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The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is being endured throughout the world, and the European Union (EU) is no exception. The rapid spreading of the virus effected, among other things, restriction on the freedom of movement. The EU member states introduced national response measures to contain the pandemic and protect public health. While broadly similar, the measures differ with regard to strictness and the manner of introduction, reflecting the political legitimacy of the respective country. With the 'Guidelines concerning the exercise of the free movement of workers during COVID-19 outbreak' – its first COVID-19-related Communication – the European Commission (EC) attempted to curb differing practices of the EU member states and ensure a coordinated approach. Ultimately, this action was aimed at upholding of fundamental rights as guaranteed to EU citizens, one such being the freedom of movement. Thus, from the very start of the pandemic, the coordinated actions of EU institutions sought to contain the spread of COVID-19 infections with the support and cooperation of EU member states. This is confirmed by the most recent Council of the EU (Council) recommendation on a coordinated approach to restrictions to freedom of movement within the EU of October 2020. While they did prevent the spread of infection and save countless lives, the movement restriction measures and the resulting uncertainty have greatly affected the people, the society, and the economy, thereby demonstrating that they cannot remain in force for an extended period. This paper examines the measures introduced by EU member states and analyses the legal basis for introducing therewith limitations on human rights and market freedoms. To what extent are the EU and member states authorized to introduce restrictions on the freedom of movement in the interest of public health? Have the EU and member states breached their obligations regarding market freedoms and fundamental rights under the Treaty? And most importantly: have they endangered the ...

Abstract: Amsterdam city is proud of being a worldwide center for innovation, in 2016 it was named by the European Commission as the "European Capital of Innovation" (Iamsterdam 2020). This paper analyses seven innovative practices that deal with solid residue in The Netherlands, experiences that try to move towards a "circular bioeconomy" (Hetemäki et alli 2017). I classify the innovation cases I researched in reference to the 7Rs: 1) Rethink, 2) Reduce/Refuse, 3) Reuse/Rehome/Repurpose, 4) Recycle, 5) Recreate, 6) Repair and 7) Rot. My main objective is to bring ideas and images to inspire practitioners and academic fellows to experiment or to adapt from these innovation experiences. I will try to bring some of the new debates concerning the concepts of "circular economy", "circular society" and the more contemporary one that is "circular bioeconomy" (Hetëmaki et alli. 2017). Finally, to end, I address the role of utopia and imagination as important forces that animate bio/social innovation to reproduce life.Keywords: circular economy; circular bio economy; innovation; solid residue management; Amsterdam. ECONOMIA CIRCULAR - DOS RESÍDUOS AOS RECURSOS:7RS PRÁTICAS INOVADORAS EM AMSTERDÃ.TECHNOLOGIE "DIE NOG IN DE KINDERSCHOENEN STAAN". Resumo: A cidade de Amsterdã orgulha-se de ser um centro mundial de inovação; em 2016 foi nomeada pela Comissão Europeia como a "Capital Europeia da Inovação" (Iamsterdam 2020). Este artigo analisa sete práticas inovadoras que lidam com resíduos sólidos nos Países Baixos, experiências que tentam avançar para uma "economia circular". Classifico os casos de inovação que investiguei em referência aos 7Rs: 1) Repensar, 2) Reduzir/Recusar, 3) Reutilizar/Recuperar/Redirecionar, 4) Reciclar, 5) Recriar, 6) Reparar e 7) CompostaR. O meu principal objetivo é apresentar ideias e imagens para inspirar profissionais e acadêmicos a experimentar ou a adaptar projetos a partir destas experiências de inovação. Abordo também alguns dos novos debates sobre os conceitos de "economia circular", "sociedade circular" e "bioeconomia circular". Finalmente, e para terminar, trato do papel da utopia e da imaginação como forças importantes para animar a inovação bio/social e para reproduzir a vida.Palavras-chave: economia circular. bioeconomia circular. Inovação. gestão de resíduos sólidos. Amsterdã

The issue of industrial policy and industrial problems is one of the most controversial in the European academic community. Even today, we see a lack of theoretical basis for decision-making on industrial policy issues. The main purpose of the publication is to assess the contribution of industry to the socio-economic development of the EU and its member states, as well as to the dynamic structural changes that took place during 2000-2019. To achieve the article's goal, the author uses such indicators as the share of the industrial sector in the generation of gross value added, employment, labor productivity, and exports/imports. The article reveals a general trend to increase in the share of the services sector in the generation of gross value added for the EU-28 and to decrease in the share of the industrial sector. It is established that industry remains an important sector for the EU economy, and for the EU-28, it provides almost 20% of gross value added and more than 70% of total exports, and accounts for about 15% of the employed population. For each of the EU countries, the socio-economic contribution of industry is different - for Central and Eastern Europe, it is more important in the generation of gross value added and employment than for the EU founder countries of the euro area (the EU-15 group). It is found that labor productivity in the EU-15 is higher than in other countries. Growing labor productivity is typical for Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and Great Britain, while lower productivity - for such CEE countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. At the same time, growth rates of all industrial indicators in the latter countries is much higher than in the EU-15. The author considers the new EU industrial policy and various problems of the industrial sector in the EU. The study was carried out on the statistical basis of the European Commission using the methodology of Polish scientists of the Warsaw School of Economics to study the new industrial policy (Krzysztof Falkowski, Adam A. Ambroziak 2015).

We thanks CONACYT FC-2016-01-1916 and CB-285080 projects and PAPIIT IN100519 project for support on this study. LG was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 839090. EADLthanks all Stellar Population Synthesis and Chemical Evolution group of the Instituto de Astronomia-UNAM for the help through the by-eye morphological classification. ; We study the presence of optically-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) within a sample of 867 galaxies extracted from the extended Calar-Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area (eCALIFA) spanning all morphological classes. We identify 10 Type-I and 24 Type-II AGNs, amounting to ∼4 per cent of our sample, similar to the fraction reported by previous explorations in the same redshift range. We compare the integrated properties of the ionized and molecular gas, and stellar population of AGN hosts and their non-active counterparts, combining them with morphological information. The AGN hosts are found in transitory parts (i.e. green-valley) in almost all analysed properties which present bimodal distributions (i.e. a region where reside star-forming galaxies and another with quiescent/retired ones). Regarding morphology, we find AGN hosts among the most massive galaxies, with enhanced central stellar-mass surface density in comparison to the average population at each morphological type. Moreover, their distribution peaks at the Sab-Sb classes and none are found among very late-type galaxies (>Scd). Finally, we inspect how the AGN could act in their hosts regarding the quenching of star-formation. The main role of the AGN in the quenching process appears to be the removal (or heating) of molecular gas, rather than an additional suppression of the already observed decrease of the star-formation efficiency from late-to-early type galaxies. ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) FC-2016-01-1916 CB-285080 ; European Commission 839090 ; Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT) IN100519

The research of A.D. and D.P.M. were funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq-Brazil) and by Project INCT-FNA Proc. No. 464898/2014-5, and by FAPESP under grant 2016/17612-7 (A.D.). The work of E.M. is funded by the Spanish MINEICO under Grant FIS2017-85053-C2-1-P, by the FEDER Andalucia 2014-2020 Operational Programme under Grant A-FQM-178-UGR18, by Junta de Andalucia under Grant FQM-225, by the Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under Grant SOMM17/6105/UGR, and by the Spanish Consolider Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN under Grant CSD2007-00042. The research of E.M. is also supported by the Ramon y Cajal Program of the Spanish MINEICO under Grant RYC-2016-20678. ; We would like to thank Constantino Tsallis for suggesting us to write this review ; In this work, we provide an overview of the recent investigations on the non-extensive Tsallis statistics and its applications to high energy physics and astrophysics, including physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), hadron physics, and neutron stars. We review some recent investigations on the power-law distributions arising in high energy physics experiments focusing on a thermodynamic description of the system formed, which could explain the power-law behavior. The possible connections with a fractal structure of hadrons is also discussed. The main objective of the present work is to delineate the state-of-the-art of those studies and show some open issues that deserve more careful investigation. We propose several possibilities to test the theory through analyses of experimental data. ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2016/17612-7 ; Spanish MINEICO FIS2017-85053-C2-1-P ; FEDER Andalucia 2014-2020 Operational Programme A-FQM-178-UGR18 ; Junta de Andalucia FQM-225 ; Junta de Andalucia ; European Commission SOMM17/6105/UGR ; Spanish Government CSD2007-00042 ; German Research Foundation (DFG) RYC-2016-20678 ; Project INCT-FNA 464898/2014-5

We aimed at identifying early non-social behavioural indicators that predict later ASD. Likewise, we were interested in the moment in which non-social signs discriminate between children at elevated likelihood for ASD with a later diagnosis of ASD, and children at elevated likelihood for ASD with a typical developmental outcome. In addition, we intended to explore the developmental evolution of children's symptomatology over time. A systematic literature search was conducted for longitudinal studies on early non-social behavioural indicators among siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD. The following databases were searched: PUBMED, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE. The study identification process was conducted by two reviewers independently. Compared to siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD with a typical developmental outcome, siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD with later ASD show impairments in attention disengagement, in gross and fine motor development and characteristic restricted and repetitive interests and behaviours, starting at 12 months of age. Moreover, early attention disengagement exerts a predictive role towards a later ASD diagnosis, given that from 12 months siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD who will receive an independent ASD diagnosis towards 24-36 months present marked difficulties in disengaging in comparison with siblings at elevated likelihood for ASD that will not satisfy the criteria for an ASD diagnosis. The findings call for a more comprehensive vision on early indicators of ASD. Further research is needed to extend results to other behavioural domains. ; Open Access funding provided by Projekt DEAL. This study was funded by The Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union project (ASDEU). The ASDEU project has been granted by DG-SANTE, European Commission [Grant number SANCO/2014/C2/035]. ; Canu, D (reprint author), Hasselt Unvers, Rehabil Res Ctr REVAL, Fac Rehabil Sci, Agoralaan,Bldg A, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Hasselt, Belgium; Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Res Dev Disorders Lab, Ghent, Belgium; Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Fac Med, Clin Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychotherapy &, Freiburg, Germany. daniela.canu@uniklinik-freiburg.de

The study was partially funded by the "Acción Transversal del Cáncer", approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on 11 October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Spanish Government (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI09/01286-León, PI09/01903-Valencia, PI09/02078-Huelva, PI09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219, PI14/0613), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)), by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the Catalan Government DURSI grant 2014SGR647, by the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias, and by the University of Oviedo. Veronica Dávila-Batista: predoctoral contract financed by the Junta de Castilla y Leon and the European Social Fund (EDU/1083/2013), and she also obtained a CIBERESP grant for a stay in an international research centre. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023" Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. ; Davila-Batista, V., Molina, A.J., Fernández-Villa, T., Romaguera, D., Pérez-Gómez, B., Vilorio-Marqués, L., Dierssen-Sotos, T., Altzibar, J.M., Moreno, V., Ardanaz, E., ...

The study was partially funded by the "Accion Transversal del Cancer", approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773-Cantabria, PS09/01286-León, PS09/01903-Valencia, PS09/02078-Huelva, PS09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI15/00914, PI15/01032, PI17CIII/00034), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)), by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571-2009, PI-0306-2011, salud201200057018tra), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the Catalan Government- Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) grants 2017SGR723 and 2014SGR850, by the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias and by the University of Oviedo. and IDIBELL is aare members of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. RZ-R was supported by the "Miguel Servet" program (CP15/00100) from the Institute of Health Carlos III (Co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF)—ESF investing in your future). ; Vitelli-Storelli, F., Zamora-Ros, R., Molina, A.J., Fernández-Villa, T., Castelló, A., Barrio, J.P., Amiano, P., Ardanaz, E., Obón-Santacana, M., Gómez-Acebo, I., Fernández-Tardón, G., Molina-Barceló, A., Alguacil, J., ...

Construction and demolition waste makes up a substantial part of all waste produced in Europe. Its impact on the environment may be relatively small, but it exists in large amounts and holds many options of re-use. This is why it remains a frequently discussed topic of European policy. As part of circular economy, the European Commission has already proposed new goals and strategies for existing types of waste. However, they are not entirely clear on the usage of new kinds of building and demolition waste, as they are yet to be specified by existing legislation. This paper discusses new kinds of building and demolition waste and the basic principles (new technology) of their use. The possibilities of utilizing new kinds of waste are based on a multicriteria optimization calculation, specifying each material and proposing ways of its further use. Recent findings can expand the choice of new uses of construction and demolition waste and reduce their impact on the environment (less waste, better properties and more effective processing, reducing transportation needs, maximizing re-use and recycling). ; Stavební a demoliční odpad tvoří podstatnou část veškerého odpadu vyprodukovaného v Evropě. Jeho dopad na životní prostředí může být relativně malý, existuje však ve velkém množství a existuje mnoho možností jeho opakovaného použití. Proto zůstává často diskutovaným tématem evropské politiky. V rámci oběhového hospodářství již Evropská komise navrhla nové cíle a strategie pro stávající druhy odpadů. Možnosti využití nových druhů stavebního a demoličního odpadu však není zcela jasné, protože nesjou zatím stanoveny stávajícími právními předpisy. Tato práce pojednává o nových druzích stavebního a demoličního odpadu a základních principech (nové technologie) jejich využití. Možnosti využití nových druhů odpadu jsou založeny na multikriteriálním optimalizačním výpočtu, v rámci keterého se specifikuje každý odpadní materiál a navrhují se způsoby jeho dalšího využití. Nedávná zjištění mohou rozšířit výběr nových využití stavebních a demoličních odpadů a snížit jejich dopad na životní prostředí (méně odpadu, lepší vlastnosti a efektivnější zpracování, snížení přepravních potřeb, maximalizace opětovného použití a recyklace).

Introduction: The present investigation studies the case of Italy as one of the countries of the Eurozone that generates the greatest concern in its economic context and the impact that this has on a global level. Methodology: economic indicators are tracked to analyze the slow growth, the excessive indebtedness of the state and the high rate of youth unemployment. Results: the impossibility of generating expansionary monetary policies to encourage the recovery of internal demand largely due to the policies required of the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the European Commission. In addition to the above, the banking system is in a high risk stage, which may be the start of a new relapse not only in the country, but throughout the Eurozone. Conclusions: Finally, the instability of the political system, corruption and the protection of private interests also do not contribute to the generation of measures in the medium and long term for Italy to become a solid and influential economy worldwide ; Introducción: La presente investigación estudia el caso de Italia como uno de los países de la Eurozona que genera mayor preocupación en su contexto económico y el impacto que ello acarrea a nivel global. Metodología: se realiza un rastreo de indicadores económicos para analizar el lento crecimiento, el excesivo endeudamiento del estado y la alta tasa de desempleo juvenil. Resultados: la imposibilidad de generar políticas monetarias expansionistas para incentivar la recuperación de la demanda interna en gran medida por las políticas exigidas del Banco Central Europeo, el Fondo Monetario Internacional y la Comisión Europea. Sumado a lo anterior, el sistema bancario se encuentra en una etapa de alto riesgo, lo cual puede ser el inicio de una nueva recaída no solo en el país, sino en toda la zona Euro. Conclusiones: Finalmente, la inestabilidad del sistema político, la corrupción y la protección de intereses particulares tampoco contribuyen a la generación de medidas a mediano y largo plazo para que ...

BACKGROUND: The Cypriot healthcare system has undergone a number of major transformations since the induction of the Republic of Cyprus in the European Union over 10 years ago. Currently Cyprus is undergoing a major reform, namely the introduction of a primary care driven national healthcare system. The aim of the study was to assess the existing state of training, support, quality, guidelines and infrastructure towards a better healthcare system in Cyprus. METHODS: This is a mixed-methods study combining statistical data until October 2016 and workshop discussions delivered in Cyprus in November 2015. We used anonymised data provided: (1a) by the Cyprus Medical Association of all registered medical doctors up to October 2016; (1b); by the Ministry of Health (MoH) Health Monitoring Unit up to October 2016; (2) during a workshop organised with representatives from the Royal College of Physicians, the European Commission and the Health Insurance Organization. RESULTS: The gender ratio of men over women is disproportionate, with over 85% of the medical doctors undertaking their training in Greece, Eastern Europe and neighbouring countries, while the current record does not hold a relevant specialty information for 4 out of 10 doctors. The results show lack of statutory inspection systems, application of revalidation principles or implementation of peer-review clinical services on the island. There are eight proposed recommendations made by the workshop participants towards the transformation of the Cypriot healthcare system and the development of the Cyprus Quality Improvement Institute. These are aimed at addressing gaps in quality of care, adherence to clinical guidelines and implementation of audits, development of doctors' revalidation and peer-review of clinical services, accreditation of service implementation, establishment of a statutory inspection system as well as the set-up of an incentives program as part of the general healthcare system (GHS) of Cyprus. CONCLUSIONS: Current efforts for the implementation of the new GHS in Cyprus call for adequate training and support of the medical workforce, transparent and safer quality of care provision through the implementation of clinical guidelines and capacity-building infrastructure.

In this work, polyester-based nanocomposites added with laminar nanoclays (calcined hydrotalcite, HT, and montmorillonite, MMT) loaded with lemon waste natural dye (LD) and essential oil (LEO) were prepared and characterized. The optimal conditions to synthetize the hybrid materials were obtained by using statistically designed experiments. The maximum LD adsorption with HT was found using 5 wt% of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 5 wt% of mordant (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate) and 50% (v/v) ethanol. For MMT, 10 wt% of surfactant (cetylpyridinium bromide), 5 wt% of mordant, 1 wt% of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 100% distilled water were used. LEO adsorption at 300 wt% was maximized with MMT, 10 wt% of surfactant and 50 °C following an evaporation/adsorption process. The obtained hybrid nanofillers were incorporated in a polyester-based matrix (INZEA) at different loadings (3, 5, and 7 wt%) and the obtained samples were characterized in terms of thermal stability, tensile behavior, and color properties. HT_LEM-based samples showed a bright yellow color compared to MMT_LEM ones. The presence of lemon hybrid pigments in INZEA-based systems produced a remarkable variation in CIELAB color space values, which was more visible with increasing the nanofillers ratio. A limited mechanical enhancement and reduced thermal stability was observed with the nanopigments addition, suggesting a limited extent of intercalation/exfoliation of MMT and HT in the polymer matrix. MMT_LEM pigments showed higher thermal stability than HT_LEM ones. A significant increase in Young's modulus of nanocomposites loaded with hybrid LEO was observed compared to the biopolymer matrix. The LEO inclusion into the nanoclays efficiently improved its thermal stability, especially for MMT. ; The authors express their gratitude to the Bio Based Industries Consortium and European Commission for the financial support to the project BARBARA: Biopolymers with advanced functionalities for building and automotive parts processed through additive manufacturing. This project has received funding from the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 745578.

[EN] Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of hard biological tissues is challenging due to the fleeting lifetime and low strength of their response to resonant stimuli, especially at low magnetic fields. Consequently, the impact of MRI on some medical applications, such as dentistry, continues to be limited. Here, we present three-dimensional reconstructions of ex-vivo human teeth, as well as a rabbit head and part of a cow femur, all obtained at a field strength of 260 mT. These images are the first featuring soft and hard tissues simultaneously at sub-Tesla fields, and they have been acquired in a home-made, special-purpose, pre-medical MRI scanner designed with the goal of demonstrating dental imaging at low field settings. We encode spatial information with two pulse sequences: Pointwise-Encoding Time reduction with Radial Acquisition and a new sequence we have called Double Radial Non-Stop Spin Echo, which we find to perform better than the former. For image reconstruction we employ Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) as well as standard Fourier methods. An analysis of the resulting images shows that ART reconstructions exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio with a more homogeneous noise distribution. ; We thank anonymous donors for their tooth samples, Andrew Webb and Thomas O'Reilly (LUMC) for discussions on hardware and pulse sequences, and Antonio Tristan (UVa) for information on reconstruction techniques. This work was supported by the European Commission under Grants 737180 (FET-OPEN: HISTO-MRI) and 481 (ATTRACT: DentMRI). Action co-financed by the European Union through the Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020 (IDIFEDER/2018/022). Santiago Aja-Fernandez acknowledges Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain for research grant RTI2018-094569-B-I00. ; Algarín-Guisado, JM.; Díaz-Caballero, E.; Borreguero-Morata, J.; Galve, F.; Grau-Ruiz, D.; Rigla, JP.; Bosch-Esteve, R. (2020). Simultaneous imaging of hard and soft biological ...

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the field of image processing, particularly in facial recognition. The number of deployments and experiments of this type of system is rapidly increasing. Most applications are motivated either by security or by commercial considerations. However, there are different opinions regarding the use of these systems, particularly in the public space. Considering the lack of consensus on a technology that can have a significant impact on society, many organizations have alerted public opinion and called for a public debate on this topic. We believe that such a debate is indeed necessary. However, for such a debate to be productive, it is essential to ensure that arguments can be expressed and confronted in a rigorous way. In particular, it is critical to avoid, as much as possible, preconceptions and to distinguish established facts from assumptions or opinions. The purpose of this document is precisely to set the terms of the debate on a solid basis. Our aim is not to take a position on facial recognition in general or to provide an exhaustive review of its applications, but rather to propose some elements of methodology for the analysis of its impacts, illustrated by some examples. The importance of conducting impact assessments of facial recognition technologies is underlined by institutions such as the European Commission and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) but there is still a lack of methodology to put them into practice. As facial recognition applications are very different, it is necessary to precisely analyse the potential impacts of each system, taking into account all its features and the context of its deployment. However, this case-by-case analysis should not overlook the more "systemic" risk related to a potential generalization of the reliance on facial recognition in our societies. This global risk must also be analysed and debated because it may justify, according to some people, a total or partial ban of facial recognition.

Natural dyes obtained from agro-food waste can be considered promising substitutes of synthetic dyes to be used in several applications. With this aim, in the present work, we studied the use of chlorophyll dye (CD) extracted from broccoli waste to obtain hybrid nanopigments based on calcined hydrotalcite (HT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays. The synthesized chlorophyll hybrid nanopigments (CDNPs), optimized by using statistical designed experiments, were melt-extruded with a polyester-based matrix (INZEA) at 7 wt% loading. Mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological and colour properties of the obtained bionanocomposites were evaluated. The obtained results evidenced that the maximum CD adsorption into HT was obtained when adding 5 wt% of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate) without using any biomordant and coupling agent, while the optimal conditions for MMT were achieved without adding any of the studied modifiers. In both cases, an improvement in CD thermal stability was observed by its incorporation in the nanoclays, able to protect chlorophyll degradation. The addition of MMT to INZEA resulted in large ΔE* values compared to HT incorporation, showing bionanocomposite green/yellow tones as a consequence of the CDNPs addition. The results obtained by XRD and TEM revealed a partially intercalated/exfoliated structure for INZEA-based bionanocomposites, due to the presence of an inorganic filler in the formulation of the commercial product, which was also confirmed by TGA analysis. CDNPs showed a reinforcement effect due to the presence of the hybrid nanopigments and up to 26% improvement in Young's modulus compared to neat INZEA. Finally, the incorporation of CDNPs induced a decrease in thermal stability as well as limited effect in the melting/crystallization behaviour of the INZEA matrix. The obtained results showed the potential use of green natural dyes from broccoli wastes, adsorbed into nanoclays, for the development of naturally coloured bionanocomposites. ; The authors express their gratitude to the Bio Based Industries Consortium and European Commission for the financial support to the project BARBARA: Biopolymers with advanced functionalities for building and automotive parts processed through additive manufacturing. This project received funding from the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 745578.