Suchergebnisse

Summary
This article focuses on a rather neglected aspect of diplomacy, located at the intersection of practices, rituals and performances: state funeral ceremonies. Shifting the emphasis onto the dimension of international attendance, considering international representatives and their hierarchical positions at these state funerals, the article aims to present a novel means to analyse states' international standing, offering a new contextualisation next to the prevailing approaches that have underlined the numbers of embassies, international memberships or bilateral treaties in defining these points. I first discuss the role of state funerals in international politics, pointing to their quasi-absence from the literature. After offering a theoretical framework with relevant recent contributions on practices, rituals and performances, and underlining state funerals' role for and within the international society, I present four exploratory case studies that pinpoint varying aspects of state funerals: those for Nelson Mandela, Helmut Kohl, Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat.

Extensive literature exists into discrimination in selection in the fields of psychology, social psychology and sociology. This research focuses mainly on domestic appointments and does not consider the nature of selection for international appointments. Discusses the findings of a study into potential gender bias in international manager selection systems. In particular, it discusses the use of repertory grid technique to elicit the personal constructs of selectors for international appointments and to assess how these might influence the numbers of women entering international management positions.

Contiene: Prophylaxie des affections syphilitiques et veneriennes dans l'armée / Isidro García Julián; discussion par Antony et Delorme.-- Págs. 140-146

Contiene: Sur la valeur hygienique de la diazorreaction / Pedro Farreras.-- Págs. 385

Contiene: Algunos datos acerca de las enfermedades venéreas, recogidos en el Hospital Militar de Barcalona / Farreras.-- Págs. 187

The classic political economy of trade models state behavior on the international plane by reference to the formation of domestic interests. Voters, interest groups and politicians are rational actors in this model, pursuing their economic preferences without cognitive or motivational distortions. This article questions the sufficiency of the rational choice model in the formation of contemporary trade policy. Starting from the classic political economy story, this article explores real world deviations from rationally expected outcomes by drawing on cognitive psychology. Using both theoretical and empirical analysis, we seek to identify key distortions that can better explain voter and politician behavior in the current trade wars. We begin with loss aversion in that individuals have asymmetrical attitudes towards gains and losses. Rising inequality within the rich world amounts to a perceived relative loss particularly for middle-class citizens. Combined with the absolute rise of equality between countries, this can trigger a double loss frame – both as an individual loss and a national loss – that can profoundly shape anti-trade preferences in certain countries. Framing trade as a security threat also invokes powerful hawkish biases. Lastly, the availability bias can be provoked by social media mechanisms making people tend to focus on particular risks and overweight their import.

Het afgelopen decennium nam het aantal 'targeted killings' met bewapende drones toe. Deze aanvallen worden gerechtvaardigd door middel van een nieuwe interpretatie van het recht op zelfverdediging die – zo luidt het argument – stilzwijgend wordt aanvaard door staten over de hele wereld. Dit proefschrift richt zich op de rol van 'stilte' in de politiek van het internationaal recht, door de ontwikkeling van de (on)wettigheid van 'targeted killing' binnen het internationaal recht te onderzoeken. De dissertatie analyseert niet alleen de machtsverhoudingen die bepalen wie wel of niet kunnen spreken en waarnaar wel of niet wordt geluisterd, maar beschouwt ook de wijze waarop het luisteren plaatsvindt en welke onderwerpen zijn uitgesloten in debatten over 'targeted killing'. Het proefschrift onderzoekt de impliciete aannames die ten grondslag liggen aan de verwachtingen van spraak, zoals de aanname van de nieuwigheid van 'targeted killing'. ; Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of so-called 'targeted killing' strikes, most prominently with the use of armed drones. These attacks have been justified through a new interpretation of the right to self-defence which has been – so the argument goes – tacitly consented to by states around the world. Investigating the developing un/lawfulness of 'targeted killing' in international law, this thesis focuses on the role of silence in the politics of international law. Analysing not only the power relations of who can/not speak and what is (not) listened to, the thesis also investigates how this listening takes place and what is excluded from the debates on 'targeted killing'. The thesis investigates the implicit assumptions underlying these forms of listening and expectations of speech, such as the assumption of the novelty of 'targeted killing'.

Quantitative research on arms transfers has not adequately accounted for broader theories of international relations. We review the specialized literature on arms transfers and examine how arms transfers fit with the broad international relations theories. We derive and test seven hypotheses based on realist, liberal and constructivist theories using a dataset of all non-US/Russian aircraft transfers between 1990 and 2010. We find limited support for realist hypotheses. We find little support for hypotheses derived from the Democratic Peace literature, but some support for liberal trade arguments. We also find some support for constructivist arguments based on shared identity and prestige measures