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The problems facing multinational forces and operations, and prospects for the future.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0256-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

ABSTRACT
Lenzini Steel is an inter-disciplinary case that uses four inter-company transactions (ICTs) to demonstrate how the cost/managerial concept of transfer pricing can impact financial and/or tax disclosures on an international stage. The goal is to strengthen students' managerial/cost accounting, tax, and/or financial accounting skills by asking them to examine a transfer pricing case from the different technical perspectives. The case tells the story of an Italian parent company with significant cash flow inflexibility. It needs an infusion of cash from its U.S.-based subsidiary to remain viable, while limiting tax exposure. Students may face any or all of these issues: (1) How can the parent company best obtain the cash it so urgently needs? (2) What are the tax consequences of management's decisions to obtain this cash? (3) What are the financial accounting implications of these decisions? (4) How will they communicate potentially bad news? When using the case, instructors can use an integrated approach (consider cost/managerial, financial, and tax accounting issues), or focus on the learning objectives that most align with their course. The case has been successfully used with M.Acc., M.B.A., and E.M.B.A. students to demonstrate the implications of management's transfer pricing decisions, the impact of judgment in critical thinking, and how problem solving represents leadership.

The status of domestic animal protection laws in Asia, Africa, and Latin America varies, as one might imagine, from country to country. Countries with high per capita incomes are more likely to have a large number of animal protection organizations, whose existence normally leads to the passage of protective legislation.1 The sociopolitical, cultural, and religious backgrounds of each country, as well as previous colonization, also influence whether it has animal protection legislation and whether these laws are enforced. Previous colonization is the case in many former British colonies, which often have very good laws but neither the means nor the interest to enforce them. With some exception, countries within each region of the world follow similar patterns of law and enforcement. (Logically, it would follow that countries with the highest number of animal protection groups per land area or per population would be the most likely to have an animal protection law, yet these concepts do not necessarily correlate, though it may reflect increased interest in animal protection as a concept [Table 1]). International animal protection can be best understood by placing countries in one of four descending levels of animal protection. Countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America can be found in the bottom three categories (Irwin 2003).