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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction to Policing in an Age of Reform -- Introduction -- Conditions for Reform in Great Britain -- Conditions for Police Reform in the United States -- Conditions for an Age of Reform in France -- Where We Converge and Diverge on the Issues of Police Reform -- Perspectives for Police Reform -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Changing the Game: A Sociological Perspective on Police Reform -- Introduction -- A Sociological Perspective -- The Logic of Practice -- The Logic of Police Practice: An Example from Wilmington, Delaware -- Thought as a Struggle for Power -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 3 Community Policing: Often Advocated, Rarely Practiced -- Oversight and Accountability -- Organisational Levels of Community Policing -- The Way Forward -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Policing in an Age of Reform-An Overview of the United Kingdom Community-Centred Police Model -- Policing by Consent and How It Is Applied -- Neighbourhood Policing -- A Summary of Some of the Public Disturbances and Concerns -- Culture and Service Delivery -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Community Dynamics, Collective Efficacy, and Police Reform -- Introduction -- Human Agency and Efficacy Beliefs -- The Concept of Neighbourhood -- Neighbourhoods as Groups -- Neighbourhood Dynamics, Neighbourhood Atmosphere, and Collective Efficacy -- Data and Methods -- Analytic Strategy -- Findings -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Policing Hate Crime: Dilemmas in Policy and Practice -- First Dilemma: Granting Enhanced Credibility to Individuals Reporting Hate Crimes -- Second Dilemma: Inclusion Within, and Exclusion from, Hate Crime Status -- Third Dilemma: Policing Hate Crimes That Do Not Involve Physical Violence or Harm.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Revisiting Gender and Sexuality Justice in Asia-Bridging Academia and Activism -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part IGender Justice in Asia -- 1 Gender Inequality, Mainstreaming Strategies and Perpetual Liminalities -- Introduction -- Liminality and Studying Policy Impact -- A 'Death' of What Was -- The World Bank, Community Development and Gender Equality -- The 'Birth' of New Values, Behaviours and Practices -- A Case Study on Attitudes -- Almost Anew -- Perpetual Liminalities -- References -- 2 Hail Hijabis: Celebrification of Influencers by Postmodern Malay-Muslim Women in Malaysia -- Introduction -- The Malaynnials and Modesty -- The Rise of the Micro-celebrity -- Performativity in Celebrification: A Theoretical Framework -- Methodology -- Findings and Discussion -- Performativity in Celebrification at Individual Level -- Performativity in Celebrification at Micro-celebrity Level -- Performativity in Celebrification at Societal Level -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Gendering Adat Law: Women's Rights Activists in Balinese Customary Affairs -- Introduction -- Balinese Women in Customary Law -- Women's Rights Activism in Customary Affairs -- Achievements and Limitations -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Sexuality as Struggle: Michel Houellebecq and the South East Asian Sex Trade -- Humans as Capital in the Age of Industrialization -- Marketing Clichés of the Cultural (/Sexual) Other -- The Social Marginalization of Sex Workers and Sex Tourists -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Hindu Mothers and Muslim-Convert Fathers: Custody Battles at the Intersection of Gender, Religion and Rights in Malaysia -- Introduction -- Socio-Cultural Background of the Malaysian Legal System -- The Hindu Mother(s) and the Muslim-Convert Father(s) -- Battling for Children, Religion and Rights in the Courts.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of tables and figures -- Introduction -- Democratic Organisations Are Novel -- Democratic Organisations Are Necessary -- Democratic Organisations Are Possible -- Overview of the Book -- 1. Prevailing Organisations and Alternatives -- What's Wrong with Our Organisations? -- Viable Alternatives: Democratic Organisations -- Interest-Oriented Democratic Organisations -- Ownership-Oriented Democratic Organisations -- Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) Organisations -- Key Criteria of Democratic Organisations -- PART I: The Model of the Democratic Organisation -- 2. Libertarian Constitution -- Free Will and Free Individuals -- Self-Ownership and Inalienable Rights -- Private Ownership and Property Rights -- The Partnership Agreement and the Democratic Organisation -- 3. Democratic Governance -- Governance: Democratic Governance -- Democratic Institutions of Governance -- Legitimate Authoritative Sources -- Democratic Governing -- 'Good Governance' -- Democratic Governance of the Democratic Organisation -- 4. Democratic Management -- Hierarchy and/or Heterarchy: Democratic Management -- Self-Management -- Representative Management -- Participative Management -- The Elements of Democratic Management -- 5. Equalising Empowerment -- From Equal Rights to Equal Power and the Idea of Equalising Empowerment -- Meaning(s) and a Three-Dimensional Concept of Empowerment and Disempowerment -- The Formal, Psychological, and Social Disempowerment of the Many -- Empowering the Disempowered Many -- The Formal, Psychological, and Social Empowerment of the Few -- Disempowering the Empowered Few -- How Equalising Empowerment Works -- 6. Considerate Conduct of Business -- Conduct of Business: Considerate Conduct of Business -- People: Social Orientation and Social Behaviour.

Cover -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface: Latino Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities -- Part I: An Introduction to Latino Entrepreneurship-Historical Perspectives and Data Sources -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Advancing U.S. Latino Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 2: Entrepreneurs from the Beginning: Latino Business and Commerce since the Sixteenth Century -- Chapter 3: Latino Business and Commerce: A Contemporary View -- Chapter 4: The Economic Contributions of Latino Entrepreneurs -- Chapter 5: The State of Latino Entrepreneurship: SLEI Research and Findings -- Part II: Macro Perspectives: A Regional Approach -- Chapter 6: Latino Farm Entrepreneurship in Rural America -- Chapter 7: Shaping Success: Exploring the Evolution of Latino Businesses in Three Major U.S. Counties -- Chapter 8: Mexican American Founder Narratives at High-Growth Firms on the South Texas-Mexican Border -- Part III: Micro Perspectives: Individual and Group-Level Analysis -- Chapter 9: Social Network Utilization among Latino-Owned Business -- Chapter 10: Acculturation and Latino-Owned Business Success: Patterns and Connections -- Chapter 11: The Business of Language: Latino Entrepreneurs, Language Use, and Firm Performance -- Chapter 12: How Can Entrepreneurship Serve as a Pathway to Reduce Income Inequality among Hispanic Women? -- Part IV: Practice and Policy -- Chapter 13: SLEI-Education Scaling Program: A Business Program of "National Economic Imperative" -- Chapter 14: The G.R.E.A.T. Gacela Theory: Increasing Capital and Conditions for Success for High-Potential Latino Entrepreneurs Capable of Transforming Our Economy and Our Country -- Conclusion: A New National Economic Imperative -- About the Contributors -- Index.

It is time for International Relations (IR) to join the relational revolution afoot in the natural and social sciences. To do so, more careful reflection is needed on cosmological assumptions in the sciences and also in the study and practice of international relations. In particular it is argued here that we need to pay careful attention to whether and how we think 'relationally'. Building a conversation between relational cosmology, developed in natural sciences, and critical social theory, this book seeks to develop a new perspective on how to think relationally in and around the study of IR. International Relations in a Relational Universe asks: What kind of cosmological background assumptions do we make as we tackle international relations today and where do our assumptions (about states, individuals, or the international) come from? And can we reorient our cosmological imaginations towards more relational understanding of the universe and what would this mean for the study and practice of international politics?The book argues that we live in a world without 'things', a world of processes and relations. It also suggests that we live in relations which exceed the boundaries of the human and the social, in planetary relations with plants and animals. Rethinking conceptual premises of IR, Kurki points towards a 'planetary politics' perspective within which we can reimagine IR as a field of study and also political practices, including the future of democracy.

How do people survive and thrive in the uncertain and risk-prone Sahel? Land, Investment, and Migration seeks to answer this question through a long-term study of the people of Dlonguebougou in Central Mali. It uses a combination of infographics, satellite images, interviews, and survey data to present the strategies and fortunes of individuals and their families in this region over 35 years.0In the early 1980s Camilla Toulmin spent two years in Dlonguebougou. She has since revisited to explore how climate change, population growth, new technologies, and land-grabs have been affecting the livelihoods and prospects of local people since. Land, Investment, and Migration: Thirty-five Years of Village Life in Mali brings together her findings. A trebling in population, unpredictable rainfall, and the arrival of Chinese investment have forced people into new ways of making ends meet and building up wealth - some doing much better than others. This book presents the search for new cash incomes, the shift of people from village to town, and the erosion of collective solidarity at household and village levels.0Land, Investment, and Migration presents a mixed picture of a changing society. It shows the vibrancy of the village economy, rapid uptake of mobile phones and solar panels, and increased migration. It also shows the persistence of large family structures which offer some protection from the risks that many villagers face

This book focuses on the 20th century lives of men and women whose life-work and life experiences transgressed and surpassed the national boundaries that existed or emerged in the 20th century. The chapters explore how these life-stories add innovative transnational perspectives to the entangled histories of the world wars, decolonization, the Cold War and post-colonialism.The subjects vary from artists, intellectuals, and politicians to ordinary citizens, each with their own unique set of experiences, interactions and interpretations. They trace the building of socio-cultural and professional networks, the casual encounters of everyday life, and the travel, translation, and preserving of life stories in different media. In these multiple ways the book makes a strong case for reclaiming lost personal narratives that have been passed over by more orthodox nation-state focused approaches.These explorations make use of social and historical categories such as class, gender, religion and race in a transnational context, arguing that the transnational characteristics of these categories overflow the nation-state frame. In this way they can be used to 'unhinge' the primarily national context of history-writing.By drawing on personal records and other primary sources, the chapters in this book release many layers of subjectivity otherwise lost, enabling a richer understanding of how individuals move through, interact with and are affected by the major events of their time

"When the Declaration of Independence was signed by a group of wealthy white men in 1776, poor white men, African Americans, and women quickly discovered that the unalienable rights it promised were not truly for all. The Nineteenth Amendment eventually gave women the right to vote in 1920, but the change was not welcomed by people of all genders in politically and religiously conservative Kentucky. As a result, the suffrage movement in the Commonwealth involved a tangled web of stakeholders, entrenched interest groups, unyielding constitutional barriers, and activists with competing strategies. In A Simple Justice, Melanie Beals Goan offers a new and deeper understanding of the women's suffrage movement in Kentucky by following the people who labored long and hard to see the battle won. Women's suffrage was not simply a question of whether women could and should vote; it carried more serious implications for white supremacy and for the balance of federal and state powers-especially in a border state. Shocking racial hostility surfaced even as activists were working to make America more equitable. Goan looks beyond iconic figures such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to reveal figures whose names have been lost to history. Laura Clay and Madeline McDowell Breckinridge led the Kentucky movement, but they did not do it alone. This timely study introduces readers to individuals across the Bluegrass State who did their part to move the nation closer to achieving its founding ideals"--

"For just under thirty years, between its creation in 1928 and its closure in 1956, the barrio rojo, or red-light district around Huatica Street, originally known as 20 September Street, in La Victoria district, was the centre of brothel prostitution in the Peruvian capital, a place where many thousands of men, like Mario Vargas Llosa's character Alberto, and indeed, Vargas Llosa himself, went in search of Golden Toes and others like her.1 The creation of Lima's barrio rojo in 1928 was the culminating achievement of the promoters of regulation, the attempt to control the spread of venereal disease through the medical policing of female prostitutes. As they did in most of Latin America (and parts of Europe, Africa and Asia) at this time, elites in Peru too argued that the regulation of prostitution was not only imperative from a moral and public health perspective; it was also the "modern" way to deal with prostitution and venereal disease, and particularly with syphilis, a disease that affected the health of the individual and, because of its presumed hereditary effects, the vitality of the nation as a whole. By the 1950s, however, few held such views. Lima's red-light district was now seen as a source of moral and epidemiological danger. This book examines what the both the creation and closure of Lima's barrio rojo tells us about Peruvian society in the first half of the twentieth century"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: Bringing women 'on board' -- Contribution -- Malaysia: The planning and politics of economic competitiveness -- An international political economy of competitiveness -- Competitiveness and (gendered) state transformation -- Chapter structure -- Notes -- Chapter 1: Promoting competitiveness in Malaysia -- The appeal to competitiveness -- Stuck in the middle? -- Planning for competitiveness: The new public management -- Competitiveness, enterprising individuals, and ethnicity -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Transforming women's economic participation: Gender policies as competitiveness promotion -- The state as a site of gender politics -- Doing gender and development policymaking within the Malaysian state -- Women and work in Malaysia: Background -- Planning to increase women's labour force participation -- Reorienting the household economy to the service of the knowledge economy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 3: 'A first-class mentality with a heart for progress'1: The family, Islam, and the moral political economy of competitiveness -- Conceptualising the moral political economy: Crafting consumer-citizens as a moral project -- Refashioning the modern Malaysian family -- State family policy and the SMARTSTART programme -- Islamic modernities and economic competitiveness -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Civil society, market feminism, and the creation of 'board ready' women -- Gender politics and women's activism -- Feminist or corporate success story? Women's representation on corporate boards -- Critics or complicit? Civil society and economic transformation in Malaysia -- Conclusion -- Notes.

1. Dipping in to the North: Living, Working and Traveling in Sparsely Populated Areas -- 2. Who Lives in the Inland North? Dynamic, Diverse, Fragile, Robust -- 3. Small Villages and Socio-Economic Change in Resource Peripheries: A View from Northern Sweden -- 4. The Myth of the Immobile Rural: The Case of Rural Villages in Iceland -- 5. The Changing Youth Population -- 6. Housing in SPAs: Too Much of Nothing or Too Much for 'Free'? -- 7. Lifestyle Migrants and Intercultural Communication in Swedish Villages -- 8. Who Works in the North? Challenges and Opportunities for Employment -- 9. Tradition Is Essential: Clashing Articulations of Sami Identity, Past and Present -- 10. A Socially Accountable Health and Care Workforce in Northern Sweden: Who Should It Contain, Who Is It for and What Should It Do? -- 11. Is Downshifting Easier in the Countryside? Focus Group Visions on Individual Sustainability Transitions -- 12. Stayin' Alive: New Associations in Southern Lapland Farming -- 13. Spicy Meatballs and Mango Sylt: Exploring Food Practices as a Means to Promoting Entrepreneurship in Rural Sweden -- 14. Who Travels to the North? Challenges and Opportunities for Tourism -- 15. Cities of the North: Gateways, Competitors or Regional Markets for Hinterland Tourism Destinations? -- 16. Strategic Objective? Contemporary Discourse on Russian Second-Home Ownership in Finland -- 17. Selling Greenness -- 18. Arctification and the Paradox of Overtourism in Sparsely Populated Areas -- 19. Tourism, Seasonality and the Attraction of Youth -- 20 Epilogue: From Growth to Decline to Degrowth? The Future of Northern SPAs.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Introduction: Equality as a Multifaceted Concept -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Moral Equality: An Enlightened and Spiritual Ideal -- 1.3 Why Enlightened Politics Were/Are Not Always so Enlightened -- 1.4 Current Challenges on the Socioeconomic Level -- 1.5 Challenges on the Sociocultural Level -- 1.6 Why and When Is Inequality Is Morally Wrong? -- 1.7 Politics of Equality -- 1.8 Enduring Equality -- 1.9 Egalitarian and Skeptical Voices -- 1.10 Outline of the Book -- References -- Part II Theories & -- Histories -- 2 Egalitarianism: A Tour d'horizon -- 2.1 Introduction: Treating People with Equal Concern and Respect -- 2.2 Equality and Liberty -- 2.3 Equality of What? What Needs to Be Distributed Equally? -- Resource Theories -- Welfare Theories -- Capability Theories -- 2.4 What Is the Role of Individual Responsibility in Egalitarian Theories? -- Dworkin's Luck Egalitarian Critique to Rawls -- Expensive Tastes: Dworkin vs. Cohen -- A Plethora of Visions -- 2.5 Which Redistribution Principle? -- Strict Egalitarianism -- Prioritarianism -- Sufficientarism -- Limitarianism -- 2.6 Social Egalitarianism -- No Status Hierarchy and Domination -- No Oppression -- An Egalitarian Social Ethos -- Redistribution and Recognition -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Equality, Rights and Community: A Long Term Perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Equality Before Redistribution and Universal Rights -- 3.3 The Waning of Communal Ideologies in the Early Modern Period -- 3.4 Universal Rights and Its Challenges -- 3.5 Towards Redistribution Based on Labour and Merit -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Multiculturalism Today: Difference, Equality and Interculturalism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Multicultural Accommodation of Difference.

Given the significant similarities and differences between the welfare states of Northern Europe and their reactions to the perceived 'refugee crisis' of 2015, the book focuses primarily on the three main cases of Denmark, Sweden and Germany. Placed in a wider Northern European context – and illustrated by those chapters that also discuss refugee experiences in Norway and the UK – the Danish, Swedish and German cases are the largest case studies of this edited volume. Thus, the book contributes to debates on the governance of non-citizens and the meaning of displacement, mobility and seeking asylum by providing interdisciplinary analyses of a largely overlooked region of the world, with two specific aims. First, we scrutinize the construction of the 2015 crisis as a response to the large influx of refugees, paying particular attention to the disciplinary discourses and bureaucratic structures that are associated with it. Second, we investigate refugees' encounters with these bureaucratic structures and consider how these encounters shape hopes for building a new life after displacement. This allows us to show that the mobility of specific segments of the world's population continues to be seen as a threat and a risk that has to be governed and controlled. Focusing on the Northern European context, our volume interrogates emerging policies and discourses as well as the lived experiences of bureaucratization from the perspective of individuals who find themselves the very objects of bureaucracies

Tax systems worldwide face far-reaching transformations through the implementation of digital technologies. A growing body of academic literature addresses these transformations and explores how digitalisation is affecting the operations and efficiency of revenue agencies, and taxpayer compliance. However, the literature largely ignores the diversified body of research regarding the characteristics, dynamics and determinants of the "fiscal contract". This term describes an implicit agreement between state and both citizen and business taxpayers that associates individual tax compliance and the distribution of the tax burden within a society with public service delivery and access to political decision-making. Fiscal contract theory helps us to understand that taxation is primarily a political - not a technical - issue. But what happens if some technologies cause profound power shifts in the relationship between revenue authorities and taxpayers? Will they trigger the emergence of broad-based, stable fiscal contracts, or might tax system digitalisation increase exclusion and decrease stability? What drives these changes? How do digital technologies in the tax systems of developing countries affect their fiscal contracts? This paper seeks to lay the conceptual groundwork at the intersection of two dynamic academic debates. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it proposes a research framework that combines economic, public management and political science perspectives in order to generate knowledge about institutional, attitudinal and behavioural responses to tax system digitalisation.

Intro -- List of Figures, Tables, Charts and Boxes -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Notes and Abbreviations -- Part One: Context-Consolidated Gold Fields -- 1. The Consolidated Gold Fields of South Africa -- 2. New Horizons for a British Mining House -- Part Two: Early Investments in Australia -- 3. Western Australian Gold -- 4. Broader Associations -- 5. Lake George and New Guinea -- Part Three: A New Force in Australian Mining 1960-1966 -- 6. A New Approach to Australia -- 7. New Men and a New Model -- 8. A Range of Investments -- Part Four: Expansion, Consolidation and Restructuring 1966-1981 -- 9. Move to an Australian Shareholding -- 10. Expansion and Consolidation 1966-1976 -- 11. Acquisition and Diversification -- 12. Portfolio Challenges -- 13. Portfolio Review 1975-1981 -- Part Five: A Majority Australian Owned Mining Company 1981-1989 -- 14. Formation of a Diversified Mining Company -- 15. The Initial Years -- 16. New Interests and Diversification -- 17. The Challenges of the Parent -- Part Six: The Final Decade 1990-1998 -- 18. Hanson on the Register -- 19. Tumultuous Years 1990-1994 -- 20. Final Years -- 21. The End of an Era -- Afterword: Reflections of Consolidated Gold Fields in Australia -- Appendix 1. Technical Terms -- Appendix 2. Chairmen and Managing Directors -- Appendix 3. Biographical Information of Key Individuals -- Appendix 4. Performance of CGFA and RGC Investments -- Appendix 5. Mineral Sands Performance, 1977-1997 -- Appendix 6. Renison Performance, 1977-1997 -- Appendix 7. Mount Lyell Performance, 1977-1995 -- Appendix 8. Performance of Gold and Other Interests -- Bibliography -- Index.