Suchergebnisse

Following the protest movements and radicalism of the late sixties, many affluent countries experienced lethal revolutionary terrorism. Groups like the Red Brigades in Italy and the Red Army Faction in Germany provoked political crises in their countries. Other affluent countries, however, did not experience this same kind of violence. This book offers a historical-comparative explanation of this cross-national variation, focusing on the development paths followed by countries during the interwar period. The countries that followed a non-liberal path (marked by anarchist terrorism, democratic breakdowns, civil wars, land inequality, non-liberal capitalism, and late industrialization) suffered lethal left-wing terrorism decades later. Terrorism is thus explained as a feature of the political and economic system. Drawing on several fields, including comparative politics, political economy, international relations, and historical sociology, this book offers novel hypotheses about the determinants of violent conflict

In the years since 9/11, there has been a massive surge in interest surrounding the study of terrorism. This volume applies distinguished military historian John Lynn's lifetime of research and teaching experience to this difficult topic. As a form of violence that implies the threat of future violence, terrorism breeds insecurity, vulnerability, and a desire for retribution that has far-reaching consequences. Lynn distinguishes between the paralyzing effect of fear and the potentially dangerous and chaotic effects of moral outrage and righteous retaliation guiding counterterrorism efforts. In this accessible and comprehensive text, Lynn traces the evolution of terrorism over time, exposing its constants and contrasts. In doing so, he contextualizes this violence and argues that a knowledge of the history and nature of terrorism can temper its psychological effects, and can help us more accurately and carefully assess threats as well as develop informed and measured responses.

In the #MeToo era, the scourge of sexual violence in society has come into new focus. It has become clear that women and men have been, and are, victimized to an extent that many had previously not realized. But this invisibility has largely been aided by a history of silencing victims and of impunity for perpetrators. Wartime and military sexual violence has similar patterns of invisibility, silence and impunity. Furthermore, sexual violence in wartime and beyond is a phenomenon that cannot be divorced from broader social, economic and political issues. It is this dual focus on sexual violence itself and its contexualization that lies at the heart of this volume. This volume probes new directions in understanding sexual violence during conflict, as well as analyzing ethnicity, masculinity and their relationships to sexual violence.

Today, nearly any group or nation with violence in its past has constructed or is planning a memorial museum as a mechanism for confronting past trauma, often together with truth commissions, trials, and/or other symbolic or material reparations. Exhibiting Atrocity documents the emergence of the memorial museum as a new cultural form of commemoration, and analyzes its use in efforts to come to terms with past political violence and to promote democracy and human rights. Through a global comparative approach, Amy Sodaro uses in-depth case studies of five exemplary memorial museums that commemorate a range of violent pasts and allow for a chronological and global examination of the trend: the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC; the House of Terror in Budapest; the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre in Rwanda; the Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Santiago, Chile; and the National September 11 Memorial Museum in New York. Together, these case studies illustrate the historical emergence and global spread of the memorial museum and show how this new cultural form of commemoration is intended to be used in contemporary societies around the world.

Horst Dreier steht wie kaum ein anderer Staatsrechtslehrer für eine grundlagenorientierte Deutung und Interpretation des Grundgesetzes. Das legt nahe, bei einem Geburtstagssymposium zu seinen Ehren nach ebensolchen Grundlagen oder Fundamenten der geltenden Verfassungsurkunde zu fahnden. Dies tun fünf Schülerinnen und Schüler des Jubilars in den Beiträgen des vorliegenden Bandes: Fabian Wittreck fragt nach der Fundierungsleistung des Christentums für das Grundgesetz, Armin Engländer nach derjenigen der Aufklärungsphilosophie. Axel Tschentscher stellt die Volkssouveränität als Grund und Grenze der Verfassung auf den Prüfstand, wohingegen Frauke Brosius-Gersdorf der wechselseitigen Konstitutivwirkung von Freiheit und Gleichheit nachgeht. Abschließend fragt Andreas Funke danach, ob Europa Grund oder Grenze der deutschen Verfassungsurkunde sein kann. Eine Teilnehmerliste sowie das Schriftenverzeichnis des Jubilars runden den Band ab. / »Foundations of the ›Grundgesetz‹« -- Horst Dreier is one of the most prominent German scholars devoting themselves to the study of the historical and philosophical foundation of the German Basic Law. To honour their academic preceptor, five of his pupils delve into the foundations of the »Grundgesetz«: the articles of this volume start by addressing Christianity and Enlightenment philosophy as potential basis or background of the Constitution. Subsequently, they focus on the scope of the figure of popular sovereignty as well as the interdependency of freedom and egality. The last contribution inquires if Europe represents a feasible foundation or limitation of the »Grundgesetz«.