Suchergebnisse

Zaïre has been open to external penetration from its earliest days as the Congo Independent State of King Léopold II, but unlike most other weak and vulnerable African states it has experienced repeated military interventions. When President Mobutu Sese Seko addressed the U.N. General Assembly in October 1973 he formally thanked the world organisation for preserving his country during the early 1960s:If a small minority of member countries of this organisation had refused to participate in the Congo operation, at the time, the vast majority had, however, spontaneously put troops at its disposition or intervened in favour of this operation. This permitted the maintenance of peace, unity, and the integrity of the national territory.

<i>This paper explores the study environment, teaching-learning activity, and employment status of the Public Health discipline. Qualitative research was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. We recruited graduates, lecturers, and employers using the snowball sampling method and purpose. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (No. 550/HDDD-DHYD), and the oral consent form was obtained for each in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The number of participants in the focus group discussions was 20, equal to those in the in-depth interviews. There were 22 women (55%) and 47.5% of people over 35 years. University was the highest choice for working (47.5%), and over 50% of people had post-graduate degrees. The Faculty of Public Health is a romantic place with various green spaces and fresh air on Hung Phu Street and a modern building at 12A of Hong Bang Street. There are various teaching-learning activities, such as role-playing, case study, group discussion, writing report, presentations, and thesis defenses. Employers satisfy the Public Health graduate student knowledge and skills; however, they must improve their soft skills for job adaptation. This study's results may help to supply evidence for our university to improve the educational training program of Public Health. Furthermore, it may contribute to the expected learning outcomes to train human resources, which satisfies employers' needs and requirements of social changes relating to Public Health professionals.</i>

This study aims to analyze the economic and technical viability for either nuclear fuel reprocessing or permanent storage in Spain. Utilizing various international studies regarding nuclear fuel reprocessing, this study reaches an objective conclusion while taking into consideration the various variable and stable costs for the open and closed cycles. A sensitivity analysis was then introduced which identifies the most influential parameters in the final price. This analysis is essential in understanding the results obtained and emphasizes the need to specify a range of costs for both cycles and to see what factors affect these results. The sensitivity analysis describes the factors that play a large role in determining costs and will display the range of values that arise from the variability of costs for those factors. The uncertainty analysis compares the nominal values used in this study and describes how these values are likely to change with time resulting in a range of values for both cycles.

The French philosophers Gilles Deleuze (1925-95) and Félix Guattari (1930-92) gathered two seminal texts in On The Line. In "Rhizome," Deleuze and Guattari introduced a new kind of thinking, which is both nondialectical and non-hierarchical, substituted pragmatic and free-floating logic to our usual binary, oppositional, and exclusive logic model, and offered an early template to understand the internet. In "Politics," Deleuze and Guattari envisaged society as a series of lines, reinvented politics as a process of flux whose outcome is always unpredictable, and suggested that the creativity and multiplicity of its flows can redirect and question capitalism. According to On The Line, China always rebounds after most of the country is destroyed. China starts up again on one of its old lines, or on new lines, when it is shattered at a given spot. A rupture occurs in China whenever segmentary lines explode into a line of flight. After each rupture, there is a danger that China will stratify again everything, from Taoist resurgences to communist concretions. China experts can never posit a dualism or a dichotomy, even in the rudimentary form of the good and bad. China has valued the making of flat spaces, traditionally for food production and today for profit-making in the well-connected global economy. China's vision of state-building has always been at odds with the physical reality of a country rich in hills and mountains. We have had so far thirty centuries of unsustainable development.

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of organizational structure on administrative efficiency in the case of some selected public organizations of the federal government. The research is qualitative and quantitative research approach using Cross sectional survey method and purposive sampling method was employed to select the sample from the relevant target population. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Primary data were collected using five Point Likert-Scale out of 190 questionnaires 181 responses were properly filled and returned and only 6 middle level managers were interviewed out of 10, which cover 93.5 %. The finding results indicated that the mean value for PPDU (mean=3.21), FPPA (mean=3.43), and PPPDS (mean=2.84) were above average which indicate that public procurement units are moderately contributed to administrative efficiency. The correlation result for PPDU (r=0.417, P<0.01), FPPA (r= 0.369, p<0.01) and PPPDS (r=0.355, p<0.01) indicated that there were positive relationship between all of independent variables and the dependent variable, rejecting all null hypotheses. This implies that any increase or decrease on the independent variable will bring corresponding change on administrative efficiency. It's found that the independent variables has a 43.6% influence on the dependent variable while the remaining 56.4% is influenced by factors which are not covered in this study. Hence, the public procurement units review its structure and system in order to improve the limitation on administrative efficiency.

MANY HAVE ARGUED THAT THE NATION-STATE IS WITHERING IN THE FACE OF GLOBALIZATION, ON THE ONE HAND, AND A RISING ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS, ON THE OTHER. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO REVIEW CRITICALLY THESE ARGUMENTS BY EXAMINING THE CASE OF SINGAPORE, WHERE NEITHER GLOBALIZATION NOR MULTI-ETHNICITY HAS INHIBITED THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STRONG NATION-STATE. IT ARGUES THAT VARIATIONS IN THE STRENGTH OF NATION-STATES CAN BE ELUCIDATED BY PERCEIVING THEM AS UNITS OF IDEOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT, RATHER THAN SIMPLY AS UNITS OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT.

The article considers the features of the French model of the institution of a prefect. The influence of the decentralization of state power on the development of the legal status of the prefect is analyzed. It is established that as a result of the decentralization reform, the executive powers have been transferred from prefects to the chairmen of departmental and regional councils.It is found that the powers of the prefect have a constitutional basis and are aimed at ensuring national interests, exercising administrative control and enforcing laws. The main powers of the prefect as a representative of the state at the corresponding levels of administrative-territorial organization are described. It is established that the functions of the prefect of the region and the department, as a rule, are simultaneously combined by one of the prefects of the department in which the main city (capital) of the region is located. At the same time, the prefect of the department, in accordance with current legislation, is subordinate to the prefect of the region, and the subprefect acts as an assistant to the prefect of the department in the administrative district. It is also found that there is an interest at the level of parliamentary initiatives in strengthening the role of sub-prefects as the level of representation of the state closest to the population.Much of the study focuses on the prefect's interaction with local governments, including oversight of the rule of law. The mechanisms of control are highlighted and it is revealed that through the control over the legitimacy of acts of local self-government bodies, the indirect influence of the prefect on decision-making at the local level is manifested. It is found that in the process of decentralization, the influence of the prefect on local governments has significantly diminished. As a result of the reform, instead of taking care of local governments, the prefect was given the competence to supervise their activities.Taking into account the above-mentioned factors, it is concluded that the prefect acts as a guarantor of the unity of the republic, as well as ensures the observance of public order and uniform application of the law throughout the territory. In addition, his functions as a representative of the state are aimed at a partnership with local governments.Given the results obtained, the positive experience of the French Republic can be applied to the successful promotion of domestic decentralization reform and used for further research in this area. ; Розглянуто особливості французької моделі інституту префекта і проаналізовано вплив децентралізації державної влади на розвиток правового статусу префекта.Охарактеризовано основні повноваження префекта як представника держави на відповідних рівнях адміністративно-територіального устрою і встановлено, що внаслідок реформи децентралізації виконавчі повноваження передано від префектів до голів рад департаментів і регіонів. З'ясовано, що на рівні парламентських ініціатив спостерігається зацікавленість у посиленні ролі субпрефекта як рівня представництва держави найбільш наближеного до населення.Значну частину дослідження присвячено розгляду питання взаємодії префекта з органами місцевого самоврядування, зокрема нагляду за дотриманням законності. Висвіт­лено механізми контролю та виявлено, що через контроль за легітимністю актів органів місцевого самоврядування проявляється непрямий вплив префекта на прийняття рішень на місцевому рівні. З'ясовано, що в процесі децентралізації його вплив на органи місцевого самоврядування значно пом'якшився, адже внаслідок проведеної реформи, замість опіки префектові надано компетенцію нагляду за їхньою діяльністю.Зважаючи на вищезазначене, зроблено висновок, що префект виступає гарантом унітарності республіки, забезпечує дотримання громадського порядку й однакове застосу­вання закону на всій території. Окрім того, його функції як представника держави спря­мовані на партнерську взаємодією з органами місцевого самоврядування.З огляду на отримані результати, позитивний досвід Французької республіки може бути застосовано для успішного просування вітчизняної реформи децентралізації та вико­ристано для подальших досліджень за цим напрямом.