Suchergebnisse

Viet Nam continues to emerge on the world stage, as does its new and developing market economy. In this spirit, Viet Nam's Minister of Science, Technology and Environment approached the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in January 1997 for assistance in developing a new science and technology strategy. In response, IDRC and CIDA assembled a team of experts into a mission with the following objectives:. Assess the impact of current Vietnamese science and technology policies on the economic and social development of Viet Nam.

The potential of agroforestry to improve livelihoods and mitigate climate change and environmental degradation has been widely recognized, especially within the context of climate-smart agriculture. However, agroforestry opportunities have not been fully exploited because of several reasons, among which are adverse policies and legislations. However, many countries do not have a full understanding of how their policy and institutional environment may affect agroforestry development. We aim to fill this gap by looking at the particular case of Chad. The method used included examining data from: (i) literature reviews of important national and international polices, strategies, and legislation governing access to land and trees, among which are 'La Loi 14', Chad's 2010 poverty reduction strategy paper, draft zero of the National Environmental Policy, (ii) interviews and focus group discussions with NGOs, government officials, and farmers, and (iii) surveys with 100 households. Results show that Chad has no specific agroforestry policy but opportunities for agroforestry can be found in some of the above-mentioned policy documents and government strategies. Most stakeholders interviewed had positive attitudes towards agroforestry, but uptake of the practice is handicapped by poor understanding of the forestry law by farmers and forestry officials. Gaps in existing laws give room for rent-seekers to collect individual (USD 272–909) and collective (USD 36–1818) access fees to trees on both forest and farmland. We propose that the government of Chad should unmask elements of agroforestry in existing policies and policy instruments to demonstrate its importance in responding to livelihood and environmental challenges in the country.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS -- FOREWORD -- Part I Women and the law: Addressing Inequality -- 1 IN PURSUIT OF GENDER-RESPONSIVE LEGISLATION: Transforming women's lives through the law -- 2 WOMEN'S RIGHTS - THE STATE OF PLAY: How far have we come since the Beijing Declaration? -- Part II Legislating for women: Successes and setbacks in delivering gender-responsive outcomes for women -- 3 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LAW: When good intentions go awry in practice -- 4 TOWARDS A GENDER-TRANSFORMATIVE APPROACH TO ABORTION: Legislative perspectives from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa -- 5 EMPLOYING THE LAW FOR WOMEN: Gender, work and legal regulation in Australi -- 6 ENHANCING EQUALITY IN POLITICAL LIFE: Successes and limitations with electoral gender quotas -- Part III Legislating with women in mind -- 7 GENDER, RACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: A feminist critique -- 8 'NO ONE LEFT BEHIND'?: Gender equality in taxation and the UN 2030 Global Agenda -- 9 WOMEN IN ANTICORRUPTION LAWS: The case for more gender-responsive international treaties -- Part IV Accountability for embedding women's rights in domestic law -- 10 CEDAW AND GLOBAL STANDARDS FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS: The Convention's actual and potential influence as an accountability mechanism for gender-sensitive legislation -- 11 LIGHTING THE SPARK: Reimagining the statutory landscape through the Feminist Legislation Project -- 12 GENDER AUDITS AND LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY: Do parliamentary human rights bodies have a role to play? -- 13 CONCLUSION - WOMEN AND THE LAW: The challenges ahead for gender-responsive legislation -- INDEX.

The media guide aims at helping business journalists report on corporate governance and raise public awareness of the impact it has on businesses, shareholders, and the broader community of stakeholders. This report will help journalists develop clear and compelling stories that examine how a company is governed. It was produced by IFC's Global Corporate Governance Forum in partnership with the International Center for Journalists, an organization that advances quality journalism worldwide. Topics include the media's role reporting on corporate governance, how a board of directors functions, what financial reports reveal, and how to track down information that sheds light on a company's performance in an informed way.

History and its political, economical and social processes, marks a before and an after, they must be of interest to society because they represent a slight or radical change. For this essay, history is the main player that changes the international order, the processes of war in Europe began since 1517 with Martin Luther, considered as the starting point of the wars. In the beginning it was due to religion, but afterwards it moved towards the struggle for trade and territories until its ending with the Peace of Westphalia that determines the principles of the international order that still persist nowadays. Wars despite being the most violent and tragic method of conflict resolution it left something good, and that's how the so called "Great War" gave birth to League of Nations that by the time was somewhat inconceivable because there had never been a supra-stately entity that could compared to it, in the same context, organizations, sovereignty, self-determination, the importance of international peace, all fruits of "The Great War" and even though such peace was not lasting, it served as a fundamental basis for the birth of the United Nations entity of public international law whose purpose is to preserve international peace and security, either voluntarily or by being coerced. ; La historia, así como sus diversos procesos políticos, económicos y sociales, marcan un antes y un después, deben ser de interés para la sociedad pues suponen un cambio ya sea leve o radical. Para este artículo, la historia es el actor principal que modifica el orden internacional; los procesos de guerra en Europa inician desde 1517 con Martin Lutero, considerado como el punto de partida de las guerras. En sus inicios fue por la religión, pero posteriormente, transitó hacia la lucha por el comercio y territorios hasta culminar con la paz de Westfalia, que determina los principios del orden internacional que aun hoy en día persisten. Las guerras, pese a ser el método de resolución de conflictos más violento y trágico deja algo bueno, y así fue como la llamada "Gran Guerra" gestó el nacimiento de la Sociedad de Naciones que para la época era algo inconcebible, que jamás había existido un ente supraestatal que se le comparara; en este mismo contexto surgen las organizaciones internacionales, de la soberanía, de la autodeterminación, de la importancia de la paz internacional, todos frutos de la "Gran Guerra" y aunque la paz no fue duradera, sirvió como base fundamental para el nacimiento de Naciones Unidas, ente del Derecho Internacional Público cuyo propósito es preservar la paz y la seguridad internacional, ya sea de manera voluntaria o siendo coaccionado.

Since its first peacekeeping operation, the United Nations (UN) broadened its normative framework to provide efficient responses to the turbulent reality of countries experiencing intrastate wars. Back in the 1990s, the UN acknowledged that intrastate conflict causes are structural and socially rooted, and therefore achieving peace in collapsing states would only be possible through the strategy labelled as peacebuilding, aimed at achieving longstanding peace through the reconstruction of the state in the post-conflict phase. Based on English School theorists, this paper aims to analyze how the UN peacebuilding policies can be associated with the strengthening of the commitment of war-torn states to institutions and rules that underpins the group of states known as "international society". To illustrate the aforementioned argument, this work consists of a case study methodology that assess the United Nations Mission in Liberia (2003-2018).

Attempts to create a more inclusive discipline and profession have been commended by many and derided by some. While these attempts have pushed for change, particularly with regards to more equal representation of gender and race among faculty, policies aimed at creating a more inclusive environment are often tokenistic, administrative and bureaucratic, and fail to address structural and institutional practices and norms. Moreover, the administrative and bureaucratic policies put into place are generally targeted at a single categorical group, failing to take into account the manner in which identities are intersecting and overlapping. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion often gets driven by Human Resources and Marketing rather than owned by the wider university. This forum draws from a variety of contributions that focus on describing the lived realities of institutional racism, its intersections with other forms of discrimination, and strategies for change. In putting together this forum, we do not aim to create a checklist of practical steps. Instead, we hope to signpost and make visible the successes and failures of previous challenges and future possibilities that must be taken by both faculty and administrations.