Suchergebnisse

Present article concerns the provisions about the security and order during the election of the king in Both Nations Commonwealth, which were designed to ensure the safe and lawful carrying out election conventions. The purpose of these provisions was guaranteeing: proper organization of the meeting of Legislature (known as The Circle of Knights), correct adoption of foreign envoys and lawful conduct of monarch election. These regulations were prepared to fi ght with the criminal off ences and assurance the legal instruments to cope with problems concerning with functioning security services, building infrastructural facilities and supplying food. The author points at heterogenic nature of provisions of the security and order during the election of the polish kings, which included both procedural as well as substantive rules. Furthermore, substantive rules were related not merely with the criminal provisions, but also the others, similar to present-day regulations, which secure the mass events. The author tries to present the process of preparation and implementation of the provisions about the security and order during the election of the polish kings as one of the main tasks in the process of organization of the election conventions.

Yemen is a country which belongs to the world's poorest regions. Constant civil wars, instability of employment, lack of education and healthcare as well as widespread famine, are only some of the major problems which Yemen struggles with. Due to totalitarian and inefficient rule of the former President Ali Abdall Salli, the political situation worsen leading to so called 'Arab Spring' revolution when the Yemeni society finally said 'no' to the regime. Incompetent political leadership of President Ali Abdullah Saleh as well as his dealings with tribal intricacies created a perfect harbour for al Qaeda creating a sense of destabilizations and fear around the country. Despite of the reigns of newly-elected president , the situation has not improved. Country still remains in a deep economic and social crisis being on verge of another civil war which could be tragic. The main reason for destabilisation in Yemen is growing conflict between Shiite-Huti from the north of the country as well as rapid activation of al Qaeda structures in the Arabian Peninsula in the south. The situation in Yemen shows us how terrorist organizations and other related groups activate in consequence of abolishment of the country's regime and central administration. This kind of situation is not promising for the future of the country. It needs to be said openly that without help from other countries and international organisations, Yemen is unable to cope with the existing situation and it is the only way to save that region which as we know plays a strategic role in the international arena.

The role of the Presidency in the framework of the institutional system of the European integration, in the opinion of experts before the adoption of Lisbon Treaty, underwent systematic growth. The leadership of successive Member States of the European Union exerted a significant influence on the agenda of the European project. The presidency of the European Union countries occupied a fundamental position, especially in the areas of European integration, operating on the principle of intergovernmental method (II and III pillar). After the adoption of Lisbon Treaty, the changes in the institutional architecture of united Europe led to the modification of the role of the state Presidency in the EU Council. The loss of a number of powers by the Presidency in the framework of united Europe resulted in the establishment of new functions connected with the Permanent President of the European Council and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy. What changes have the transformation shown led to ? Lisbon Treaty has modified the role and the nature of presidency. However, the preparations for Polish Presidency had started before it was known whether Lisbon Treaty enters into force. How did the changes introduced by Lisbon Treaty affect the Polish Presidency? On the one hand, the trio Presidency ensured a continuation and a greater ability to implement the key proposals. On the other hand, however, did the shift in the direction of Brussels Presidency make the Poles (Polish public opinion) not feel as a real host? Did Lisbon Treaty significantly affect the Presidency of Poland? Did the introduction of the ordinary voting procedure in more than 40 areas, where the Council had not previously had to seek the support of the European Parliament, made the Polish Presidency engage twice as much in the execution of legislative plans?

The titular "Bandie" is a fictional creature devised by Tadeusz Skalski in his "Fairy Tales of
Functionalism" (published in "Folia Philosophica" 24). It is supposed to be a reduction ad
absurdum for the thesis of organizational invariance. I show that the argument works only because
the though experiment Skalski uses is highly suggestive and that, contrary to Skalski's intentions,
The Bandie is in fact quite a complex dynamic system.

Present article concerns the provisions about the security and order during the election of the king in Both Nations Commonwealth, which were designed to ensure the safe and lawful carrying out election conventions. The purpose of these provisions was guaranteeing: proper organization of the meeting of Legislature (known as The Circle of Knights), correct adoption of foreign envoys and lawful conduct of monarch election. These regulations were prepared to fi ght with the criminal off ences and assurance the legal instruments to cope with problems concerning with functioning security services, building infrastructural facilities and supplying food. The author points at heterogenic nature of provisions of the security and order during the election of the polish kings, which included both procedural as well as substantive rules. Furthermore, substantive rules were related not merely with the criminal provisions, but also the others, similar to present-day regulations, which secure the mass events. The author tries to present the process of preparation and implementation of the provisions about the security and order during the election of the polish kings as one of the main tasks in the process of organization of the election conventions.

Crash course on competition. A guide for the lost in the tangle of reformThe key resolutions of the reform of the Polish system of science and higher education entered into force in the academic year 2011/2012. This essay contains an in-depth reading of the key governmental documents and legal acts that introduced the reform. Additionally, it comprises a description of the intensive critical discussion on the reform that, unfortunately, started only when the legislative process was nearly finished. Drawing from this debate and developing its interpretations, the essay analyses key institutional solutions of the reform; its fundamental assumptions; its rhetoric and, generally, its discursive background. Such solutions as: moving towards a more competition-based system of public funding for institutions and individuals; intensification of supervision based on quantitatively measured achievement, or enforcing a multi-level integration of public universities with the local business sector do not address the most urgent problems of the underfinanced and insecure students, PhD candidates and academics. In their naively individualistic approach, the reformers ignore the reflection on the social reproduction or the collective and structural aspects of scientific fields. Their monolithic vision of science leads them to imposing requirements developed for natural and technical disciplines upon social sciences and humanities. Finally, what they present as objective expert knowledge grounding the reform can be interpreted as based on deeply conservative economical and ethical assumptions as well as detached from a comprehensive empirical diagnosis.

Political looks of V. Lypynsky about the role and the place of political elite in the process of formation of the Ukrainian state system is analysed. The special attention is paid to the looks of scientist about processes addition at the updates of political elite in Ukrainian society. ; Political looks of V. Lypynsky about the role and the place of political elite in the process of formation of the Ukrainian state system is analysed. The special attention is paid to the looks of scientist about processes addition at the updates of political elite in Ukrainian society.

Political looks of V. Lypynsky about the role and the place of political elite in the process of formation of the Ukrainian state system is analysed. The special attention is paid to the looks of scientist about processes addition at the updates of political elite in Ukrainian society. ; Political looks of V. Lypynsky about the role and the place of political elite in the process of formation of the Ukrainian state system is analysed. The special attention is paid to the looks of scientist about processes addition at the updates of political elite in Ukrainian society.