Suchergebnisse

First of all I would like to thank the North Atlantic Council most
warmly for inviting me to speak at such a significant moment in history. We
are approaching the end of a year marked by the 50th anniversary of the 1949
Geneva Conventions, and indeed of NATO, as well as the eve of a new
millennium. This is also a time for assessment of the Balkan crisis, an
issue taken very seriously by the entire international community, including
NATO, and including the ICRC. Finally, as you probably know, this is also a
special time for me personally, as in a few days I will be handing over the
presidency of the ICRC to my successor, Mr Jakob Kellenberger. I have held
this post for 12 years, and I am now coming to the end of my third
presidential mandate.

"This book emerges from within the everyday knowledge practices of International Relations (IR) scholarship and explores the potential of experimental writing as an alternative source of 'knowledge' and political imagination within the modern university and the contemporary structures of neoliberal government. It unlocks and foregrounds the power of writing as a site of resistance and a vehicle of transformation that is fundamentally grounded in reflexivity, self-crafting and an ethos of care. In an attempt to cultivate new sensibilities to habitual academic practice the project re-appropriates the skill of writing for envisioning and enacting what it might mean to be working in the discipline of IR and inhabiting the usual spaces and scenes of academic life differently. The practice of experimental writing that intuitively unfolds and develops in the book makes an important methodological intervention into conventional social scientific inquiry both regarding the politics of writing and knowledge production as well as the role and position of the researcher. The formal innovations of the book include the actualization and creative remaking of the Foucaultian genre of the 'experience book,' which seeks to challenge scholarly routine and offers new experiences and modes of perception as to what it might mean to 'know' and to be a 'knowing subject' in our times.The book will be of interest to researchers engaged in critical and creative research methods (particularly narrative writing, autobiography, storytelling, experimental and transformational research), Foucault studies and philosophy, as well as critical approaches to contemporary government and studies of resistance. "--Provided by publisher.

AbstractIn policy domains characterised by complexity, international organizations (IOs) with overlapping mandates and governance functions regularly interact in ways that have important implications for global governance. Yet the dynamics of IO interactions remain understudied. This article breaks new ground by building on the theoretical insights of organizational ecology to examine IO competition, cooperation, and adaptation in the domain of energy. Drawing on original empirical data, I consider three related hypotheses: (1) competition between IOs in the same population is likely to centre on material resources; (2) IOs are more likely to cooperate when they have a shared governance goal; and (3) individual IOs can adapt by changing their goals and boundaries. In considering these hypotheses, this article highlights the limits of the organizational ecology approach and the need to broaden it to account for the possibility that IOs do cooperate, and that individual IOs, such as the International Energy Agency, have the capacity to adapt to changes in their environment.

Veel niet-statelijke actoren kunnen het genot van mensenrechten enorm beïnvloeden. Desondanks hebben niet-statelijke actoren geen directe verplichtingen onder internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving; het internationale juridische kader voor mensenrechten blijft gericht op de staat, met de positieve verplichting om de mensenrechten van individuen te beschermen tegen inmenging van niet-statelijke actoren. Dit boek onderzoekt: 'Hoe worden schendingen van mensenrechten (mede veroorzaakt) door niet-statelijke actoren behandeld in internationale mensenrechtenwetgeving en -praktijk, en hoe zou een multi-level governance-benadering toegepast kunnen worden om de mensenrechten van individuen beter te beschermen tegen het schadelijk gedrag van niet-statelijke actoren?' Om dit te bereiken, is in de studie gekozen voor een 'law and governance-benadering', die verder kijkt dan alleen juridische oplossingen voor het bewerkstelligen van betere mensenrechtenbescherming. De theoretische, vergelijkende en kritische analyses van verschillende mensenrechtenstelsels op internationaal, regionaal en nationaal niveau bieden een grondig inzicht in de positie van niet-statelijke actoren in internationale mensenrechtenkaders en de uitdagingen die de wettelijke kaders ondervinden bij het beschermen van personen tegen inmenging door niet-statelijke actoren. Deze bevindingen worden gebruikt als basis om te suggereren dat er een multi-level governance-benadering van internationale mensenrechten moet worden gevolgd, waarin juridische en extra-juridische maatregelen worden genomen om niet-statelijke actoren aan te moedigen mensenrechtennormen te volgen. Twee case-studies van de Wereldbank en niet-statelijke gewapende groeperingen worden onderzocht om de huidige tekortkomingen in van mensenrechten bescherming in het juridische kader en in de praktijk te belichten, om aan te geven hoe een multi-level governance-benadering kan worden overwogen en welke soorten acties kunnen worden ondernomen onder een dergelijke benadering. ; A wide range of non-State actors have an ever-increasing effect on the enjoyment of individuals' human rights. However, the current international human rights law framework does not place any direct obligations on non-State actors; the responsibility for protecting individuals' human rights lies in the positive obligations of States, which should regulate and control non-State actors through their domestic legal systems. This book assesses how interferences with human rights caused by non-State actors are dealt with under international human rights law and practice, and how a multi-level governance approach could apply to better protect individuals' human rights from the harmful conduct of non-State actors. The book provides an extensive comparative analysis of the extent to which international human rights law applies to non-State actors (i.e. the horizontal effect of human rights), examining legislation, jurisprudence and scholarly works at the international, regional and national levels. This analysis demonstrates that in practice three methods are used to apply international human rights standards to non-State actors, but that significant gaps in human rights protection remain. It is suggested that taking a multi-level governance approach to international human rights could fill some of these gaps by providing an inclusive, comprehensive and coordinated governance regime for the protection of international human rights. The two case studies of the World Bank and non-State armed groups are used to show some of the main downfalls of the current international legal framework and to suggest measures that could be taken under a multi-level governance approach to international human rights.