Suchergebnisse

In terms of energy security the Black Sea region is important to Europe. Inevitably and for very good reasons, a lot of attention has been given to the existing and planned pipeline routes going around or across the Black Sea. Much less attention has been given to the development of the Black Sea energy market in its own right and to the potential advantages of coping with some current and future energy issues in a multilateral regional format rather than through individual action at national level. The present book addresses, in a comprehensive manner, the current problematic of energy security and goes beyond pipeline politics, without playing down their continued significance; it addresses some topical questions related to the sustainability and resilience of energy systems as applicable to the Black Sea region. [From Amazon.com] ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/emse_books/1006/thumbnail.jpg

لخلاصة Nuclear energy is among the most important discoveries reached by the human terms contributed to the solution of many problems faced by the states. The last of these that are not only utilizing it in a peaceful area, but tended toward the military field and the nuclear weapons industry , Among these countries, we find North Korea, which has openly declared their manufacture of nuclear weapons and thus entry to the club of nuclear countries. International Atomic Energy Agency has worked to resolve the North Korea standoff but has not been able to achieve positive results, prompting the intervention of European countries in order to end the crisis. تعدُّ الطاقة النووية من بين أهم الاستكشافات التي توصل إليها الإنسان إذ ساهمت في حلِّ العديد من المشاكل التي واجهت الدول . هذه الأخيرة التي لم تكتفي بتوظيفها في المجال السلمي بل اتجهت نحو المجال العسكري وصناعة السلاح النووي .من بين هذه الدول نجد كوريا الشمالية التي أعلنت صراحة صناعتها للسلاح النووي ودخولها بذلك لنادي الدول النووية . عملت الوكالة الدولية للطاقة الذرية على حلِّ أزمة كوريا الشمالية لكنها لم تتمكن من تحقيق نتائج ايجابية ما دفع لتدخل دول أوروبية قصد إنهاء الأزمة. الكلمات المفتاحية : البرنامج النووي ،كوريا الشمالية ، التسلح النووي

This article offers an inquiry into the discursive construction of 'terrorism' by France 24, the French international broadcaster, in the aftermath of the attacks on Charlie Hebdo satirical magazine in January 2015. The article argues that the broadcaster seems to employ a relatively narrow definition of terrorism linking it to Islam and Muslims. France 24 portrays the attacks as an external phenomenon coming to France from outside. The blame is assigned to non-French factors, mainly to foreign extremist organisations, Islamist ideologues and overseas training. No reasons for violence are sought inside the country. Internal developments, such as discrimination, youth marginalisation, lack of educational and work opportunities, relations between law enforcement and the Muslim community that could potentially contribute to the acts, are not explored by the broadcaster's investigative journalism. This narrow interpretation of 'terrorism' that assigns responsibility to Muslims, Islamic indoctrination and overseas training may further alienate Muslim communities in France's already divided society. It points to narrow policy responses that focus mainly on stricter monitoring of Muslim minorities, on limiting combat and cross-border movement. This type of discourse excludes long-term policy solutions that address broader socio-politico-economic conditions in which 'terrorism' might flourish.

Transcending geographic and cultural lines, From Toussaint to Tupac is an ambitious collection of essays exploring black internationalism and its implications for a black consciousness. At its core, black internationalism is a struggle against oppression, whether manifested in slavery, colonialism, or racism. The ten essays in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of the global movements that define black internationalism, from its origins in the colonial period to the present.From Toussaint to Tupac focuses on three moments in global black history: the American and Haitian revolutions, the Garvey movement and the Communist International following World War I, and the Black Power movement of the late twentieth century. Contributors demonstrate how black internationalism emerged and influenced events in particular localities, how participants in the various struggles communicated across natural and man-made boundaries, and how the black international aided resistance on the local level, creating a collective consciousness.In sharp contrast to studies that confine Black Power to particular national locales, this volume demonstrates the global reach and resonance of the movement. The volume concludes with a discussion of hip hop, including its cultural and ideological antecedents in Black Power.Contributors:Hakim Adi, Middlesex University, LondonSylvia R. Frey, Tulane UniversityWilliam G. Martin, Binghamton UniversityBrian Meeks, University of the West Indies, Mona, JamaicaMarc D. Perry, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignLara Putnam, University of PittsburghVijay Prashad, Trinity CollegeRobyn Spencer, Lehman CollegeRobert T. Vinson, College of William and MaryMichael O. West, Binghamton UniversityFanon Che Wilkins, Doshisha University, Kyoto, JapanThe contributors are Hakim Adi, Sylvia R. Frey, William G. Martin, Brian Meeks, Marc D.

As the number of people displaced by disaster reaches record highs, this article describes how international law is relevant to disaster displacement, how refugee law is probably not the answer, and synthesises recent developments into contemporary application. New interpretations of international human rights law have advanced legal protections such that planning and preparedness to address future disasters now form an express component of states' international legal obligations. At the same time, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, exacerbating factors that cause disaster and displacement and rendering the effective implementation of international law more difficult. The further "othering" of migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic could stymie the realisation of protections as national governments close borders, anti-immigration sentiment is stoked, and economies decline.

Applies five different models of regime change to trace the transformation from whaling industry advocacy to protection of endangered whales; some focus on the 1986 International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium on commercial whaling.

The article considers some aspects of the coronavirus pandemic impact on international relations. In particular, the main directions of such influences are reviewed in detail, the essence of the world politics transformations in the virtual dimension is determined, Russia's aggressive policy in the context of a pandemic is shown, prospects of the international relations development under modern conditions are outlined. One of the main features of international relations is their relative anarchy. There is a constant perception that the status quo after the corona crisis is impossible, that international relations will no longer be the same as before the pandemic. This thesis has already become banal today. However, we can argue about the depth of the changes to come, the speed and cardinal character of world order transformations. Perhaps after the pandemic, a new situation may arise that will generate a discussion about the inadequacy of international institutions. In such circumstances, it will be possible to find more arguments for reloading the UN. Under the right conditions and political will, a pandemic can give Ukraine a chance to get out of the «gray zone» of European security and turn from a problem into a partner. If we really want to become an integral part of a «real» Europe with the EU and NATO, we need our own project of this Europe. It must be based on a realistic vision of international political reality, not an imitation of a movement for peace without a vision of the future. ; У статті розглянуто деякі аспекти впливу пандемії коронавірусу на міжнародні відносин. Здійснено огляд основних напрямів таких впливів, визначено сутність трансформацій світової політики у віртуальному вимірі, показано російську агресивну політику в контексті пандемії, окреслено перспективи розвитку міжнародних відносин у сучасних умовах. Однією з головних особливостей міжнародних відносин є їх певна анархічність. Склалося уявлення, що статус-кво після корона-кризи неможливий, що міжнародні відносини вже не будуть такими, як до пандемії. Ця теза сьогодні вже стала банальною. Проте можна сперечатися про глибину змін, про швидкість і кардинальність трансформацій світопорядку.

The article considers some aspects of the coronavirus pandemic impact on international relations. In particular, the main directions of such influences are reviewed in detail, the essence of the world politics transformations in the virtual dimension is determined, Russia's aggressive policy in the context of a pandemic is shown, prospects of the international relations development under modern conditions are outlined. One of the main features of international relations is their relative anarchy. There is a constant perception that the status quo after the corona crisis is impossible, that international relations will no longer be the same as before the pandemic. This thesis has already become banal today. However, we can argue about the depth of the changes to come, the speed and cardinal character of world order transformations. Perhaps after the pandemic, a new situation may arise that will generate a discussion about the inadequacy of international institutions. In such circumstances, it will be possible to find more arguments for reloading the UN. Under the right conditions and political will, a pandemic can give Ukraine a chance to get out of the «gray zone» of European security and turn from a problem into a partner. If we really want to become an integral part of a «real» Europe with the EU and NATO, we need our own project of this Europe. It must be based on a realistic vision of international political reality, not an imitation of a movement for peace without a vision of the future. ; У статті розглянуто деякі аспекти впливу пандемії коронавірусу на міжнародні відносин. Здійснено огляд основних напрямів таких впливів, визначено сутність трансформацій світової політики у віртуальному вимірі, показано російську агресивну політику в контексті пандемії, окреслено перспективи розвитку міжнародних відносин у сучасних умовах. Однією з головних особливостей міжнародних відносин є їх певна анархічність. Склалося уявлення, що статус-кво після корона-кризи неможливий, що міжнародні відносини вже не будуть такими, як до пандемії. Ця теза сьогодні вже стала банальною. Проте можна сперечатися про глибину змін, про швидкість і кардинальність трансформацій світопорядку.

Introduction. This paper deals with the international environmental norms on combatting the flaring of Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) and its adoption by Russia (decrees no. 7 and 1148). Flaring, or the systematic burning of associated gas during oil production, leads to the release of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances, endangering the surrounding and global environment. Methods. The authors use qualitative methods resting upon the analysis of primary and secondary documents, including articles from the media, legal texts, official communications and scholarly literature, to trace back the conditions that brought about the emergence of a distinct international norms condemning flaring. Analysis. The analysis of the norm through its life cycle reveals that the multi-faceted framing strategies employed by the Transnational Advocacy Network allowed the issue of flaring to gain salience in a relatively short timeframe. The flexible, durable, technical and apolitical approach adopted by the World Bank's Global Gas Flaring Reduction Private Public partnership explains the Russian Government's willingness to address the issue of flaring and to legislate on APG utilization. Results. The findings suggest that international campaigning for environmental protection need not be confrontational and that transnational advocacy networks may gain in efficiency if they adopt targeted strategies and systematically recode their message for each group of actors they plan to sensitize. Authors contribution. This article is based on research carried out by one of the authors, Anne Crowley-Vigneau for her dual doctoral thesis on international norms and Local Content policies completed at MGIMO University and the University of Reading. As the coordinating author she gathered the primary data through expert interviews. Andrey Baykov participated in coding, triangulating the data and studying legal documents. Prof. Yelena Kalyuzhnova, the supervisor of this research, provided guidance and created the research methodology. The writing of the paper was a joint effort of all three authors.