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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the case of international organizations and their effect on globalization, state sovereigntyand world politics as a case study. The importance of this study is to explain how International organizations work, why they playso dominant role in management and reform of the security sector, how they are strengthening the accompanying processes ofglobalization. In this article, we discuss those factors, the goals, objectives, and main details of the establishment and operation ofthe following international organizations: The United Nations, The World Bank, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. So, inthis paper, we can see how important their role is in the development of states, and in strengthening security (now in the fight againstCovid19), which is a factor to be considered in the age of globalization.Keywords: Development, era, globalization; international organizations; politics; role; security sector

As the number of people displaced by disaster reaches record highs, this article describes how international law is relevant to disaster displacement, how refugee law is probably not the answer, and synthesises recent developments into contemporary application. New interpretations of international human rights law have advanced legal protections such that planning and preparedness to address future disasters now form an express component of states' international legal obligations. At the same time, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, exacerbating factors that cause disaster and displacement and rendering the effective implementation of international law more difficult. The further 'othering' of migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic could stymie the realisation of protections as national governments close borders, anti-immigration sentiment is stoked, and economies decline.

"The chapter provides an overview of the EU's policy towards the International Criminal Court (ICC). Also, the EU's policy and support towards the ICC will be compared and contrasted to that of the USA. Given that the Bush administration was severely against the ICC, the author argues that the EU has engaged in 'normative binding' in its global campaign for the ratification of the Roman Statute. An international system based on restrictive norms is significant for the EU in order to be able to increase its power. Since it cannot compete with the US on military terms the ICC provides the EU with a framework to oppose unilateralist US policies. Involving the US into this 'normative binding' may increase the EU's soft power and thus its promotion of international legal institutions has implications for the international system." (author's abstract)

"Did the Bush administration fundamentally harm the international human rights system through its rejection of human rights norms? This is the central question explored within US Human Rights Conduct and International Legitimacy, which analyses the practices of legitimacy between the Bush administration, states, and international organizations in cases of torture, habeas corpus, and rendition. Vincent Keating argues that despite the material power of the United States, there is little evidence that the Bush administration gravely damaged international norms on torture and habeas corpus as few nations have followed in America's footsteps, and that the Bush administration's deviation from international norms has served to reaffirm worldwide commitment to human rights"--

"Taking Kierkegaard Personally: First Person Responses is a one-of-a-kind volume in which scholars from the world over address personal, existential lessons that Kierkegaard has taught them. Papers were selected from the June 2018 International Kierkegaard Conference, sponsored by the Howard V. and Edna H. Hong Kierkegaard Library at St. Olaf College. The Conference's prompt-The Wisdom of Kierkegaard: What Existential Lessons Have You Learned from Him?-compelled scholars to drop their guards and write primarily in first person narrative instead of standard third person scholarly/professorial narrative. Papers range from a preacher in Texas discussing how this white nineteenth-century Dane's thought speaks to black issues, to a university development director wondering what Kierkegaard can teach Silicon Valley executives, to a Danish scholar struggling with human autonomy versus dependence on God, to a Jewish scholar finding hope in this Danish Protestant's works in which existential alienation from the world is the norm, to a Nigerian scholar introducing Kierkegaard's "single individual" into his Ndi Igbo community (a tribe predicated not on the individual but the collective), to a Slovak scholar surviving a bad divorce, to an Hispanic scholar's passion to teach Kierkegaard along the U.S.-Mexico border to Hispanic students, to an American scholar fielding his father's questions about suicide, to other scholars suffering from and coping with deaths of parents, raising children, working in trauma units, finding the need for self-denial in flourishing countries, preaching valuable sermons, dealing with college campus/department politics, and living perfectly quotidian lives"--

Content: I. The nature and form of international law 1. The acceptance of the existence of an international legal order 2. The legal position of the individual in international law II. Obligations of states in the protection of international human rights 1. Treaty-based human rights obligations 2. The nature of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. The "absolute" and "objective" character of human rights treaty obligations 4. Human rights conventions as self-contained regimes 5. The problem of characterisation of human rights obligations of states III. Human rights obligations arising from general principles of international law 1. Obligations erga omnes and human rights norms 2. The outlawing of genocide as obligation erga omnes 3. Protection from slavery as obligation erga omnes 4. The outlawing of acts of aggression as obligation erga omnes 5. Protection from racial discrimination as obligation erga omnes 6. The basic rights of the human person as obligation erga omnes 7. Jus Cogens and the search for peremptory norms of human rights 8. International crimes and human rights norms 9. The relationship between the concepts: erga omnes, jus cogens, international crime and human rights IV. International instruments for the coercive enforcement of state obligations to 'respect and ensure' human rights 1. Countermeasures as consequences of breach of treaties in international law 2. Application of reprisals for the enforcement of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. Intervention for the protection of human rights in international law 4. Intervention by the Security Council for the protection of human rights: the situation before the East-West détente 5. Humanitarian intervention after the end of the Cold War 6. The legal nature of ECOWAS intervention in the Liberian Civil War 7. The legality of NATO's intervention in Kosovo 8. Some instances of intervention with mixed motives V. Non-forceful measures for the enforcement of states' human rights obligations 1. Economic and financial pressure as means of enforcing states' obligation to respect and observe human rights 2. The application of the clausula rebus sic stantibus for the protection of human rights 3. The enforcement of human rights through the World Bank 4. The enforcement of human rights through the ILO 5. Diplomatic recognition as an instrument for securing a state's respect and promotion of human rights 6. Refusal to comply with an extradition agreement as a means of enforcing a state's human rights obligations 7. Denial of immunity as a means of enforcing a state's human rights obligations 8. Publicity as an instrument for the enforcement of human rights VI. Judicial enforcement of state obligations to 'respect and ensure' human rights 1. Enforcement of human rights through International Criminal Tribunals 2. The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia 3. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 4. The International Special Court of Sierra Leone Résumé

This article provides a summary of the latest trends and policy developments in the area of international public procurement, with a special focus on the recently adopted International Procurement Instrument by the European Union (EU). The EU public procurement market is one of the largest and most accessible in the world. However, many of the EU's major trading partners apply restrictive practices in their markets that discriminate against EU businesses. Faced with this asymmetry, the IPI allows the EU to advocate more effectively for open international public procurement markets.

Die im vorliegenden Sammelband zusammengefassten Länderstudien zeigen, dass die öffentliche Diskussion über sich wandelnde Einstellungen zur Erwerbsarbeit, Fehlzeiten, Missbrauch des Sozialsystems und Gefährdung der internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Volkswirtschaften, die in Europa, den USA und Japan mehr oder weniger intensiv geführt wird, durchgängig überspitzt, einseitig interessenorientiert und empirisch wenig fundiert sind. In die gleiche Richtung weisen auch die Ergebnisse bereits vorliegender internationaler Vergleichsstudien (Internationale Wertestudien, International Social Survey Programme). In der Bundesrepublik kann es daher nicht um eine groß angelegte Gesamtreform des Sozialstaats gehen, wenn auch die sozialen Sicherungssysteme einer Neujustierung bedürfen. (ICE)

As the author sees it, the study of Southeast Asia's international relations is essentially a post-1945 phenomenon. He takes a critical look at the literature on Southeast Asia's international relations paying attention to interstate relations in pre-colonial Southeast Asia, the colonial impact in this region, international relations in Cold War Southeast Asia, the Vietnam war era, questions over the future of Southeast Asia's regional order in the 1970s, regional cooperation through ASEAN, security theory and Southeast Asia in the 1980s and early 1990s. (DÜI-Sen)

The place of law in the settlement of disputes by the Security Council is a topic which has already occasioned debate. Many lawyers contend that law plays a minimal rôle in the work of the Council. That organ is, they point out, essentially a political body. It operates in a different way from a judicial body such as the International Court of Justice, and frequently ignores the law of nations. Oscar Schachter, writing in this Journal in 1964, has offered another view, pointing to subtle ways in which the influence of law can still make itself felt in the work of the Security Council, by providing a common language, by applying principles to specific cases, and by determining new points of community interest. The purpose of this article is to examine, in the light of recent years, some of the limitations within which this legal endeavor takes place, and to see whether law has any real function in the settlement of disputes.