance of this task is determined by the severity of manifestations of opposition from higher authorities. Today, there is a rather complex and contradictory system of relations between the institution of the head of state and the supreme bodies of all branches of power in Ukraine. The most acute contradictions have developed in the executive branch, which are manifested primarily in the relations between the Office of the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The author substantiates the objectively existing need to develop new theoretical foundations and define practical tasks for modernizing the political system of modern Ukrainian society. At the same time, the author prioritizes measures to harmonize the foundations of a particular form of government with the most effective practices of organization. The author emphasizes that there are a number of contradictions inherent in the regulatory framework, which significantly complicate the organization of interaction between the supreme bodies of all branches of government. It is emphasized that the process of further development of the political system of Ukrainian society requires a thorough restructuring of the regulatory framework for the organization and functioning of the leading political institutions of modern Ukrainian society. First of all, improvement of the regulatory framework for interaction between the branches of power in Ukraine should be aimed at overcoming the manifestations of power dualism enshrined in the powers of all supreme bodies of state power. The author substantiates the tasks of regulatory support for the main directions of optimization of the political system of Ukrainian society through a more complete implementation of one of the classical forms of government.

In the paper, the author discusses the normative aspects of the misdemeanor of violent driving from Articles 41 and 329 of the Law on Road Traffic Safety. After the introductory remarks, the legal regulations were analyzed and it was pointed out that, in the opinion of the author, the misdemeanor manifests itself in several forms. Controversial issues arising from the legal norming of misdemeanor and causing dilemmas in practice are defined. Normative aspects of misdemeanor are viewed through the theoretical institutes of unity of action, concurrence of misdemeanors and misdemeanor of extended duration. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the nature of the misdemeanor regulated by Article 41 paragraph 1, which is controversial because it is not precisely defined and leaves a possibility for different interpretations, in contrast to Article 41 paragraph 2 in which the legislator prescribed four alternative acts of execution that represent violent driving. The practical implications of situations when the perpetrator fulfills at least two of the four stipulated conditions from Article 41 paragraph 2, the relationship between the two forms of misdemeanor, as well as the conditions for the existence of a misdemeanor in an extended duration and a more serious form of misdemeanor were considered. The author also analyzed the question of the concurrence of misdemeanor violent driving and other traffic misdemeanors, defining the criteria by which an answer can be given to the question of when there is a concurrence of misdemeanors, and when there is a natural unity of action and iterative realization of the essence of the violent driving misdemeanor. Supporting the argumentation with examples from judicial practice, the author concluded that de lege ferenda the considered misdemeanor should be more precisely regulated normatively in order to avoid wandering in judicial practice.

Prevention and ethnic conflicts resolution is an urgent task both at the level of theory and political practice. To solve it, institutional measures are used, including the design of a form of government. The purpose of the article is to determine the state of study of the problem of the relationship between forms of government and ethnic conflicts, mainly in contemporary foreign political science. The author proceeds from the idea that the form of government as an institutional structure affects the emergence, flow, and termination of ethnic conflicts, but at the same time it should be considered as one of the variables along with the electoral system and form of government. The article notes the contradictory nature of the theoretical positions of supporters of different approaches - consociationalism centripetalism and power-dividing approach. The most common point of view that a parliamentary system is more suitable for a multi-ethnic society is criticized. The author emphasizes the importance of conscious design of forms of government, aimed at abandoning the "pure" presidential and parliamentary systems and the creation of atypical institutions, which are given some attention in the article. Empirical studies using statistical methods have been carried out in recent years to identify the relationship between forms of government and ethnic conflicts. The author evaluates them and introduces the reader to the results of his own research using correlation and regression analysis. He concludes that the hypothesis about the influence of the form of government on ethnic conflicts requires further empirical testing on a large array of cases over a long period of time. At the end of the article, an analysis is given of the main methodological problems that researchers face when conducting a comparative study of ethnic conflicts and their relationship with political institutions. The author concludes that the problem of the relationship between forms of government and ethnic conflicts has not yet been resolved in political science.

This article analyses the graphic novel Orwell (2019) by French authors Pierre Christin and Sebastian Verdier from the point of view of its genre affiliation, i.e. a dystopia. The author aims to reveal the dystopian characteristics of the texts of this genre in the twentieth century and their transformation in the texts of the early twenty-first century. The author of the article presents an analysis of the graphic novel which examines the history, life, and conditionality of the life position of the writer George Orwell in relation to the reality of his most famous novel, 1984 (1948). In accordance with the aim, the author uses the analysis and synthesis of theoretical information regarding dystopia as a genre, as well as structural-typological and comparative methods as research methods. As a result of the analysis, the author reveals the following characteristics of dystopia in the biographical graphic novel about the life of the English writer: the image of the anti-humanistic society which Orwell lived in, his loneliness and detachment as a confrontation with the imperfect surrounding world filled with fear and despair, the writer's fight with a totalitarian world order, and the opposition of violence and love. A distinctive characteristic of the graphic novel was the combination of Orwell's image with the images of rebels from his dystopias which allowed the authors, P. Christen and S. Verdier, to present the English writer as a person struggling with an unacceptable world order with the help of literature. The authors of the early twenty-first century consider Orwell a prophetic figure and bring the writer to the foreground of their graphic novel, thus emphasising the continuity of his views in modern literature which also often shows dystopian features that characterise the instability of the present which we exist in.

This article deals with the historical and geographical analysis of the description of the "Route from the Varangians to the Greeks" — a key reference point in the system of spatial coordinates of the Primary Chronicle. The author reconsiders the "ultra-philological" approaches to this description and the cosmographic introduction of the Primary Chronicle as a purely literary (and manuscript) reality and argues in favor of the real geographical basis of the passage about the "Route from the Varangians to the Greeks". Contrary to the traditional historiographical idea, the scheme mainly reflects not the water, but the overland route covered by the hypothetical author of this passage. Firstly, this is indicated by the obvious view of the "Route from the Varangians to the Greeks" "from land" (волоки), and not "from the river / sea". Secondly, the medieval word usage of the term "волок" in the sense of a land route through a vast watershed space and at the same time about this space itself, which finds analogies not only in Old Russian sources but also in at least one medieval Icelandic text. The author draws a comparison of the building activity of prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich with his special attitude to the cult of Andrew the Apostle which makes it possible to assume that the author of the description of the "Route from the Varangians to the Greeks" was Metropolitan Ephrem of Pereyaslavl. Being of Greek origin, Ephrem entered the close circle of Vsevolod Yaroslavich after his marriage to the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos. Ephrem personally made a journey along the "route from the Varangians to the Greeks" and left a topographically detailed description typical of Greek (Byzantine) culture, i.e. an eye-witness observation. In accordance with Christian cosmography, his task was to "normalize" the vast territory of Rus' which had never been part of the universal Roman imperial (and later Christian) order.

The main goal of the article is to find out how traditional phenomenological solutions to the problem of intersubjectivity should be transformed in connection with the formation of digital reality. In order to expose this issue, the author undertakes a reconstruction of the basic ontological properties of digital objects, as well as an analysis of the main phenomenological approaches to the problem of intersubjectivity (basing on the material of the theories of the Other in Husserl and Heidegger). In the course of the study, the author found that, on the one hand, some contemporary phenomenological authors consider the ability to combine the constitutive properties of thing and non-thing as one of the basic features of the digital objects. On the other hand, they believe that the relations are also of very significance for the proper being of digital objects. As a result of the analysis of the theories of the Other in Husserl and Heidegger, the author highlights that Husserl understands the constitution of the Other in the framework of so-called appresentative model. On the contrary, Heidegger believes that the Other is always primarily given from the common-shared world. Finally, the author shows that both considered classical phenomenological models of the constitution of intersubjectivity cannot be fully applicable for investigation of intersubjectivity after the formation of digital reality as a special ontological region. The appresentative model turns out to be unsuitable, since in the digital age the givenness of the body of the Other can become completely mediated by digital representations of this body. The Heideggerian model, which interprets the givenness of the Other from the common-use of available ready-to-hand entities with him, may also not give the desired result, since the secondary ready-to-handiness of digital tools turns out to be capable of interrupting the interconnections of the of the primary ready-to-handiness.

Background. The importance of the research topic is due to legislative changes in Ukrainian copyright in connection with the approximation to EU law. The purpose of this study is to highlight the current problems of the author's right to remuneration for private copying and reprography. It is proposed to take into account the case law of the EU Court of Justice on the collection and payment of fair remuneration for private copying and reprography when implementing the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in terms of the criteria for calculating the amount of remuneration. Methods. The research was conducted using the methods of comparison and analysis. Results. The following criteria are defined: legal or illegal source of downloading of the object, protection of the work by technical means of protection, economic feasibility, correlation with the price level of the media or device, and exclusion of professional equipment. The author concludes that in certain cases, the mechanisms of statutory remuneration, which is defined in the law of Ukraine through the concept of "fair remuneration", provide right holders with income for the use of works permitted by law, including for reproduction of works for personal purposes ("private copying"). The author identifies the reasons and ways to solve the problem of the inefficiency of private copying provisions in Ukrainian legislation. The author provides a general description of the provisions of Ukrainian copyright in terms of restrictions on the author's exclusive rights, and then defines the current understanding of the EU copyright concepts which have been implemented in national legislation, namely, fair remuneration and certain elements of private copying. Conclusions. The author recommends that CMOs should apply the criteria established by the EU Court of Justice for the formation of draft tariffs for private copying, as well as the introduction of the obligation of CMOs to inform users about the criteria used to determine specific tariffs in the form of an independent empirical study.

The article is dedicated to the issues of professional socialisation of legal students in modern Russia. The relevance of this research topic is defined by the meaningfulness of the successful formation of professional legal culture among legal students while studying at university and professional socialisation from the perspective of increasing the overall level of legal culture in the society and the efficiency of its legal institutions. The latter contains especially topical social and practical aspects for the contemporary Russian society which still experiences the consequences of social anomia and weakened legal control describing the initial period of system reforms. Making an attempt to solve the task, the author resorts to the methodology of Parson's structural functional approach, as well as to the socio-cultural approach. The author gives a detailed review of functional and role specific features of legal community and their value for modern developed society. According to the author's opinion, effective formation of professional legal culture while studying at university is required to provide the functionality of lawyers which first and foremost is related to comprehension of the rule of law as the highest professional value. Within this framework legal students are considered as representatives of young generation of Russian people. The author is pointing at the dominance of pragmatic and individualistic mindset when they enter legal educational establishments, which creates potential risk for the rule of law to be devalued in their professional motivation. The article underlines the communal value of effective professional socialization of legal students. The author studies the features of educational environment as its agent emphasizing the factors of insufficiency of students' socialization in legal universities from the point of view of shaping the value of the rule of law as the fundamental professional priority

The article is devoted to the circumstances of the creation of Lev Karsavin's work "Spirit and Body", written by him in Lithuanian in the spring of 1952 in a special camp for political prisoners. The article is also about the history of the translation of this work into Russian. The author's manuscript of this work is kept in the archive of the Vilnius University Library. The translation was discovered by the author of the article in Anatoly Vaneev's personal archive, a disciple and follower of Karsavin. The author of the work "Spirit and Body" found it necessary to add one more part and called it "The author's conversation on "Spirit and Body" with a positivist and a skeptic. This additional part in the chronology of its appearance in print was more than three decades ahead of the main text of the work. This complementary and clarifying part of the manuscript was published in scientific editions three decades earlier than the main text. The letters found by the author of the article in the personal archives of Anatoly Vaneev and Vladas Shimkunas allowed us to see how, under conditions of strict supervision and restrictions of imprisonment in Komi ASSR, Stanislav Dobrovolskis carried out a line-by-line translation of Karsavin's work, and Vaneev made a philosophical revision of this formal version of the translation. The author of the article also established the authorship of the first Russian translation of the second work, explanatory part in relation to the main text of the work, and another work by Karsavin "On Perfection". For Russian-speaking researchers of Lev Karsavin's works, both parts of the philosophical diptych acquire meaningful completeness only in their interrelation. The publication of the translation is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of L.P. Karsavin, the 70th anniversary of his death and the 100th anniversary of the birth of A. A. Vaneev

The author in this article raises the topical issue of loneliness. The focus on this phenomenon is linked to the instability and uncertainty of the current sociocultural situation in a rapidly globalizing world. The changes that are taking place in the political, social, cultural and economic spheres of a State, as well as in the world as a whole, have an impact on the structure of interpersonal communication and identity.The author points out that in the 20th century the phenomenon of loneliness is seen through the lens of "extreme situation", in both atheistic and religious existentialism. And in religious existentialism, the loneliness of man in the "extreme situation" is a prerequisite for understanding God as a transcensency, whereas in atheistic terms, the attempt to realize leads to the conclusion of the absurdity of human existence and entails the isolation of man, feeling alone. The article shows that today's realities make it imperative for the individual to mobilize all resources in order to develop adaptive capacities corresponding to a constantly evolving world. But not everyone is capable of accepting previously unfamiliar living conditions. There are many who feel the pain of losing the ties that were important to them, who feel the agony of not being able to acquire new ones, even though they are urgently needed. The text defines a single person as a subject of communication who experiences difficulties in social interaction. The author also shows that loneliness affects an individual in the following way: it can both distort a person's perception of social action and have a positive effect on the individual, contributing to serious spiritual development.The author concludes that loneliness, being a key point of dissatisfaction with oneself and oneself (the position in society), can be an impulse for the need to analyse internal experiences, to understand life's problems and eventually to understand its place in the world.

PurposeThis article aims to analyze the impact that the inclusion of students with disabilities has on the achievement of their schoolmates and to analyze the impact that this inclusion has on the achievement of the students with disabilities themselves.Design/methodology/approachThe author begins investigating how the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools affects achievement of schoolmates. To answer this research question, the author explores the natural variation in time in the number of students with disabilities and use data from National Exam of Upper Secondary Education (Enem). Then, the author investigates how the inclusion affects achievement of the students with disabilities themselves and uses propensity score matching methodologies and, again, data from Enem.FindingsThe results show that an additional percentage point in the proportion of students with disabilities would reduce schoolmates' writing scores by a 0.0031 standard deviation. In other subjects, the author finds weak or none evidence of a significant peer effect. In addition, using Propensity Score Matching methodologies, the results show that the mean scores are up to 44% of a standard deviation, which is higher among students with disabilities enrolled in regular schools compared to those who are enrolled in special schools. In summary, the evaluation is that inclusion policies achieve the goal of improving the performance of students with disabilities but such policies have a small and adverse side effect.Originality/valueFor this reason, the present study proposes to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the impact of the inclusion of students with disabilities on both groups. In addition, this paper contributes to the empirical literature of peer effect with an analysis of the peer effect of students with disabilities per competency. Finally, the article is important given the existence of few articles in Brazil on the topic of education and people with disabilities.

This article examines two poetic translations of Dante Alighieri's "Vita Nuova" by V.S. Solovyov. At the present time, Solovyov's specific experiments of translation are merely considered in the field of literary studies, although a general assessment of them has been given in the past by scholars such as A.F. Losev, Z.G. Mints, T.F. Teperik, A.A. Asoyan and others. The logic underlying the selection of the translated materials might indicate a special attitude of Solovyov in choosing names and works, which are significant for the understanding and realization of the poetry tasks. The author of this article demonstrates that such was the name of Dante Alighieri, which embodied a special myth concerning the spiritual transformation of man through one's love for a woman. This myth was in harmony with the concept of art, as the latter is reflected in many works of the philosopher. The author also proves that Solovyov, who knew Italian language quite well, translates Dante's sonnets rather freely: in this way, he is able to keep the ideological content of the original text while also offering a different Russian translation. The specific character of Solovyov's translations is here considered in comparison with the three other translations of the same sonnets made by the professional linguists and translators: M.I. Liverovskaya, A.M. Efros, and I.N. Golenischev-Kutuzov. The author maintains that the distinctive "Italian" canon of the sonnet genre is preserved in Solovyov's translation: this fact would demonstrate the philosopher's adherence to the European poetic tradition. The article finally analyzes V. Solovyov's translations from the point of view of their connection with his corpus of lyrical poems. In conclusion, the author sums up the basic principles of V.S. Solovyov's translation work and clarifies the nature of the dialogical connection between his poetic heritage and Dante's lyrics.

This essay analyses Thomas Ostermeier's Qui a tué mon père, based on the autobiographical novel by Édouard Louis and staged at the Schaubühne in Berlin on 7 October 2021. Auto- biographical novel, sociological-political essay, pamphlet, play, Qui a tué mon père is also a monologue in which the author accuses the policies of oppression of the weaker social clas- ses, carried out by the French government, responsible for having exposed his father's body to an untimely death. The crucial idea that supports Ostermeier's staging is that the author of the novel is the leading actor of the performance. Édouard Louis plays Édouard Louis. Considering this directorial choice, the character/actor/person relationship determines a particular regime of interpretation in the connections between narration, performance and reality, which allows us to investigate not only the performative quality of autobiographi- cal writing, but also to identify, in this particular form of "sociological laboratory" that is Ostermeier's theatre, a new perspective of political theatre, starting from a process of dramatization of the self. ; This essay analyses Thomas Ostermeier's Qui a tué mon père, based on the autobiographical novel by Édouard Louis and staged at the Schaubühne in Berlin on 7 October 2021. Auto- biographical novel, sociological-political essay, pamphlet, play, Qui a tué mon père is also a monologue in which the author accuses the policies of oppression of the weaker social clas- ses, carried out by the French government, responsible for having exposed his father's body to an untimely death. The crucial idea that supports Ostermeier's staging is that the author of the novel is the leading actor of the performance. Édouard Louis plays Édouard Louis. Considering this directorial choice, the character/actor/person relationship determines a particular regime of interpretation in the connections between narration, performance and reality, which allows us to investigate not only the performative quality of autobiographi- cal writing, ...