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The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the producer and cultural and anthropological understanding of the producer as a key figure in the art market of the postmodern culture of the XXI century. Methodology. The conceptual methodological core of the study is a comparative analysis of production as a phenomenon of modern culture and, in particular, culturological analysis of the figure of the producer as a symbolic subject in the light of the progressive development of the third wave society. Using the method of hermeneutic interpretation, the peculiarities of the producer's activity as a key figure in the art market of postmodern culture are revealed. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the figure of the producer as a phenomenon of humanitarian knowledge of the postmodern culture. It is hypothesized that the worldview of the new synthetic worldview of the producer may be a new paradigm that replaces the third wave: altermodern. Its characteristic features are glocalization, cluster practice, transculture, etc. Conclusions. Understanding of production as a phenomenon of the art market and the figure of the producer (entrepreneur, manager) as a key figure in the creative economy showed that this model of economic relations belongs to the third wave and is a typical manifestation of symbolic exchange. The specificity of the economy of experiences is the escalation of the free market, which through universal enthusiasm tries to appropriate the sphere of artistic culture and turn art products into brands and goods. The metalanguage of the art market, built on the principles of information aesthetics, provides for diffuse mechanisms of assimilation of the world, with many hybrid forms and gradual displacement by art sponsorship, which becomes a commercial concept. This applies to both individual and national acts of creativity, which is reflected in the practices of multiculturalism. The development of symbolic exchange in the creative economy has led to the institutionalization of the institution of production as a mechanism of mediation between the artist and the public, which needs an accessible art product that can differently affect the ontological adequacy of the work.

The aim of the workis to investigate memeticity as a defining characteristic of modern communicative practices unfolding in the digital environment of the Internet. The research methodology consists in the application of analytical, semiotic, discursive, culturological methods in the study of memetics and memes as fundamental polymodal and interdiscursive objects of digital culture, acting as means of communication capable of forming social narratives and discourses through the prism of social semiotics. her identity. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time modern communicative practices of the digital environment are analyzed in terms of prevalence in their structure ofmemeticity and memetic communication; Memes, in turn, are considered not only as units of cultural information and entertainment content, but also as digital polysemes that have the ability to serve as a universal means of communication, explanation of reality, commenting on current events, promoting important norms and values. Conclusions. Over the last decade, memes have become a complex phenomenon of Internet communication and modern communication practices in general, which are characterized by memetics as an integral attribute. From the point of view of the development of modern digital information space, memes are understood as cultural information that is transmitted from person to person, but, at the same time, grows into a social phenomenon that shapes the thinking, behavior and actions of communities. Memes combine forms of intertextuality with elements of popular culture, emphasizing the dynamics of the real and virtual world and becoming an online discourse tool that gives users a sense of commitment to creating and participating in it and even influencing others. Given the discursive potential, polysemy, realized in memes, it is possible to understand the ability of these artifacts of digital culture to form new meanings and values, evaluative judgments. Memetics is a part of public communication that defines memes as texts created, disseminated and collectively transformed by various participants in participatory digital culture, enhancing socio-cultural integration in society, allowing co-thinkers to co-opt into a single symbolic space built on new precedents or precedents.

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nenetsikirjailija Vasili Ledkovin romaania Pienen pimeän kuukausi (Mesjats maloi temnoty), joka on historiallinen, porojen kollektivisoinnista 1920- ja 30-lukujen Nenetsien kansallisessa piirikunnassa kertovat teos. Romaania tulkitaan kyläproosan keinoja ja keskustelutilaa hyödyntävänä tekstinä, joka nostaa esiin porojen omistamiseen ja ihmisen ja poron vuorovaikutukseen tulleiden muutosten aiheuttamia ristiriitoja sekä kollektivisointiin liittyvää väkivaltaa. Lukutapaa luonnehtii jälkikoloniaalinen ote, jossa painottuu vähintään kahdenlaisten tulkintojen yhtäaikainen läsnäolo ja niiden limittyminen toisiinsa. Analyysissä keskitytään tekemään ymmärrettäväksi poron ja ihmisen välistä suhdetta poropaimentolaiskäytänteissä ja tuodaan esiin, miten romaanin hahmojen erilaiset tavat toimia heijastavat nenetsien konventioita tai asettuvat niitä vastaan. Samalla osoitetaan, että teksti tuottaa myös sosialistisen realismin ja neuvostoliittolaisen kyläproosan perinteen mukaisia mielikuvia, ja pohditaan, miten nämä ovat osa romaanin tarjoamaa kriittistä katsetta nenetsien menneisyyteen.
Colonial in-betweens in The Month of the Small Darkness
The article discusses the Nenets writer Vasili Ledkov's historical novel The Month of the Small Darkness, which describes the collectivisation of the reindeer in the Nenets national district in the 1920s and 1930s. The novel is analysed as a text using the textual and poetic strategies of the discursive space created by what was called the village prose movement. At the same time, the novel brought out the violence related to collectivisation and the ambivalence produced by changes in the ownership of the reindeer and the interaction between the humans and reindeer. The novel is read from a postcolonial perspective, emphasising at least two kinds of simultaneous interpretative models and the way they fold into each other. The analysis focuses on understanding the relationship of reindeer and humans in the practices of nomadic reindeer-herding and on explaining the differing actions of the characters and their relations with Nenets conventions or Soviet ideologies. According to the interpretation, the novel gains its critical gaze towards the Soviet past from its position within socialist realism and the discourses of the village prose movement that are, as such, hybrid forms of literature.

Abstract
Background
The implementation of emission mitigation policies in Europe over the last two decades has generally improved the air quality, which resulted in lower aerosol particle mass, particle number, and black carbon mass concentration. However, little is known whether the decreasing particle concentrations at a lower-altitude level can be observed in the free troposphere (FT), an important layer of the atmosphere, where aerosol particles have a longer lifetime and may affect climate dynamics. In this study, we used data from two high-Alpine observatories, Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) and Jungfraujoch (JFJ), to assess the long-term trends on size-resolved particle number concentrations (PNCs) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentration separated for undisturbed lower FT conditions and under the influence of air from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) from 2009 to 2018.

Results
The FT and PBL-influenced conditions were segregated for both sites. We found that the FT conditions in cold months were more prevalent than in warm months, while the measured aerosol parameters showed different seasonal patterns for the FT and PBL-influenced conditions. The pollutants in the PBL-influenced condition have a higher chance to be transported to high-altitudes due to the mountainous topography, leading to a higher concentration and more distinct seasonal variation, and vice versa. The long-term trends of the measured aerosol parameters were evaluated and the decreased aerosol concentrations were observed for both FT and PBL-influenced conditions. The observed decreasing trends in eBC concentration in the PBL-influenced condition are well consistent with the reported trends in total BC emission in Germany and Switzerland. The decreased concentrations in the FT condition suggest that the background aerosol concentration in the lower FT over Central Europe has correspondingly decreased. The change of back trajectories in the FT condition at ZSF and JFJ was further evaluated to investigate the other possible drivers for the decreasing trends.

Conclusions
The background aerosol concentration in the lower FT over Central Europe has significantly decreased during 2009–2018. The implementation of emission mitigation policies is the most decisive factor and the decrease of the regional airmass occurrence over Central Europe also has contributed to the decreasing trends.

This paper is an attempt to reassess the role of the Locarno Treaties (1925) in terms of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations evolution. The authors argue that the Locarno Treaties represent one of the turning points in the development of the international order after World War I. The Treaties were not a mere add-on to the Versailles system, in fact, they had replaced it and became the main legal instrument for maintaining security in the region. In order to test this hypothesis and provide a better understanding of how the contemporaries themselves assessed these agreements, the authors examine them within a broader context of debates on the European security issues, which took place in the 1920s.The views of the British elites on this matter are of particular interest here, since it was the British diplomacy that was at the origin of the Locarno Conference in 1925. The paper draws on a wide range of recently declassified archival documents, as well as on the materials of the debates in the House of Commons and publications in the leading British newspapers. It allows the authors to trace the evolution of approaches by the main British political parties to security issues in Europe. A systematic comparison of views of the Conservative and the Labour party representatives on the Geneva Protocol and the Rhineland Pact shows that by mid-1920s the British political elites advocated for an in-depth transformation of the Versailles order, particularly, through the development of an effective mechanism for maintaining international security. On that basis a broad political consensus had arisen, which led to the formation of a new two-party structure (Tory-Labour) after World War I.The study begins with an overview of the political situation in Europe and in Great Britain in the early 1920s. Then, it examines the Labour Party's draft of the Disarmament Protocol, as well as the principal causes of its failure. Finally, the paper covers the preparatory process for and the progress of the Locarno negotiations. Special attention is paid to the debates in the House of Commons on the conference, particularly, on its outcome document - the Rhineland Pact.

The US space activities from their inception have been closely connected with the private sector. However, only in 2010s private space companies have come to play a prominent role not only on the global market of space services but in the field of international security as well. At the same time, this trend towards commercialization of outer space use and the growing role of the private space sector in ensuring national security is still understudied. This paper aims to partially fill this gap by assessing approaches to these issues adopted by the administration of D. Trump. In the first section the author notes that both conceptual and legal frameworks of private space activities lack clarity and proposes an operational definition of the phenomenon. The second section provides a brief overview of the key strategic policy documents of the Trump's administration including those on commercial use of space in general and its implications for the US national security in particular. The third section identifies the trend towards the institutionalization of the US Space Forces as one of the priorities of the Trump's administration military policy. The fourth section thoroughly examines key forms and areas of the public–private partnership in commercial use of space, including launch services, communication services, intelligence gathering, as well as production and maintenance of satellites. Finally, the fifth section assesses the prospects for private space activities given the current tightness of the space services market and growing competition. The author concludes that private space plays a subsidiary role within the US national security and is still heavily dependent on state support. Nevertheless, the scope of public–private cooperation is expanding and the models of interaction are changing. The Trump's administration has contributed to the development of the industry through liberalization of regulations and involvement of private sector in the new large-scale projects, such as the Artemis program. The other important outcome of the space policy of the 45th President of the United States is anchoring of private space activities in the US national security strategy documents.

The aim of the work is to reveal the content and essence of the problem of "aesthetic programming" by means of actualized directing.
The research of methodology is based on general scientific principles and methods that contribute to a comprehensive analysis of this problem.
The result of the study is the substantiation of methods of actualized directing as a means of "aesthetic programming of human behavior".
The article analyzes the modeling of Sovietness (by reproducing its meanings) by Russian director I. Khrzhanovsky in the series "Dau. Degeneration" and the psychological impact on human behavior by the mean of "aesthetic programming" in the project "Babyn Yar".
The author draws attention to the manipulative nature of the actualized directing of I. Khrzhanovsky, which, on the one hand, demonstrates avant-garde approaches in drama to the visualization of the past. On the other hand, it is a hidden form of ideological confrontation between the Ukrainian world and the idea of restoring the Russian Empire and absorbing the entire post­Soviet space, including the countries of the former socialist camp.
These methods not only allow you to more deeply reproduce the images, but also to immerse yourself into the essence of what is happening, to immerse yourself into a new reality that constructs the field of a non­existent virtual world.
Along with this, the pictorial reality generates such an emotional experience that it is difficult to get rid of.
By introducing hostile narratives into the context of the picture, this becomes an element of semantic war.
Novelty. The novelty of the research is in the generalization and disclosure of the content of methods and creative approaches of I. Khrzhanovsky, used by him during the work on the film "Dau. Degeneration" and the project "Babyn Yar".
The practical significance of the research lies in explaining and distinguishing methods of actualized directing from the general content of I. Khrzhanovsky's works and in how they are used in the process of "aesthetic programming" in order to assert psychological influence over the mass consciousness of citizens.

This contribution considers the role of legal ignorance in Dutch private law. After a short description of the debate on legal ignorance by Dutch scholars, the article focuses on three areas: contract law, tort law and limitation periods.
With respect to contract law, this article shows that courts allow for the nullification of a contract due to mistake of law in special circumstances: when the mistaken party was a foreigner or illiterate or when the other party was an expert who gave misinformation about relevant legal provisions.
In the field of tort law, the article first examines case law in which public bodies were held liable for unforeseeable case law by the highest administrative court. It is argued that these decisions should be viewed as a manifestation of the fact that court decisions on liability have retroactive effect. Second, in relation to survival of claims for non-pecuniary losses, it is submitted that the Supreme Court seems to interpret notifications by relatives of the deceased victim generously in order to protect them against their legal ignorance.
The article then examines case law by the Supreme Court that holds that legal ignorance does not preclude the commencement of prescription periods. However, when wrongful (legal) advice results in a loss, the Supreme Court ruled that the prescription period governing the client's claim does not start running immediately because he will initially rely on the correctness of the advice. Regarding expiration periods and legal ignorance, the Supreme Courts seems to make a distinction between contractual and statutory expiration periods.
The article concludes by considering the prospects for legal development in this area. It is argued the question who should bear the costs of legal ignorance is a matter of risk distribution. Where the risk lies, should depend on the weighing of various factors by the courts, notably the nature of the respective parties and of the interests involved and whether or not the legally ignorant person can claim compensation from a third party such as an attorney or an insurer.

La crisis de emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha
confirmado las graves deficiencias que caracterizan a nuestro modelo social y
sanitario, constatando la urgente necesidad de reformular nuevos mecanismos
de cooperación socio-sanitaria. En este complejo contexto, los principales efectos
de la pandemia se han hecho notar con especial intensidad en las residencias
de mayores. En lo referente a estos centros, la crisis sanitaria ha dejado en
evidencia un fracasado intento de medicalización de las residencias, y una atención sanitaria basada en un cuestionable sistema de priorización de pacientes.
Las preocupantes consecuencias sufridas en estos centros obligan a plantear algunas
cuestiones jurídicas y bioéticas de apremiante tratamiento.
COVID-19ak ekarri duen osasun-larrialdiak edo -krisiak erakutsi
digu gure gizarte- eta osasun-ereduak badituela ¿bere-bereak gainera¿
hutsune larri batzuk. Garbi geratu da lankidetza soziosanitarioko mekanismo
berriak birformulatu behar direla, berehala. Testuinguru konplexu horretan,
pandemiaren ondorio handienak adinekoen egoitzetan nabaritu dira bereziki.
Zentro horiei dagokienez, osasun-krisiak agerian utzi du egoitzak medikalizatzeko
ahalegina egin dela baina ahalegin horrek porrot egin duela; eta erakutsi du orobat
pazienteak lehenesteko sistema eztabaidagarri batean oinarritu dela osasunarreta.
Zentro horietan izandako ondorio kezkagarriak ikusita, badira gai juridiko
eta bioetiko batzuk premiaz tratatu beharrekoak; derrigor mahaigaineratu
behar
dira.
The health emergency crisis caused by COVID-19 has revealed the
serious deficiencies in our social and health model, confirming the urgent need
to reformulate new mechanisms for socio-health cooperation. In this complex
context, the main effects of the pandemic have been felt with special intensity in
nursing homes. In relation to these centers, the health crisis has revealed a failed
attempt to medicalize nursing homes, and a health care based on a questionable
patient prioritization system. The worrying consequences suffered in these centers
make it necessary to raise some pressing legal and bioethical questions.

Abstract
Background
Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in depth were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China. Then they were divided into 10 layers (20 cm each layer). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study.

Results
The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The highest concentration of As was midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream, which was different to Cd. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As, especially Cd and Hg with the high ecological risks. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher in the upstream than the midstream and downstream.

Conclusions
Industrial discharge was the dominant source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies for sewage discharge should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the competitiveness of seaports of Ukraine, the relevance of which is highlighted in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030; Strategies for the development of seaports of Ukraine for the period up to 2038; Corporate strategy of the state enterprise "Administration of Seaports of Ukraine" until 2025. Analysis of recent research and publications. The article provides an overview of modern foreign publications on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using various methods, in particular: the Herfindahl-Hirschman index; psychometric Likert scale; expert assessments based on an extended version of M. Porter's "diamond" approach. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The author emphasizes the inadequacy of domestic work on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using economic and mathematical modeling. Problem statement, research goals. The aim of the article is to implement a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports using the Harrington desirability function. Method or methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of economic and mathematical modeling. Presentation of the main material. In modern economic conditions, the seaport is considered a complex economic system. One of the most convenient and clear methods of solving multicriteria problems, which include the assessment of competitiveness, is the desirable function of Harrington. The author simulates the assessment of the level of competitiveness of 13 seaports of Ukraine using the psychophysical scale of Harrington's desirability on the basis of these indicators that characterize their technical condition. Conclusions in accordance with the article. As a result of modeling, it was obtained that the generalized coefficient of desirability of assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports has a value in the range from 0.42 to 0.77, ie the assessment of "satisfactory" and "good". This means that the modernization of ports, which helps to improve these indicators (number of berths, their length, maximum depth of parking near berths, the total area of warehouses) can significantly increase the level of their competitiveness.

For a certain category of persons in particular cases legislator provides for a special procedure of criminal proceedings as well as mandatory participation of a defender (Article 52, The Code of Criminal Procedure) to create additional person defense guarantees in criminal proceedings. The article is devoted to study of problem aspects of legislative regulation of defense mandatory participation in criminal proceedings. The importance of defense mandatory participation is emphasized as rendering legal aid to a person in criminal proceedings.
This article is devoted to study the importance of the mandatory participation of a defender in criminal proceedings and on the basis of obtained data, with due consideration of international standards of human rights protection in criminal proceedings, to submit substantiated author's proposals as regards the expansion of the circle of grounds for the mandatory participation of a defender in Ukrainian criminal proceedings.
Within the topic of study we analyzed criminal procedural legislation in force, research works in this area, decisions of European Court oh Human Rights, aiming to reveal deficiencies in law and submit author's proposals as regards their elimination.
According to normative sense of Article 52, The Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, the article gives classification of the grounds for mandatory participation of a defender depending on: 1) consideration of severity of a crime; 2) consideration of personal data of a defendant held criminally liable; 3) peculiarities of criminal proceedings.
Proposals are presented aimed to improve legislative regulation of Ukrainian criminal procedural law. It is proposed to add one more reason connected to the circumstance that the defendant denies suspicion against him/her and/or denies his/her guilt in commission of criminal offense. The proposal consists in addition to Article 52, Part 2, The Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine of new Item 10 postulating the mandatory participation of a defender in criminal proceedings against persons who deny a suspicion as specified in Suspicion Notice on deny pleading guilty at court session.

ResumoEste artigo é parte da pesquisa em desenvolvimento do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Mestrado em Ensino da Universidade de Cuiabá e tem como objeto de estudo os cadernos de planejamento da disciplina de Matemática, da escola primária, na década de 1980. Objetiva-se investigar a Matemática ensinada na escola primária, a partir dos Cadernos de Planos de Ensino utilizados pela professora em sala de aula. A abordagem metodológica se fundamenta na perspectiva histórico-cultural, tendo como fontes os cadernos escolares para se compreender como a Matemática era tratada, didaticamente, e ensinada em outros tempos. Os dados previamente analisados apontam que os conteúdos de Matemática, ministrados durante as aulas, se apoiavam na metodologia de resolução de problemas como um dos exercícios predominantes para os alunos do 4ª série da escola primária. Outro destaque são os testes avaliativos indicando vestígios de como eram as provas de Matemática e o processo de ensino e aprendizagem inerentes à cultura escolar disseminada na época.
Palavras-chave: Cadernos Escolares. Ensino de Matemática. Escola Primária.
AbstractThis article is part of the research in progress of the Undergraduate Program of the Master's Degree in Teaching at the University of Cuiabá and its object of study is the planning notebooks of the Mathematics subject of the primary school in the 1980s. The objective is to investigate the mathematics taught in primary school, from the notebooks of teaching plans used by the teacher in the classroom. The methodological approach is based on the historical-cultural perspective with school notebooks as sources to understand how Mathematics was didactically treated and taught in other times. The previously analyzed data indicate that the Mathematics contents, taught during classes, were supported by the problem-solving methodology as one of the predominant exercises for students in the 4th grade of primary school. Another highlight is the evaluative tests indicating traces of what the math tests were like and the teaching and learning process inherent in the school culture disseminated at the time.
Keywords: School Notebooks. Mathematics Teaching. Primary School.

The article consists of an introduction, a main part with three sections and a conclusion. The purpose of the study is to disclose the content of the concepts of "A Man Playing", "A Machine Playing", "Posthumanism" and "Essentiocognitivism"; review current advances in artificial intelligence and neural networks. The article focuses on the philosophy of posthumanism in the context of its application in machine learning, as well as a new philosophical concept called "essentiocognitivism" in its relation to artificial intelligence. The object of the study is the philosophical concept of essentiosocognitivism. The subject of the article is the consideration of certain aspects of this concept related to artificial intelligence as a "playing machine" and the positioning of a human being in the world of posthumanism. In the course of the work, critical methodology was used, on the basis of which the strengths and weaknesses of artificial neural networks were highlighted, the current state of the most famous playing neural networks, such as OpenAI and Alpha series from DeepMind, was analyzed, and the upcoming development of AI is considered in the context of a technological singularity. A philosophical comprehension has been made of certain aspects of essentiocognitivism, which play an important role in the history of the development of posthumanism. It is noted that the future of neural networks is largely determined by the gaming industry and moves towards the creation of a strong artificial intelligence, like the Playing Machine. Scientific novelty consists in examining a fundamentally new concept in the history of philosophy and substantiating the place and role of AI in the evolution of intelligent man. In the course of work, it was revealed that AI and, in particular, promising neural networks allow us to predict the probable future of mankind. As a basic thesis, we use the position derived from biological sciences that the evolution of the species Homo sapiens is not over, and will continue in a technological manner. As a result of the study, a working concept of essentiocognitivism was introduced, and the conclusion was made that trans- and posthumanism can solve many global problems of mankind. It is emphasized that the future lies in the creation of a strong AI.