Suchergebnisse

"The United Nations (UN) faces three dilemmas each time it forms a peacekeeping operation. It must convince states to contribute troops to the mission, it must persuade them to do so quickly, and it must get them to stay for a sufficient period of time for the mission to be a success. Gary Uzonyi finds that the key for the UN in overcoming these dilemmas is to highlight for member states the connection between offering peacekeepers and slowing conflict-driven refugee flows. This connects self-interest of the states with the liberal goal of civilian protection. He analyzes data from all post-Cold War UN peacekeeping missions and takes a closer look at two case studies of past missions in Sudan and Mali to draw conclusions for both scholars and policy practitioners. He finds that much of the conventional wisdom, which says that states join peacekeeping missions for payment or humanitarian considerations, is wrong or incomplete. Uzonyi's research will help scholars and practitioners to predict not only who is most likely to send support, but also where they will send assistance, when they are likely to become involved, the size of contribution they will be willing to make, and when they will be likely to leave a mission. The concise treatment of the topic makes it ideal for classroom use or policy discussions"--

"This work expounds, for those in practice and beyond, the rules of international law governing the inter-state use of force. Jus ad bellum determines when a state - or group of states - may lawfully use force against, or on the territory of, another state, and when such action violates international law. The bedrock of the law is found in the Charter of the United Nations, but the interpretation and application of many of the rules codified in the Charter, particularly by the International Court of Justice, are contested. Accordingly, the book clarifies the law as it stands today, explaining its many complexities and controversies, such as when non-state actors may be attacked in another state and when consent is validly given to foreign intervention. The interrelationships between jus ad bellum and the law of armed conflict/international humanitarian law, the law of neutrality, and international human rights law are also illuminated, along with important concepts such as the 'responsibility to protect' and humanitarian intervention"--

Since gaining independence from colonial rule, most African countries have been struggling to build democratic and peaceful states. While African multiparty politics may be viewed as a democratic system of governance, in reality it is plagued by ethnic and regional political grievances that undermine meaningful democracy. By examining post-conflict institutional reforms in several African countries, this book sheds light on the common causes of violent conflicts and how institutional design can affect the conditions for peace and democracy in Africa. Focussing on conceptual and practical questions of designing ethnically and regionally inclusive state institutions and the way institutions are perceived by the citizenry Post-Conflict Institutional Design addresses political autonomy and control over resources, issues which are often key sources of ethnic and regional grievances. Crucially, it examines the meanings of institutional reforms as well ethnic and regional representation.

Today it often appears as though the European Union has entered existential crisis after decades of success, condemned by its adversaries as a bureaucratic monster eroding national sovereignty: at best wasteful, at worst dangerous. How did we reach this point and how has European integration impacted on ordinary people's lives - not just in the member states, but also beyond? Did the predecessors of today's EU really create peace after World War II, as is often argued? How about its contribution to creating prosperity? What was the role of citizens in this process, and can the EU justifiably claim to be a 'community of values'? Kiran Klaus Patel's bracing look back at the myths and realities of integration challenges conventional wisdoms of Europhiles and Eurosceptics alike and shows that the future of Project Europe will depend on the lessons that Europeans derive from its past.

This new textbook introduces key mechanisms and issues in international conflict management and engages students with a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to mitigating, managing, and transforming international conflicts. The volume identifies key historical events and international agreements that have shaped and defined the field of international conflict management, as well as key dilemmas facing the field at this juncture. The first section provides an overview of key mechanisms for international conflict management, such as negotiation, mediation, nonviolent resistance, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, transitional justice, and reconciliation. The second section tackles important cross-cutting themes, such as technology, religion, the economy, refugees and migration, and the role of civil society, examining how these issues contribute to international conflicts and how they can be leveraged to help address such conflicts. Each chapter includes a brief historical overview of the evolution of the issue or mechanism, identifies key theoretical and practical debates, and includes case studies, discussion questions, website links, and suggested further reading for further study and engagement. By providing a mixture of theory and practical examples, this textbook provides students with the necessary background to navigate this interdisciplinary field.

Introduction: Studying diaspora organizations in international affairs / Dennis Dijkzeul and Margit Fauser -- Capacities and constraints : Pakistani diaspora organizations in Toronto and New York City / Ali R. Chaudhary & Luis Eduardo Guarnizo -- Transnational networks for portable migrant labor rights in North America / Xóchitl Bada & Shannon Gleeson -- Diaspora organizations and citizenship / Nicholas R. Micinski -- A roller coaster of policy shifts : Ghanaian diaspora organizations navigating Dutch migration and development policies / Gery Nijenhuis -- Bringing international relations and organizational sociology to diaspora studies : Kurdish and Syrian diaspora organizations in Germany / Zeynep Sezgin -- Keeping the faith? Examining the roles of faith and secularism in Syrian diaspora organizations in Lebanon / Estella Carpi & Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh -- Conflict and peacebuilding / Danielle A. Zach -- Conclusions: What is the relevance of DOs for IR theory and research? / Dennis Dijkzeul, Margit Fauser & Rafael Bohlen.

Written as the decade-long Syria conflict nears an end, this is the first book-length treatment of how the Syrian war has changed international law. In The Syrian Conflict's Impact on International Law, the authors explain the history of the current conflict in Syria and discuss the principles and process of customary international law formation and the phenomenon of accelerated formation of customary international law known as Grotian Moments. They then explore specific examples, including how use of force against ISIS in Syria has changed the law of self-defense against non-state actors, how the allied airstrikes in response to Syria's use of chemical weapons have changed the law of humanitarian intervention, and others. This book seeks to contribute both to understanding the concept of accelerated formation of customary international law and the specific ways the Syria conflict has led to development of new norms and principles in several areas of international law.

Committing one's country to war is a grave decision. Governments often have to make tough calls, but none are quite so painful as those that involve sending soldiers into harm's way, to kill and be killed. The idea of 'just war' informs how we approach and reflect on these decisions. It signifies the belief that while war is always a wretched enterprise it may in certain circumstances, and subject to certain restrictions, be justified. Boasting a long history that is usually traced back to the sunset of the Roman Empire, it has coalesced over time into a series of principles and moral categories - e.g., just cause, last resort, proportionality, etc. - that will be familiar to anyone who has ever entered a discussion about the rights and wrongs of war. Victory: The Triumph and Tragedy of Just War focuses both on how this particular tradition of thought has evolved over time and how it has informed the practice of states and the legal architecture of international society. This book examines the vexed position that the concept of victory occupies within this framework.

This book offers a novel and contemporary examination of the 'responsibility to protect' (R2P) doctrine from an international legal perspective and analyses how the doctrine was applied within the Libyan and Syrian conflicts as two recent and highly significant R2P cases. The book dissects each of R2P's three component pillars to examine their international legal underpinnings, drawing upon diverse legal frameworks - including the laws of the UN, laws of international organisations, human rights law, humanitarian law, criminal law, environmental law, and laws of State responsibility - to extract conclusions regarding existing and emerging host and third-State obligations to prevent and react to mass atrocity crimes. It uses this legal grounding to critically examine specific aspects of the Libyan and Syrian R2P cases, engaging with some of the more traditional debates surrounding R2P's application, most notably those that pertain to the use of force (or lack thereof), but also exploring some of the less-researched non-military methods that were or could have been employed by States and international organisations to uphold the doctrine. Such an analysis captures the diversity in the means and actors through which R2P can be implemented and allows for the extraction of more nuanced conclusions regarding the doctrine's strengths and limitations, gaps in enforceability, levels of State support, and future trajectory.

How has Latin America pioneered the field of transitional justice (TJ)? Do approaches vary across the region? This Element describes Latin American innovations in trials and truth commissions, and evaluates two influential models that explain variation in TJ outcomes: the Huntingtonian and Justice Cascade approaches. It argues that scholars should complement these approaches with one that recognizes the importance of state capacity building and institutional change. To translate domestic/international political pressure and human rights norms into outcomes, states must develop 'TJ capabilities'. Not only should states be willing to pursue these highly complex policies, they must also develop competent bureaucracies.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part One: Historical Background of Colombia before 2010 -- Chapter One: Political Patterns before 2002: The Context of Government Decision Making before the Administration of President Álvaro Uribe -- Chapter Two: Changes in the Balance of Power during the Administration of President Álvaro Uribe -- Part Two: The Santos Negotiations -- Chapter Three: The Beginning of the Negotiations and the First Three Agreements: August 2010 to March 2014 -- Chapter Four: Victims and Justice: June 2014 to September 2015 -- Chapter Five: The Final Negotiations: March to August 2016 -- Part Three: The Plebiscite and the New Final Agreement -- Chapter Six: The Debate about the Peace Agreement and the Plebiscite -- Chapter Seven: The Renegotiations and the Second Final Agreement -- Part Four: Conclusions -- Chapter Eight: The Reasons an Agreement with the FARC Was Reached -- Chapter Nine: Tentative Conclusions about the Implementation of the Agreement -- Appendix 1. Participants in the Peace Process -- Appendix 2. Chronology of the Peace Agreement -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.

Negotiating a Settlement in Northern Ireland: From Sunningdale to St Andrews uses original material from witness seminars, elite interviews, and archive documents to explore the shape taken by the Irish peace process, and in particular to analyse the manner in which successful stages of this were negotiated. Northern Ireland's Good Friday Agreement of 1998 marked the end a 30-year conflict that had witnessed more than 3,000 deaths, thousands of injuries, catastrophic societal damage, and large-scale economic dislocation. This book traces the roots of the Agreement over the decades, stretching back to the Sunningdale conference of 1973 and extending up to at least the St Andrews Agreement of 2006. It describes the changing relationship between parties to the conflict (nationalist and unionist groups within Northern Ireland, and the Irish and British governments) and identifies three dimensions of significant change: new ways of implementing the concept of sovereignty, growing acceptance of power sharing, and the steady emergence of substantial equality in the socio-economic, cultural, and political domains. As well as placing this in the context of an extensive social science literature, the book innovates by looking at the manner in which those most closely involved understood the process in which they were engaged. The authors reproduce testimonies from witness seminars and interviews involving central actors, including former prime ministers, ministers, senior officials, and political advisors. They conclude that the outcome was shaped by a distinctive interaction between the conscious planning of these elites and changing demographic and political realities that themselves were, in a symbiotic way, consequences of decisions made in earlier years. They also note the extent to which this settlement has come under pressure from new notions of sovereignty implicit in the Brexit process.

No contemporary figure is more demonized than the Islamist foreign fighter who wages jihad around the world. Spreading violence, disregarding national borders, and rejecting secular norms, so-called jihadists seem opposed to universalism itself. In a radical departure from conventional wisdom on the topic, The Universal Enemy argues that transnational jihadists are engaged in their own form of universalism: these fighters struggle to realize an Islamist vision directed at all of humanity, transcending racial and cultural difference. Anthropologist and attorney Darryl Li reconceptualizes jihad as armed transnational solidarity under conditions of American empire, revisiting a pivotal moment after the Cold War when ethnic cleansing in the Balkans dominated global headlines. Muslim volunteers came from distant lands to fight in Bosnia-Herzegovina alongside their co-religionists, offering themselves as an alternative to the US-led international community. Li highlights the parallels and overlaps between transnational jihads and other universalisms such as the War on Terror, United Nations peacekeeping, and socialist Non-Alignment. Developed from more than a decade of research with former fighters in a half-dozen countries, The Universal Enemy explores the relationship between jihad and American empire to shed critical light on both.

Introduction -- China's Africa security policy as struggle for status: the basic discourses of a great power and a Third World country -- China's evolving policy on United Nations peacekeeping -- The Chinese peace -- Chinese peace in Liberia -- Chinese peace in Sudan and South Sudan -- Conclusion.

1 Peacebuilding in the Balkans -- 2 The Evolution of Peacebuilding -- 3 Stability and the Anti-Corruption Agenda -- 4 Addressing the Symptoms Through Civil Society Building -- 5 EUtopia and the Pull of Integration -- 6 Western Balkan Transitions and the Role of the European Union -- 7 Local Views: Scepticism towards Europe and its Consequences -- 8 Undoing International Peacebuilding from Below? -- 9 Conclusion