Suchergebnisse

A. Setting the Stage:1 Introduction: Student Achievement and Equity Over Time in the Nordic Countries: Christian Christrup Kjeldsen, Trude Nilsen, Jenna Hiltunen, Nani Teig -- 2 Theoretical framework of Teacher Practice: Nani Teig, Trude Nilsen, Kajsa Yang Hansen -- 3 Analytical framework: Trude Nilsen, Nani Teig -- B. Teacher Practice: 4 Content coverage: Development over Time and Correlation with Achievement: Rune Müller Kristensen, Victoria Rolfe -- 5 Teaching Quality and Assessment Practice: Trends Over Time and Correlation with Achievement: Nani Teig, Jennifer Maria Louto -- C. Explaining Changes Over Time: 6 Are Changes in Content Coverage Related to Changes in Achievement Over Time?: Monica Rosén and Trude Nilsen -- 7 Changes in Teacher Practices Related to Changes in Student Achievement: Trude Nilsen and Jan-Eric Gustafsson -- D. Equality: 8 Equality in Content Coverage in the Nordic Countries?: Sigrid Blömeke -- 9 Examining the Role of Teaching Quality and Assessment Practicein Reducing Socioeconomic and Ethnic Inequities in Mathematics Achievement: Kajsa Yang Hansen, Victoria Rolfe, Nani Teig -- E. Closing remarks: 10 Discussions of Findings on Teacher Practice Across Countries, Time, and Chapters: Trude Nilsen, Nani Teig.

Wong, Kin Hung. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-198). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i. ; ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.iii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.xix ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Background to this Study --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of this Study --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of this Study --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.4 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Orientation towards Language --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Orientation towards Identity --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Structuralist Notions --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Poststructuralist Notions --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Language and Identity --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- Code Switching --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.5 --- "Language, Identity and Culture" --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.6 --- "Attitude, Motivation and Willingness to Communicate (WTC)" --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.6.1 --- Attitude --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.6.2 --- Motivation --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.6.1 --- Social Psychological Perspective --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.6.2 --- Sociocultural Perspective --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.6.3 --- Willingness to Communicate (WTC) --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.7 --- Language Use and Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.7.1 --- Political and Sociolinguistic Background of Hong Kong --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.7.2 --- Surveys of Cultural Identity in Hong Kong --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.7.3 --- Empirical Studies on Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes in Hong Kong --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.7.3.1 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of English --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.7.3.2 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes towards the Use of Cantonese --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.7.3.3 --- Cultural Identity and Language Attitudes ...

Since 1994, the Rwandan government has attempted to remove the division of the population into the 'ethnic' identities Hutu, Tutsi and Twa and instead make the shared Rwandan identity salient. This paper explores how leaders justify the single recategorization model, based on nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with Rwandan national leaders (politicians and bureaucrats tasked with leading unity implementation) conducted in Rwanda over three months in 2011/2012. Thematic analysis revealed this was done through a meta-narrative focusing on the shared Rwandan identity. Three frames were found in use to "sell" this narrative where ethnic identities are presented as a) an alien construction; b) which was used to the disadvantage of the people; and c) non-essential social constructs. The material demonstrates the identity entrepreneurship behind the single recategorization approach: the definition of the category boundaries, the category content, and the strategies for controlling and overcoming alternative narratives. Rwandan identity is presented as essential and legitimate, and as offering a potential way for people to escape spoilt subordinate identities. The interviewed leaders insist Rwandans are all one, and that the single recategorization is the right path for Rwanda, but this approach has been criticised for increasing rather than decreasing intergroup conflict due to social identity threat. The Rwandan case offers a rare opportunity to explore leaders' own narratives and framing of these 'ethnic' identities to justify the single recategorization approach. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

Since 1994, the Rwandan government has attempted to remove the division of the population into the 'ethnic' identities Hutu, Tutsi and Twa and instead make the shared Rwandan identity salient. This paper explores how leaders justify the single recategorization model, based on nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with Rwandan national leaders (politicians and bureaucrats tasked with leading unity implementation) conducted in Rwanda over three months in 2011/2012. Thematic analysis revealed this was done through a meta-narrative focusing on the shared Rwandan identity. Three frames were found in use to "sell" this narrative where ethnic identities are presented as a) an alien construction; b) which was used to the disadvantage of the people; and c) non-essential social constructs. The material demonstrates the identity entrepreneurship behind the single recategorization approach: the definition of the category boundaries, the category content, and the strategies for controlling and overcoming alternative narratives. Rwandan identity is presented as essential and legitimate, and as offering a potential way for people to escape spoilt subordinate identities. The interviewed leaders insist Rwandans are all one, and that the single recategorization is the right path for Rwanda, but this approach has been criticised for increasing rather than decreasing intergroup conflict due to social identity threat. The Rwandan case offers a rare opportunity to explore leaders' own narratives and framing of these 'ethnic' identities to justify the single recategorization approach.

Why do rebel groups decide to create alliances with other non-state armed groups? And with whom? The existing literature on alliance formation in civil wars is divided into two paradigms. The former paradigm is related to a neo-realist approach to power politics drawing from the International Relations literature on alliance formation. In contrast, the latter considers the role of ethnic and ideological constituencies in determining rebel groups' preferences. These two paradigms of alliance formation, although non-competitive, can answer the previous questions in combination. This article aims to reframe the existing scholarship on alliance formation in civil wars and bridge the two paradigms by developing a typology based on the role of the coalition's short- and long-term goals and its internal composition in terms of ethnicity and ideology. The typology also presents a more nuanced understanding of why and with whom rebel groups ally by identifying four types of configurations, differentiating between tactical and strategic alliances, and homogeneous and heterogeneous compositions. By reframing the existing literature within the paradigms mentioned above and bridging them with the typology, the article paves the way for future research, particularly by understanding how alliances might change and evolve during civil wars.

The article examines the origin and the evolution processes of the main financial-cum-industrial holdings in the South-East Ukraine. The author analyses the modern state of the regional industry after an outbreak of the civil conflict in Ukraine and asserts that serious damage was done to the industrial development of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions. The conclusion is made that the system of unofficial ties between business and the state remains an integral part of the Ukrainian business processes.

This article explores the relationship between national identity and media sport, focusing specifically on the construction and representations of national identities in the television coverage of the (men's) 1996 European Football Championships (Euro '96). While Anderson's and Hobsbawm's respective concepts of 'imagined communities' and 'invented traditions' are useful in this regard, the process-sociological perspective is also particularly helpful. National habitus codes, embodied feelings and the practical consciousness of the individuals who comprise a nation have been shown to play a powerful role in the foundation of cultural relations, identity politics and the construction and representation of national identities. The results of this textual analysis of Euro '96 television coverage — supported by insights into the production codes that helped to construct the texts — suggest that it served to reinforce the stronger emotive I/we identification of the English with their own nation, rather than with the we-image of being also Europeans. The findings suggest that dominant I/we national identities are arguably strengthened in international sporting tournaments like Euro '96, which can be seen as mediated patriot games where nation is pitted against nation, with matches framed as contests between 'us' and 'them'.

Conventional wisdom holds that interest group access to the European Commission is biased in favor of specific interests and against diffuse interests. Yet, patterns of access vary between policy areas. In this article, I map and explain the relative access of specific and diffuse interests to the European Commission's expert groups. I find that specific interests gain more access in general, but there are considerable variations across issues. I argue that variations in access across expert groups are explained by the relative ability of specific and diffuse interests to contest policies in different policy areas. This argument gains support by statistical analyses using a novel dataset comprising all expert groups with interest group participants. The findings suggest that a political logic helps explain variations in specific and diffuse interest access to the Commission.

AbstractSince the demise of the 'cold war' that pitted Western Europe and the United States against the Soviet Union, the world's attention has been dominated by smaller inter‐state and intra‐state conflicts often centered on ethnic differences but with roots in superpower rivalries. An instructive example of such conflicts exists in Cyprus, which arose during the height of cold war politics and has outlasted both the cold war and many of the disputes that have consumed the majority of the world's attention in recent years. Since the physical division of the island in 1974 into separate Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot zones, communication between ordinary citizens has been cut off, creating a serious obstacle to the development of a citizen peace‐building movement. Beginning in 1994, participatory planning and design methodologies have been applied with several groups of Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in a systematic attempt to develop and implement an agenda for citizen peace‐building activities. Using these methodologies the groups developed a heightened mutual understanding of the situation in Cyprus and a stronger sense of teamwork, while carrying out a variety of projects related to citizen peace building. This paper summarizes the activities involved in these efforts, poses a number of research questions about the applications of such methodologies, and draws upon the work in Cyprus to address these questions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Becoming "modern" while staying "old": the state steps in -- "Two birds with one stone": attracting tourists to save the nation -- Knowing Quebec before getting there -- In search of the authentic Quebec -- Montreal: a city of contrasts -- From old to belle -- The new Montreal.

Darstellung über Art und Umfang der schwedischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit mit den SADCC-Mitgliedsländern