Suchergebnisse

Adverse early experiences of adopted children tend to entail emotional deprivation, which may have impaired their attachment relationships. Using an adaptation of a projective test specifically devised to assess attachment in teenagers, the relational histories of 70 Spanish adolescent international adoptees were explored and compared to non-adopted peers. A significant association between insecure attachment and difficulties with internal representation of parental figures (birth and adoptive) appeared in young adoptees with adverse pre-placement care and late adoption. With knowledge of internal attachment's working models, professionals can improve their understanding of the adopted adolescent and go beyond mere classification of attachment patterns.

Western Europe and the New International Economic Order examines the views and positions of Western European nations regarding the New International Economic Order (NIEO). The factors influencing such positions are analyzed, namely, economic factors on the one hand, and social, political, and cultural factors on the other. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a brief sketch of Western Europe, followed by a discussion on Western Europe's reaction to four NIEO issues: the adjustment policies necessary to establish the NIEO; the Law of the Sea; the integrated approach to commodities; and official development assistance (ODA) transfers. The following chapters focus on the implications of the NIEO for Western European economy, social services, income redistribution, and social movements; the policies of Scandinavia and the so-called ''like-minded'' countries toward developing countries and the NIEO; and institutional and political factors for and against the NIEO in Western Europe. The final chapter outlines the role of Western Europe in solving the problems of the NIEO. This book will be a useful resource for economists and economic policymakers.

During the second half of the twentieth century, African states shifted away from state-led development strategies, and are now moving towards a strategy of regional economic integration. In this book, Landry Signé explores the key drivers of African policy and economic transformation, proposing a preeminent explanation of policy innovations in Africa through the examination of postcolonial strategies for economic development. Scholars and practitioners in fields as varied as development studies, political science and public policy, economics, sociology and African studies will benefit from Signé's unprecedented comparative analysis, including detailed cases from the often understudied Francophone Africa. First studying why, how and when institutional or policy change occurs in Africa, Signé explores the role of international, regional and national actors in making African economic development strategies from 1960 to date, highlighting the economic transformations of the twenty-first century.

ABSTRACTWe ask how the scope for non‐profit objectives in a state‐owned enterprise (SOE) in a mixed oligopoly changes because of competition from firms in another country. There is no change if costs and demand are given, unless the trade partner is a low‐cost country. However, the scope for non‐profit objectives is limited by the country's relative size if wages are market‐clearing and if workers and firms are stationary, because of reduced competitiveness caused by higher real wage rates. The total surplus is then not affected by the actions of the SOE. International trade does not otherwise reduce the scope for its non‐profit objectives if workers and firms are mobile, but productivity differences might require restrictions in order to avoid a complete relocation of the workforce in either country.

The papers and presentations in this volume were part of aninternational conference on Latin American and Caribbean basin securityissues hosted by the Latin American Research Centre at the University ofCalgary in May, 2013. Focusing on Canadian security policies in the region,the conference went beyond traditional notions of security and focusedon a range of human security issues: the impact of insecurity on violenceagainst women, the role of illegal armed groups, organized crime, guerrillainsurgencies, youth gangs, and the impact which armed conflict has on thephysical environment. The findings of this conference suggest that, withincreased private sector investment in the region combined, growing tradeties have implications for the image of Canada in the region and necessitatea close and effective working relationship between government andthe private sector to ensure that international standards pertaining to theenvironment and human rights are observed.

This research note examines voter preferences in Swiss-EU relations. We identify large shares of cross-pressured voters, i.e., citizens who support the bilateral treaties but wish to either control immigration into Switzerland or oppose a liberalization of social protection measures on the job market. Voters experiencing a trade-off between immigration control and international cooperation are mainly located on the Right. Their share decreased between 2015 and 2019, whereas the share of neutral voters sharply increased. Moreover, negotiations about an Institutional Framework Agreement between Switzerland and the EU have given rise to a new trade-off – namely between social protection and international cooperation – with cross-pressured voters mainly concentrated on the Left. This tension has generated a high share of undecided voters. When pressured to decide on these trade-offs, cross-pressured and neutral voters opt for the bilateral treaties over immigration control, whereas they prefer social protection over the new agreement. Partisanship is a strong predictor of these choices.

The policies to fight diseases in general and malaria in particular since 1948 have met different forms in their implementation on a local scale. The example of the Côte d'Ivoire that this study has brought into light perfectly illustrates that point. From an "eradication of malaria" policy that ranges from 1955 to 1970 to a control of malaria since then, the fighting directives, which go along with the main health programs of international institution, have been variously implemented, at least as far as malaria is concerned. The reasons that account for this discrepancy between normative indications and therapeutical practices are both exogenous and endogenous. This study thus illustrates the contradictions between health policies decided upstream and their implementation downstream. It also helps to understand the major role of the World Health Organisation in its govemance in world health. But it does not ignore the huge and still remaining difficulties of health systems of developing countries such as the Côte d'Ivoire in spite of all the efforts undertaken by the WHO to deal with them. ; Les politiques de lutte contre les maladies plus généralement et celles relatives au paludisme singulièrement, mises en œuvre depuis 1948, ont connu des fortunes diverses dans leur application à l'échelle locale. L'exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire que cette recherche a mis en lumière en est la parfaite illustration. Ainsi, de la politique «d'éradication du paludisme» qui couvre la période 1955-1970, à laquelle succède celle du contrôle du paludisme depuis cette date, les directives de lutte, qui accompagnent les grands programmes de santé de l'institution internationale, ont été diversement appliquées, du moins en ce qui concerne le paludisme. Les raisons de ce décalage entre les indications normatives et les pratiques thérapeutiques sont à la fois exogènes et endogènes. Cette étude illustre ainsi les contradictions entre les politiques de santé décidées en amont, et leur application, en aval. Elle permet de saisir aussi, le rôle central de l'OMS dans la gouvernance de la santé mondiale. Mais, elle n'occulte pas pour autant les énormes difficultés encore pendantes des systèmes de santé des pays en voie de développement comme la Côte d'Ivoire, malgré tous les efforts entrepris par l'OMS pour y remédier.

The policies to fight diseases in general and malaria in particular since 1948 have met different forms in their implementation on a local scale. The example of the Côte d'Ivoire that this study has brought into light perfectly illustrates that point. From an "eradication of malaria" policy that ranges from 1955 to 1970 to a control of malaria since then, the fighting directives, which go along with the main health programs of international institution, have been variously implemented, at least as far as malaria is concerned. The reasons that account for this discrepancy between normative indications and therapeutical practices are both exogenous and endogenous. This study thus illustrates the contradictions between health policies decided upstream and their implementation downstream. It also helps to understand the major role of the World Health Organisation in its govemance in world health. But it does not ignore the huge and still remaining difficulties of health systems of developing countries such as the Côte d'Ivoire in spite of all the efforts undertaken by the WHO to deal with them. ; Les politiques de lutte contre les maladies plus généralement et celles relatives au paludisme singulièrement, mises en œuvre depuis 1948, ont connu des fortunes diverses dans leur application à l'échelle locale. L'exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire que cette recherche a mis en lumière en est la parfaite illustration. Ainsi, de la politique «d'éradication du paludisme» qui couvre la période 1955-1970, à laquelle succède celle du contrôle du paludisme depuis cette date, les directives de lutte, qui accompagnent les grands programmes de santé de l'institution internationale, ont été diversement appliquées, du moins en ce qui concerne le paludisme. Les raisons de ce décalage entre les indications normatives et les pratiques thérapeutiques sont à la fois exogènes et endogènes. Cette étude illustre ainsi les contradictions entre les politiques de santé décidées en amont, et leur application, en aval. Elle permet de saisir aussi, le rôle central de l'OMS dans la gouvernance de la santé mondiale. Mais, elle n'occulte pas pour autant les énormes difficultés encore pendantes des systèmes de santé des pays en voie de développement comme la Côte d'Ivoire, malgré tous les efforts entrepris par l'OMS pour y remédier.

The policies to fight diseases in general and malaria in particular since 1948 have met different forms in their implementation on a local scale. The example of the Côte d'Ivoire that this study has brought into light perfectly illustrates that point. From an "eradication of malaria" policy that ranges from 1955 to 1970 to a control of malaria since then, the fighting directives, which go along with the main health programs of international institution, have been variously implemented, at least as far as malaria is concerned. The reasons that account for this discrepancy between normative indications and therapeutical practices are both exogenous and endogenous. This study thus illustrates the contradictions between health policies decided upstream and their implementation downstream. It also helps to understand the major role of the World Health Organisation in its govemance in world health. But it does not ignore the huge and still remaining difficulties of health systems of developing countries such as the Côte d'Ivoire in spite of all the efforts undertaken by the WHO to deal with them. ; Les politiques de lutte contre les maladies plus généralement et celles relatives au paludisme singulièrement, mises en œuvre depuis 1948, ont connu des fortunes diverses dans leur application à l'échelle locale. L'exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire que cette recherche a mis en lumière en est la parfaite illustration. Ainsi, de la politique «d'éradication du paludisme» qui couvre la période 1955-1970, à laquelle succède celle du contrôle du paludisme depuis cette date, les directives de lutte, qui accompagnent les grands programmes de santé de l'institution internationale, ont été diversement appliquées, du moins en ce qui concerne le paludisme. Les raisons de ce décalage entre les indications normatives et les pratiques thérapeutiques sont à la fois exogènes et endogènes. Cette étude illustre ainsi les contradictions entre les politiques de santé décidées en amont, et leur application, en aval. Elle permet de saisir aussi, le rôle central de l'OMS dans la gouvernance de la santé mondiale. Mais, elle n'occulte pas pour autant les énormes difficultés encore pendantes des systèmes de santé des pays en voie de développement comme la Côte d'Ivoire, malgré tous les efforts entrepris par l'OMS pour y remédier.

A central point of disagreement animates global governance research. Some scholars see changing forms of global governance as eroding the power of the state. Others reject this claim, arguing that relative state power remains the most important factor in international affairs. I contend that analytical misconception confounds and misleads this debate. Both sides insist on modeling the state as a unitary actor; further, both neglect the temporal dynamics of international regime formation. I build a novel analytical framework that focuses on political processes that unfold over time and opens up the unitary state. Probing three decades of innovation in global finance, trade and environmental governance, I find no evidence of a zero-sum relationship: experimental forms of transnational governance often empower governmental actors and state agencies. However, I also conclude that relative organizational power grounded in historical processes of regime formation matters more than relative state power in shaping global regulatory change.

Summary Studies show that the implemented and certified early risk detection systems in practice are often unable to identify developments that could jeopardize a company's existence. This is due to methodological weaknesses, e.g. insufficient consideration of the liquidity effect of risks, the lack of analysis of extreme risks and, in particular, the absence of adequate risk aggregation that considers interdependencies and hence combination effects of risks. In many recent insolvencies, among them the here investigated case of Gerry Weber International AG, it is easy to see that the early risk detection system, as explained in the Annual Report, has not fulfilled the legal requirements. In order to avoid such "unexpected insolvencies", it is necessary to implement advanced risk management procedures and pursue audits that are more rigorous. The article at hand develops a concise but comprehensive assessment scheme that may not only be easily applied within companies but also by external auditors. Zusammenfassung Die meisten börsennotierten Gesellschaften haben ein Risikofrüherkennungssystem, das vom Abschlussprüfer ohne den Verweis auf schwerwiegende Mängel testiert wird. Tatsächlich zeigen Studien, dass die in der Praxis implementierten Systeme häufig ungeeignet sind, um an sich erkennbare bestandsgefährdende Entwicklungen zu identifizieren. Dies liegt an methodischen Schwächen, z. B. an einer fehlenden Betrachtung der Liquiditätswirkung von Risiken, einer vernachlässigten Analyse von Extremrisiken und insb. am Fehlen einer Risikoaggregation, die auch Kombinationseffekte berücksichtigt. Bei Insolvenzen, wie hier im Beispiel von Gerry Weber, lässt sich bei Betrachtung des dokumentierten Risikomanagementsystems erkennen, dass die gesetzlichen Anforderungen nicht erfüllt wurden. Um solche "überraschenden Insolvenzen" zu vermeiden, ist es erforderlich, bessere Verfahren zu implementieren und durch Prüfer testieren zu lassen, was bisher nicht konsequent geschieht. Der Beitrag schlägt ein einfaches aber umfassendes Prüfschema für Risikofrüherkennungssysteme vor, das sowohl intern als auch von externen Prüfern verwendet werden kann.

Purpose– This paper aims to examine how multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local partners, including suppliers, customers and competitors in China, improve their innovation capabilities through collaboration. This collaboration was analysed as a three-way interaction between the ownership-specific (O) advantages or firm-specific assets (FSAs) of the MNE subsidiary, the FSAs of the local partner and the location-specific assets of the host location.Design/methodology/approach– The propositions are examined through a survey of 320 firms, supplemented with 30 in-depth case studies, based in Mainland China.Findings– It is found that the recombination of asset-type (Oa) FSAs and transaction-type (Ot) FSAs from both partners leads to new innovation-related ownership advantages, or "recombinant advantages". Ot FSAs, in the form of access to local suppliers, customers or government networks are particularly important for reducing the liability of foreignness for MNEs.Originality/value– The study reveals important patterns of reciprocal transfer, sharing and integration for different asset categories (tacit, codified) and different forms of FSA and explicitly links these to different innovation performance outcomes. The paper reports on these findings, making an empirical contribution in an important context (China-based partnerships). This paper also contributes to conceptual developments, connecting various kinds of FSA, tacit and codifiable assets and "recombinant advantages". Limited conceptual, methodological and empirical contributions are made in linking asset integration with (measurable) innovation performance outcomes in international partnerships.