Suchergebnisse

OBJECTIVE--To determine the perceived value of attendance at an International AIDS Conference and attitudes towards the effect of patient attendance on the conference. DESIGN--A confidential, self-administered questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS--102 physicians from the United Kingdom who attended the VIII International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam. RESULTS--There was an 84% response rate. 50% reported increased motivation for clinical work and 57% for research. Physicians with a lower HIV positive patient workload found the conference more valuable for finding out the latest information on HIV, compared with those with a higher workload (p = 0.04). Those with a higher patient workload found the conference more useful for increasing motivation for research than those with a lower HIV workload (p = 0.047). Conference attendance was felt to reduce burnout by 48% of respondents. The majority (55%) would prefer a more traditional meeting. Patient attendance was seen as improving the standard of discussion of ethical and political issues but not on medical or scientific issues. CONCLUSIONS--The International AIDS Conferences are perceived as useful by those UK physicians who attend, but most would prefer a more "traditional" scientific meeting. Whilst patient participation was not seen as useful for medical or scientific discussions, it was felt to improve discussion of ethical and political issues. A smaller more focused conference may be equally useful to UK physicians.

Dans la plupart des pays développés, l'autonomie des établissements scolaires s'est accrue, accompagnée en général par une surveillance de leurs performances et par des mécanismes d'incitation. Par ailleurs, les parents peuvent davantage choisir l'école de leurs enfants. Cela s'est passé en France aussi, mais de façon plus retenue, et sans que le mode de régulation du système éducatif n'évolue en conséquence. Cet article présente les politiques implantées à l'étranger en la matière, en particulier au Royaume-Uni et dans certains Etats ou Districts des Etats-Unis, et le bilan que l'on peut faire des politiques de choix de l'école comme des politiques d'autonomie/régulation par les résultats. Il présente ensuite l'évolution du système éducatif français en ce domaine et le choix qui a été fait d'une régulation par les processus plutôt que par les résultats. Tout en relevant que certains aspects du système français sont en fait repris par le modèle vers lequel convergent la plupart des systèmes éducatifs, et que les performances du système français souffrent la comparaison avec celle des systèmes anglo-saxons, il souligne les effets délétères de ses ambiguïtés sur les personnels et sur les relations qu'ils entretiennent avec les élèves ou leurs familles. L'"exception française" en matière de régulation est interprétée comme l'effet de la prévalence d'un modèle dans lequel l'éducation institue la république et la citoyenneté plutôt qu'elle n'est au service des individus et de la collectivité.

International organizations will have an important role to play in an accelerated program of development assistance in North Korea once the constraints on such a program are removed through a political settlement of the nuclear issue. The critical roles of the multilateral agencies will be coordinating the aid effort, supporting development planning, building development capacity, investing in infrastructure, and streamlining private investment. NGOs, building on experience already gained in North Korea, will also make crucial contributions, such as by focusing on community-level engagement, vertical and horizontal linkages, and innovation and risk-taking. These roles will be essential for coaxing North Korea along the path of economic reform and opening, gaining the trust of the North Korean people, and keeping the donor publics engaged. (Asian Perspect/DÜI)

Based on conference paper. Experience with the Polish debt crisis, 1981-82, the Latin American crisis, 1982-83, and the IMF quota increase of 1983.

This thesis consists of two essays on finance and economic growth. Using the passage and the enforcement of capital market laws, the essays study whether and how the development of international capital markets can influence corporate innovation, a vital source for long-term economic growth around the world. In the first essay, I study the question: Do legal restrictions on insider trading accelerate or slow technological innovation? Based on over 75,000 industry-country- year observations across 94 economies from 1976 to 2006, I find that enforcing insider trading laws spurs innovation, as measured by patent intensity, scope, impact, generality, and originality. Consistent with theories that insider trading slows innovation by impeding the valuation of innovative activities, the relation between enforcing insider trading laws and innovation is larger in industries that are naturally innovative and opaque, and equity issuances also rise much more in these industries after a country enforces its insider trading laws. In the second essay, I examine the effect of activating M&A markets on the rate of technological innovation, using staggered adoption of international M&A laws. Based on more than 65,000 industry-country-year observations across 46 economies from 1976 to 2006, I find that adopting the M&A laws increases innovation in the high-tech industries of a country, as measured by patent intensity, scope, impact, generality, and originality. The results are consistent with the incentives provided by an active M&A market that amplifies the valuation of and returns to innovation, and boosts exit liquidity for the entrepreneurs and corporate investors. I also find that M&A volume increases in the high-tech industries, and the improvement of innovation is mainly contributed by the private firms. ; published_or_final_version ; Economics and Finance ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to assess the changes in the foreign policy of Bolivia and Ecuador during the administrations of Evo Morales (2006-2019) and Rafael Correa (2007-2017), taking into account the interaction between domestic and international factors in both countries. Our working hypothesis argues that the reorientation of the foreign policy of these countries was possible due to a connection between alterations observed in the domestic and international spheres starting in the middle of the 2000s. In the internal sphere, the greater political stability resulting from the restructuring of the party system; in the foreign policy environment, an international system more open to the progressive field, allowing a change in the orientation of Bolivian and Ecuadorian foreign policy, based on that moment on the diversification of partnerships with an anti-United States bias.

In general, the worldwide legislations recognize the right of residence for any person subject to certain requirements. The fact that a person is resident in a certain state leads to certain legal consequences. The most significant consequence of having a domicile in a certain state is determining whether the courts of that state are competent. Bearing in mind that an action may arise against a foreign person, this study addressing the following issues: the concept of domicile, place of residence and the difference between both concepts. It also deals with the question of what form of domicile (i.e. General, particular, or Domicile of choice) is sufficient in determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over the action brought against a foreign person. This study also examines whether a domicile is sufficient as a sole legal factor of determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts, particularly, in the case that the defendant is a Jordanian citizen who has a domicile or a place of residence abroad? This study is an attempt to addressing the above mentioned questions through clarifying the legal rules governing "international domicile" as a legal factor of determining the jurisdiction of national courts. This study concluded that in contrast to the Egyptian and French law, the Jordanian law does not cover all legal rules related to international domicile as a legal basis of determining the jurisdiction of the Jordanian courts such as: the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over a dispute related to real estate in a foreign country, the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over a dispute brought against a Jordanian citizen who has no domicile or place of residence in the Jordanian territory. The authors of this study propose certain essential suggestions to cover important points related to domicile as a factor determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts.