We document basic facts about prices in online markets in the United States and Canada, which is a rapidly growing segment of the retail sector. Relative to prices in regular stores, prices in online markets are more flexible and exhibit stronger pass-through (60–75 percent) and faster convergence (half-life less than two months) in response to movements of the nominal exchange rate. Multiple margins of adjustment are active in the process of responding to nominal exchange rate shocks. Properties of goods, sellers, and markets are systematically related to pass-through and the speed of price adjustment for international price differentials. (JEL F31, F41, L11, L81)
Economic outcomes of former Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs) and former international students (ISs) are compared to those of Skilled Worker Principal Applicants who have no Canadian experience at the time of landing. Controlling for only variables from the immigration points system, former TFWs have both higher earnings and employment rates, while ISs are no lower. When models are estimated separately by gender, male immigrants who were former TFWs have superior outcomes. Overall, the evidence provides support for the Canadian Experience Class in that former TFW, and to a lesser extent IS, status provides signals regarding immigrants' labour market integration.
This article develops the argument that peacebuilding brings into play microphysical and nonsovereign forms of power that circulate through opaque capillaries that link foreign peacebuilders and indigenous populations. It examines the governmentality of liberal peacebuilding and the practices of "unfreedom" it licenses; brings into focus the constellation of social control that is effected by the EU's efforts, in the context of its security and defense policy, to promote democratic policing in Bosnia; and shows how a normatively committed form of governmentality theory can be employed to limit the inevitable political pastorate in the international construction of liberal peace in posthostility societies.
This article analyzes the international negotiations of sub-State governments (inssg) in Mexico. It addresses five questions: 1) What factors explain the increasing number ofinssgs? 2) What is the impact of federalism oninssg? 3) What are the levels ofinssgand how have they changed over the years? 4) How do Mexican sub-State governments (ssg) institutionalize their international negotiations? 5) What are the perceptions and capacities of thessgin their internationalization process? The study explains the growth ofinssgdue to democratization, arguing that renewed Mexican federalism has generated incentives forssgs to participate more intensively in international negotiations. It analyzes the wide variation in theinssgand explains how it has evolved over the last decade. It focuses on the analysis of Inter-Institutional Agreements (iia) and explains the perceptions and capacities of Mexicanssgto conduct international negotiations.
The study aimed to measure the effects of the Covid-19 epidemic on global growth rates in vital sectors around the world specially – Agriculture – Construction – Manufacturing – Mining -& Transport, because it is the sectors that most to the formation of the GDP and has been directly affected by the Corona pandemic, the study proved too that the Corona virus epidemic has affected, to varying levels and degrees, the economies of the countries of the world. In most different sectors, especially developing countries, but the regional and local impact of the COVID-19 crisis was highly variable, with important economic and social dimensions in addition to the implications for crisis management and political responses to deal with it... Therefore, this paper takes an in-depth look at the impact. Linked to the COVID-19 crisis, the global growth rate at the time of lockdown, which led to the emergence of very difficult fateful challenges in many economies in the world, especially the developed ones, as well as the surprise of the emergence of emerging economies that surfaced and showed positive and significant recovery in growth rates for many of their sectors Vitality at a time in which a number of advanced economies surprised us by achieving a negative growth rate in light of their enormous economic potential, so we were interested to choose a heterogeneous package from the countries of the world (9 countries )to represent the diversity required for the different impact of the Corona virus on the different world economies and the expectations which the world economy will be appear in the global growth rates after the end of this pandemic.. So we exclusively selected 9 countries: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, India, China, Germany, France, the United States of America and Australia, as examples. Stratification on this research
In a context of accelerated climate change, increasing scarcity, and global population growth, environmentalissues and natural resources have become a matter of heightened concern for international security.Competition for access to and use of scarce natural resources are increasingly part of the nations' geostrategicpolicies. South America, one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources, especiallywater, attracts the international interest. This article builds up a picture of such water resources and presentsevidence suggesting the urgent need for more effective cooperation among South American states to establishguidelines for the management and defense of the region's natural wealth.
Cet article défend l'idée que l'élaboration d'une citoyenneté dans les camps transcende l'État-nation par sa référence à la communauté internationale. La gestion des déplacements forcés de population « fabrique » en fait du réfugié afin de ne pas interférer avec l'« ordre national des choses ». Dans les camps, les réfugiés sont exclus de l'État-nation et exercent un contrôle restreint sur leur propre vie, mais ils voient en même temps leur existence reconnue par les « grandes nations ». Or, la communauté internationale est perçue comme supérieure à l'État-nation. Résultat paradoxal, le statut de réfugié a pu devenir plus attrayant que la citoyenneté du pays d'accueil.
