Suchergebnisse

This thesis has investigated the role of the British decolonization policy in Somaliland. The major aim was to identify the process and analyse the formation of the Somali political institutions from 1950 to 1960. The research was carried on a twofold perspective: on the one side, a microscopic-local level explored the relations between the British Administration in Somaliland, its clerks and officials, the Somali people and its representatives, mainly traditional/religious authorities and political leaders. On the other side, a macroscopic perspective was detect while considering the external forces which have influenced this process. The dissertation examined also the British attitude towards the Italian administration of Somalia, the awkward Ethiopian neighborhood, as well as the diplomatic and international interests of geopolitics in the Horn of Africa.

AbstractThis article argues that employing migrant domestic workers has become a new form of social distinction in urban Yemen. The rapid social, economic and political changes of the past forty years have altered Yemen's system of social stratification. Formerly, one's racial descent and economic background determined the work they performed. Manual and service professions had a very low status and were only performed by the lowest social status groups. Nowadays other forms of social distinction have emerged. Although the economic situation in Yemen has deteriorated since the 1990s, the demand for paid domestic labour has increased. Yemeni women are reluctant to take up paid work as domestics, and middle and upper middle class families in urban areas employ migrant and refugee women, in particular from the Horn of Africa.

The Fuegian snipe Gallinago stricklandii (Gray, 1845) is one of the most enigmatic members of the family Scolopacidae Rafinesque, 1815. It is the least known species of the Gallinago genus and inhabits throughout the range of the biome of South American temperate forests, between the Maule region (36°S) and Cape Horn (56°S). In this biogeographical range, its reproductive and migratory habits are still poorly known. In this study, we report observations conducted between the years 2002 and 2023 in the Cape Horn National Park, with an emphasis on the most recent fieldwork on Horn Island. On this island, between January and October 2023, we recorded the autoecology of a family group composed of two adults and one juvenile. One of these adults was captured, banded, and measured in February 2023 (55°57.896'S - 67°13.478'W). The family group of G. stricklandii on Horn Island resided there during the summer, fall, winter, and spring seasons. This behavior contrasts with the migratory habit of the Magellanic snipe G. magellanica (King 1828), a better-known sympatric species. In addition to the resident habits of this family group and other individuals of G. stricklandii, we report new information about the morphology, feeding, and reproductive habits in the southern end of its distribution. This information recorded at the southern extreme of the American continent will enable new studies about this species and open up comparative analyses with other species of the cosmopolitan Scolopacidae family, which includes the world's northernmost breeding birds at the boreal extreme of the Americas

This paper examines the litigation strategies adopted by Eritrea and Ethiopia before the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission convened at The Permanent Commission of Arbitration at The Hague between 2001 and 2009. I pursue insights from the work of Laura Nader concerning how, through binding arbitration, the international community imposes its power on disputing parties as opposed to allowing their competing legal claims to be fairly decided. The claims examined by this paper concern who started the border war and that Ethiopia denationalized 'Eritrean' nationals and unlawfully deprived them of their property. I conclude that the PCA's decisions on Eritrea and Ethiopia were flawed and that its deliberations need to be viewed in a much wider political context; furthermore its decisions contributed to further political instability in the Horn of Africa.

Tanzania's & South Africa's experiences with socialist thought & practice are drawn on in a discussion of the future of socialism in Africa. The African National Congress's relationship with socialism is explored, & a brief survey of political groups active in socialist causes in South Africa is offered. It is argued that African socialist regimes failed to solve the problem of insufficient personal incentives to produce surplus wealth for public purposes, & that the future of socialism in Africa is unrelated to the imperatives of economic development. It is concluded that socialism can regain its lost credibility in Africa by rebuilding its intellectual foundations in accord with principles of social justice & by supporting working class struggles & unions. In Bogdan Denitch Comments, Denitch takes objection to the facile use of the term socialism, arguing that African "socialist" regimes are more accurately characterized as "popular politocracies." In Richard Sklar Replies, Sklar defends his use of the term socialism, challenges Denitch's argument that socialism has no future in Africa, & agrees with his interlocutor that the origins of modern socialism are most clearly visible in the histories of democratic movements. W. Howard

Examines the widespread and indiscriminate use of land mines, consequences, and possible solutions; Africa.