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Вопросы теории и истории малых повествовательных форм в чувашском литературоведении в настоящее время изучены недостаточно. Одним из неизученных жанров чувашской малой прозы является хайла. Первые произведения с обозначенным жанровым определением появились в чувашской литературе в начале XX в. на страницах газеты «Хыпар» (Весть). Жанр, утратив «самоназвание», продолжает развиваться и в XXI в. Материалом исследования выбраны произведения чувашских авторов, в которых ярко выражены признаки хайла. Тексты, «претендующие» на интерпретацию их в рамках обозначенной жанровой номинации, встречаются в творчестве И. Юркина, И. Тхти, И. Мучи, Хв. Уяра, Ю. Артемьева, Е. Лисиной, В. Николаева и др. В статье данная форма впервые становится объектом отдельного исследования, поэтому основными при ее изучении являются описательный и структурный методы. Изучение особенностей указанных произведений позволяет прийти к выводу, что хайла является исконным жанром чувашской словесности, имеющим корни в устном народном творчестве. Он представляет собой повествовательное произведение малой формы, содержащее в себе метафоричность, иносказательность; осмысливающее реальность, как правило, через притчу в сатирическом и ироническом ключе.
The issues of theory and history of small narrative forms in the Chuvash literary studies are currently insufficiently studied. One of the unexplored genres of the Chuvash small prose is khaila. The first works with the designated genre definition appeared in the Chuvash literature at the beginning of the 20th century on the pages of the newspaper "Khypar" (News). The genre, having lost its "self-designation", continues to develop in the 21st century. The research material is selected works of the Chuvash authors, in which the features of khaila are clearly expressed. The texts "claiming" to be interpreted within the framework of the designated genre nomination are found in the works of I. Yurkin, I. Tkhti, I. Muchi, Khv. Uyar, Yu. Artemyev, E. Lisina, V. Nikolaev, etc. In this article, this form becomes the object of a separate study for the first time, therefore, descriptive and structural methods are the main ones in its study. The study of the features of these works allows us to come to the conclusion that khaila is an original genre of the Chuvash literature, having roots in folklore. It is a narrative work of small form, containing metaphorical, allegorical; comprehending reality, as a rule, through a parable, and in a satirical and ironic way.

Abstract
Tornadoes are responsible for considerable property damage and loss of life across Oklahoma. While several studies have explored drivers of tornado adjustment behaviors, their results are not consistent in terms of their significance and direction. To address this shortcoming in the literature, we surveyed households using a disproportionate stratified sampling procedure from counties in Oklahoma that frequently experience tornado threats to explore drivers of adjustments. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore relationships among variables highlighted in the protection motivation theory (PMT) and related literature that affect adjustment intentions and risk perceptions. Overall, we found that the factors highlighted in the PMT are effective at explaining households' intentions of adopting adjustment behaviors associated with tornado hazards. Threat appraisals, however, were less important than coping appraisals in explaining tornado hazard adjustment intentions. In further analysis, we grouped adjustments as 1) basic (e.g., flashlight, food supply, and water supply) and 2) complex (e.g., insurance and storm shelter), and we found that while coping appraisals are significant drivers of both adjustment categories, the effect of threat appraisals is only significant for complex adjustment intentions. We also found that emotional responses to hazards are major drivers of threat appraisals, stronger than perceived knowledge and hazard salience. Moreover, we found that demographic characteristics affect both adjustment intentions and threat appraisals. The additions to the PMT and categorization of adjustment activities improve our understanding of the PMT in different contexts. Such insights provide scholars and emergency managers with strategies for risk communication efforts.

Significance Statement
Tornadoes have caused considerable property damage and loss of life across the state of Oklahoma. Here, we utilize the protection motivation theory (PMT) to explore drivers of tornado hazard adjustment intentions by surveying households from counties in Oklahoma that frequently experience tornadoes. Overall, we found that threat appraisals and coping appraisals produce differential effects depending on the type of hazard adjustment in question. Our findings show that risk perceptions are not a significant explanatory variable of basic adjustments (e.g., flashlight, food supply, and water supply) but are a significant explanatory variable of complex adjustments (e.g., insurance and storm shelter). Future work should provide broader perspectives on how to advance the PMT to better explain adjustment intentions for various hazards.

The article focuses on the popularity of the President of the Russian Federation and the factors that influence the level of his support among the population. It is shown that most of the previous literature was devoted to the study of the influence of such determinants as macroeconomic indicators, the standard of living of citizens, the media, the use of political technologies, etc. The author notes that researchers have begun to mark a certain impact on the rating of national leaders of international events and interstate conflicts. The review of the literature showed that most researchers studied the factors of approval of the president's activities on the example of the United States. The author came to the conclusion that Russia is also a good laboratory for research and finding answers to a number of questions: Does the country's participation in military conflicts affect the popularity of the President of the Russian Federation? Does the low approval rating of the head of state lead to the initiation of a military conflict? The diversionary theory of war and the «rally around the flag» effect became the methodological basis of the article. Based on theoretical reflection, two working hypotheses were formulated: 1) a decrease in the approval rating of the president leads to an increase in the aggressiveness of foreign policy and the initiation of a military conflict; 2) Russia's participation in military conflicts leads to an increase in the popularity / approval of the activities of the President of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is an empirical test of these hypotheses. The author collected data on the rating of Russia's president from 2000 to 2022 and conducted a regression analysis of time series. A comparative analysis of cases was used as a research method. As a result of statistical and other calculations, the author came to the conclusion that a decrease in the approval rating of the President of the Russian Federation does not lead to the initiation of military conflicts. The article substantiates the idea that the effect of the «rally around the flag» has matter in Russia, the participation of the armed forces in conflicts leads to an increase in the approval of the activities of the President of the Russian Federation.

The open innovation (OI) is the actual framework for exploiting external resources and wider networks in doing innovation instead of just operating with in-house resources. Business incubators ensure networking and facilitate OI collaborations both inside the incubator among entrepreneurs and outside with external stakeholders.
The purpose of the qualitative study is to identify the European trends in business incubation through OI approach by setting two main tasks – 1) identify business incubation trends and 2) validate these theoretical findings by conducting the empirical study in Latvia business incubators and 3) draw the conclusions for business incubation practitioners in order to improve business incubation from OI perspective.
The qualitative research methods applied – 1) literature review on business incubation trends, OI approach in business incubation such as service provision, online and onsite incubation, tenant OI competences and strategies, co-creation and collaboration and 2) the empirical qualitative research in Latvia business incubators by conducting incubator management (13) interviews.
The results proved that the main national trends dominant and present in Latvian business incubation are corresponding to the European trends, namely, 1) incubators are serving as OI partners and are recognized by tenants as access providers to external resources ands networks; 2) networking as facilitating activity of the inside-out and outside-in OI strategies; 3) tenants' OI strategies and motivation as well as variety of OI partners (experts, mentors, clients, companies, researchers, universities) promote the better incubation results in terms of ideas validated, product developed, companies created and innovation implemented. These results are in line with the main findings on European trends from a literature review perspective.
This article provides national findings on OI application in business incubation as the empirical novelty for business incubation practitioners, academia, entrepreneurship support policy makers and tenants internationally detecting the crucial role of OI activities applied in business incubation and incubators as OI partners. Business incubation trend analysis through Open innovation approach is a novelty of this research.
Key words: open innovation, open innovation strategies, business incubator, business incubation trends, value co-creation
Acknowledgement
This research was conducted within the project "Open Innovation, No1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/426" funded by Postdoctoral Research Support Aid programme of Latvia.

PurposeThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health crisis worldwide and heavily disrupted the healthcare supply chain. This study focuses on analysing the different types of disruptions occurring in personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic and on proposing mitigation strategies that are fit to the global scale and many interdependencies that are characteristic for this pandemic. The authors construct a conceptual system dynamics model (SD) based on the literature and adjusted with the use of empirical data (interviews) to capture the complexity of a global supply chain and identify leverage points (mitigation strategies).Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a mix-methods approach. First, the authors developed a conceptual framework based on four types of disruptions that usually occur during health emergencies (direct effect, policy, supply chain strategy, and behaviourally induced disruptions). Second, the authors collected and analysed data from interviews with experts in the PPE supply chain. Based on the interviews data, the authors developed a conceptual system dynamics (SD) model that allows to capture the complex and dynamic interplay between the elements of the global supply chain system, by highlighting key feedback loops, delays, and the way the mitigation strategies can impact on them. From this analysis, the authors developed four propositions for supply chain risk management (SCRM) in global health emergencies and four recommendations for the policy and decision makers.FindingsThe SD model highlights that without a combination of mitigation measures, it is impossible to overcome all disruptions. As such, a co-ordinated effort across the different countries and sectors that experience the disruptions is needed. The SD model also shows that there are important feedback loops, by which initial disruptions create delays and shortages that propagate through the supply chain network. If the co-ordinated mitigation measures are not implemented early at the onset of the pandemic, these disruptions will be persistent, creating potential shortages of PPE and other critical equipment at the onset of a pandemic – when they are most urgently needed.Originality/valueThis research enriches the understanding of the disruptions of PPE supply chains on the systems level and proposes mitigation strategies based on empirical data and the existing literature.

Background The quality assessment provides information on the overall strength of evidence and methodological quality of a research design, highlighting the level of confidence the reader should place on the findings for decision making. This paper aimed to assess the quality (methodology and quality of reporting) of ageing studies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Method This paper is the second of a Four-Part Series paper of a previous systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed literature on ageing studies conducted in SSA. We updated the literature search to include additional 32 articles, a total of 544 articles included in this paper. Downs & Black checklist, Case Report guidelines checklist, the 45-items Lundgren et al. checklist, and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool were used to assess the methodological quality of quantitative, case reports, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. Quality assessment was piloted and conducted in pairs for each study type. Depending on the checklist, each study was classified as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Result Of the 544 articles, we performed the quality assessment of a total of 451 quantitative studies [Randomized control trials (RCTs) and pre-post (n=15), longitudinal (n=122), case-control (n=15) and cross-sectional (n=300); 4 case reports, 74 qualitative and 15 mixed-method studies. Only 20.4% (n=111) articles were of high quality [one RCT, 27 longitudinal, 4 case-control, 48 cross-sectional studies, 19 qualitative, and 12 mixed-method studies]. The remaining 433 were rated as moderate quality (n=292, 53.7%), fair quality (n = 96, 17.7%) and poor quality (n = 45, 8.2%). Most (80%) quantitative articles' sample size is small, resulting in insufficient power to detect a clinically or significant important effect. Three-quarter (75%) of the qualitative studies did not report their research team characteristics and a reflexivity component of the 45-items Lundgren et al. checklist. Mixed-method studies with low quality did not report the qualitative studies properly. Conclusion We conclude that the methodological and quality reporting of published studies on ageing in SSA show variable quality, albeit primarily moderate quality, against high quality. Studies with a large sample size are recommended, and qualitative researchers should provide a section on research team members' characteristics and reflexivity in their paper or as an appendix.

This article investigates voters' preferences for party families in Western European countries' general elections in the 2000s. According to the realignment literature, "traditional" class voting patterns have been replaced by new class-party alignments: upper-middle employee classes joined the electoral bases of left parties, whereas radical right actors introduced in the electoral competition of the most deprived strata of the population, labeled "left behind". This article aims to answer to the research questions: do social class and political values affect voting behavior in Western European general elections? Which direction are these variables associated with the preference of party families? The first section outlines the theoretical framework, accounting for the "societal modernization" processes, which have been affecting Western societies since the late 1960s. Among the "traditional" cleavages, the literature assumes the realignment of class voting patterns, as well as alignments between value orientations and political preferences. Indeed, class-party alignments are mediated by the political supply's mobilization of voters according to their value orientations. Such appeals differ among party families, partly explaining why specific classes constitute their electoral bases or contested stronghold. The theoretical framework hypothesizes political values as clustered in three ideologies (social and economic conservatism-liberalism, and authoritarianism-libertarianism). Those political values, which do not assimilate in ideologies, constitute more proximal factors, i.e., evaluations of specific political issues close to elections (attitudes). Having defined class voting realignment and a theoretical account of value voting, the paper empirically investigates their associations with vote choices in Western Europe. The analyses ground onEuropean Social Surveydata, aggregating the responses concerning the 12 Western European countries for which data are available in all waves. The dependent variable clusters the parties, which competed in the general elections occurred in the time span considered, in party families. Fixed effects multinomial logistic regression models are performed to detect which social classes constitute party families' bases or contested stronghold and how more proximal variables based on values account for class voting patterns. The results clearly show whose social classes are more likely to have voted for radical left, center-left, center-right, and radical right party families. Political ideologies account for a portion of these preferences for mainstream political actors, whereas political attitudes partly explain the introduction of radical right parties in the competition for working classes with left families.

Os fenômenos mutacionais em regiões gênicas responsáveis pelo ciclo celular e reparo aos danos de DNA estão intimamente relacionados com a formação do câncer. Além disso, as alterações epigenéticas contribuem, significativamente, para o surgimento de neoplasias, e envolvem metilação do DNA, as modificações de histonas e o imprinting genômico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar na literatura como os mecanismos epigenéticos estão relacionados com o surgimento de diferentes tipos de câncer. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, a partir de pesquisas de artigos científicos publicados no período de 2017 a 2021, nas plataformas Scielo e PubMed com os descritores: "epigenética", "câncer", "susceptibilidade" e "hipermetilação", disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, no intervalo de tempo dos últimos cinco anos, e que abordasse a temática do estudo. Os resultados obtidos a partir da revisão bibliográfica demonstram claramente que grandes mudanças na metilação do DNA em regiões gênicas chave e ilhas CpG estão relacionados com o surgimento do câncer. Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas biomédicas têm demonstrado o potencial da metilação anormal do DNA para uso como biomarcadores do câncer. De fato, a compreensão do papel dos mecanismos epigenéticos no desenvolvimento do câncer permite que sejam criados métodos de diagnóstico e tratamentos mais eficazes.

Palavras-chave: Epigenética. Câncer. Metilação. Prognóstico.

Abstract
Mutational phenomena in gene regions responsible for cell cycle and DNA damage repair are closely related to cancer formation. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations significantly contribute to the emergence of neoplastic cells due to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and genomic imprinting. This work aims to verify in the literature how epigenetic mechanisms are related to the emergence of different types of cancer. An integrative review was carried out based on research of scientific articles published from 2017 to 2021, on the Scielo and PubMed platforms with the descriptors: "epigenetics", "cancer", "susceptibility" and "hypermethylation", available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, within the period of the last five years. The results obtained from the literature review demonstrate that large changes in DNA methylation in key gene regions and CpG islands are related to the cancer emergence. In recent years, biomedical research has demonstrated the potential for abnormal DNA methylation for use as cancer biomarkers. Understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of cancer allows for the creation of more effective diagnostic methods and treatments.

Keywords: Epigenetics. Cancer. Methylation. Prognosis.

PurposeCOVID-19 has galvanized educational institutions to rapidly adopt technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environment where students are required to use and manage a diverse set of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Using the Transactional Theory of Stress, the authors investigate the impact of a TEL environment on students' stress, cognitive appraisal and coping. The authors also explore how the TEL environment impacts students' learning satisfaction and performance.Design/methodology/approachA survey using Qualtrics was developed to collect the data from 275 undergraduate students. The authors used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) through SmartPLS for instrument validation and testing of the structural model. The reflective-formative model was applied as the measures used to evaluate the first-order constructs are unidimensional, and the second-order construct has a formative measurement.FindingsStudents experienced technology-related stress due to ICT use. The negative appraisal such as harm and threat leads to emotion-focused coping among students, while the constructive appraisal such as positive and challenge leads to problem-focused coping. Emotion-focused coping was found to negatively impact learning satisfaction, while problem-focused coping was found to positively impact satisfaction. The authors also found that students with a higher level of experience with online and hybrid classes, higher confidence in computer usage and lower anxiety are better equipped to deal with technostress.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides the first comprehensive technostress model in the IS literature that uses formative modeling to explain technostress creators and inhibitors and emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping, as was intended by the Transactional Theory of Stress. The result allows for rethinking TEL environment by drawing attention to strategies that can reduce technological complexity and uncertainty. For future research, it may be helpful to perform a longitudinal or experimental study to obtain rigorous causal inference. Originality/valueThere is limited research on the impact of technostress in the field of higher education. Also, technostress has been used inconsistently in Information Systems research, with the majority of research focusing on technostress creators and inhibitors only. This research incorporates all the constructs of the original theory adding new knowledge to the IS literature about the nature and causes of stress created by the use of technology.

Abstract
The concept of community policing was adopted by the Malawi government as a vehicle to facilitate police and the public engagement in fighting crimes. Considering that community policing has existed for over a decade in Malawi, this study was carried out to holistically uncover challenges associated with public involvement in community policing activities with the purpose to provide empirically backed strategies for the efficient implementation of the concept.
The study employed a case study approach. Purposive sampling was used on one hand to select the research site – Central Regions of Malawi and to select the police officers working as Community Policing Coordinators and members of the communities working in Community Police Forums. Quota sampling was used to select police officers and members of the community from each district. Finally, convenient sampling was used to select police officers and members within the quotas of each district. Focus group discussions were conducted with 16 Community Police Forums; interviews were conducted with 16 Community Policing Coordinators; a questionnaire was used to collect data from 144 community members and 200 police officers.
Results show that the community members are not satisfied with police officers in the way they implement the community policing because the police do not offer the public enough protection from criminals and that the police mostly treat the community badly. The community members were involved in the implementation of the community policing mainly because of worsening crimes in the community, personal fear of the crimes, need to be recognised by the police and the desire to benefit from the rewards from Non-Governmental Organisations in form of food. The factors that challenged the implementation of community policing include lack of knowledge on community policing on the part of police officers; lack of recognition of community policing; corrupt practices; lack of confidentiality; poor working relationship; and lack of resources.
The concept of community policing continues to receive unprecedented attention in police reforms. Much as there is evidence of growing literature on this concept, little is known in Malawi where this study was conducted. In light of this, the study provides valuable literature which might be necessary for global academics and particularly in community policing in Malawi with practical implications on re-designing and continued implementation of community policing in Malawi and perhaps other developing countries.

AbstrakIndonesia telah melakukan transformasi teknologi militer, persenjataan, organisasi dan doktrin militer dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan internal dan eksternal. Apakah transformasi militer tersebut sesuai dengan konsep Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA)? Tulisan ini menganalisa komponen RMA Indonesia manakah yang paling penting berhasil dilakukan sejak 2004 hingga 2021? Pada periode kapan RMA paling baik telah terjadi? Tulisan ini berdasarkan penelitian metode campuran (mix method). Metodologi kuantitatif berdasarkan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) serta metode kualitatif berdasarkan Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) melalui pertimbangan aspek Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial, Teknologi, Lingkungan/Environment, Hukum/Legal/Law (PESTLE). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner terhadap 9 responden ahli RMA, interview serta analisa literature. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komando, kontrol, computer dan integrasi sistem (C4) merupakan komponen RMA yang paling penting di Indonesia sejak 2004 hingga 2021. Pelaksanaan RMA terbaik yaitu pada 2009 hingga 2014. Analisa SWOT menunjukkan militer Indonesia masih belum optimal menangani perubahan ancaman dari dalam maupun luar sehingga perlu melakukan strategi diversifikasi.Kata kunci: Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), Indonesia, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Politics, Economy, Social, Technology, Law, Environment (PESTLE) dan Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) AbstractIndonesia has transformed its military technology, weapons, organization, and military doctrine corresponding to its environments. However, is the transformation in line with the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) concept? This paper evaluates components undertaken of Indonesian RMA from 2004 to 2021, also examines when Indonesia performed the best RMA. The study utilized the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a quantitative methodology; and the Politic, Economy, Social, Technology, Environment, Law, and (PESTLE) and Strength-Weakness-Opportunity- Threat (SWOT) for the quantitative side. The paper uses nine expert questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews for data collection. The result shows that command, control, computers, and system integration are the most significant RMA components from 2004 to 2021. The best RMA takes place from 2009 to 2014. The SWOT analysis indicates that the Indonesian military is still not optimal in anticipating changes from within and outside; thus, it is imperative to carry out a diversification strategy.Keywords: Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), Indonesia, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Politics, Economy, Social, Technology, Law, Environment (PESTLE), and Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats (SWOT).

Abstract MSMEs' Product Packaging Review on Solo's Destination Branding. With its designation (Solo.red) as the City of Culture, Solo has a distinct image and its positioning on the Indonesian tourism map, which is very appealing if showcased on the packaging of its souvenir products. MSMEs' processed food products are souvenirs that tourists find attractive when visiting a tourist destination. Packaging that promotes regional specialties commonly encourages tourists to purchase products. The product packaging can include storytelling about the areas visited, but this strategy is not used for all MSMEs' processed food products. The identification of design elements on the packaging and the literature study on how to package processed food according to government legality for processed food products of SMEs were performed in this study to investigate the implementation of the destination branding concept of Solo as a City of Culture on the packaging of souvenir products. It is expected that packaging labels developed with such a strategy empower MSMEs and support their products to become the spearheads in the tourism sector in Solo City. Keywords: processed food products, packaging, MSMEs, destination branding Abstrak Tinjauan Kemasan Produk UMKM pada Destination Branding Kota Solo. Dengan penetapan Kota Surakarta (Solo.red) sebagai Kota Budaya, Solo mempunyai citra khas dan positioning tersendiri dalam peta pariwisata Indonesia yang akan sangat menarik apabila ditampilkan dalam kemasan produk oleh-olehnya. Produk makanan olahan UMKM merupakan produk oleh-oleh yang cukup diminati wisatawan saat mengunjungi suatu destinasi wisata. Kemasan yang menampilkan kekhasan daerah seringkali mendorong pembelian produk oleh wisatawan. Kemasan produk bisa menampilkan storytelling atas daerah yang dikunjungi, tapi tidak semua produk makanan olahan UMKM dikemas dengan strategi demikian. Identifikasi atas elemen-elemen desain pada kemasan dan studi literatur tentang cara pengemasan makanan olahan sesuai legalitas pemerintah atas produk makanan olahan UMKM dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat implementasi konsep destination branding Kota Solo sebagai Kota Budaya pada kemasan produk oleh-olehnya. Diharapkan, Label kemasan dengan strategi demikian akan membuat UMKM semakin berdaya dan produk mereka mampu menjadi ujung tombak dalam bidang pariwisata di Kota Solo. Kata kunci: produk makanan olahan, kemasan, UMKM, destination branding

As a country with the largest Muslim population globally, Indonesia can become a leader in the Islamic financial industry. The increased public awareness of halal matters and stakeholders' strong support are essential factors in developing the halal industry ecosystem in Indonesia. The Islamic banking industry in Indonesia itself has experienced a significant increase and development in the past three decades. Product innovation, service improvement, and network development show a positive trend from year to year. The spirit to accelerate is also reflected in the number of Islamic banks that take corporate actions. Sharia banks owned by State-owned banks are no exception, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah, and BRI Syariah. Indonesia uses the SWOT approach. This study uses a literature study where the data come from literature related to the title under study. In this study, the authors collected the data from existing research and summary reports on mergers carried out by 3 Islamic banks, namely BRI Syariah Bank, Mandiri Syariah Bank, and BNI Syariah Bank. It can be concluded that Bank Syariah Indonesia has massive capital strength and sources of funds, regulation, facilities, and support from the government and already has m-banking BSI Mobile. The weaknesses of Bank Syariah Indonesia are less competitive business models and products, less optimal quality and quantity of human resources, integration problems and corporate culture, ecosystems, and information technology that are still lagging behind conventional banks. The opportunities for Bank Syariah Indonesia are penetrating markets that were previously inaccessible, the increasing number of investors in the Islamic capital market, global Sukuk financing, the financial technology ecosystem, the efforts by the government and academia in growing digital and financial inclusion, and the large Muslim population in Indonesia. The threats that arise are the low literacy and inclusion of the Islamic banking system, the increasing risk of financing liquidity problems, the ratio of non-performing financing, and competitors' better financial technology. It was suggested that mergers exploit synergies, reduce overlaps in operations, right-sizing, and redeploy surplus staff either by retraining, restructuring labor, or voluntary retirement. The merger likewise meets the need for development, diminishing the degree of rivalry, and making an enormous substance between State-owned Islamic banking enterprises.

Background Despite decades of evidence gathering and calls for action, few countries have systematically attenuated health inequities (HI) through action on the social determinants of health (SDH). This is at least partly because doing so presents a significant political and policy challenge. This paper explores this challenge through a review of the empirical literature, asking: what factors have enabled and constrained the inclusion of the social determinants of health inequities (SDHI) in government policy agendas? Methods A narrative review method was adopted involving three steps: first, drawing upon political science theories on agenda-setting, an integrated theoretical framework was developed to guide the review; second, a systematic search of scholarly databases for relevant literature; and third, qualitative analysis of the data and thematic synthesis of the results. Studies were included if they were empirical, met specified quality criteria, and identified factors that enabled or constrained the inclusion of the SDHI in government policy agendas. Results A total of 48 studies were included in the final synthesis, with studies spanning a number of country-contexts and jurisdictional settings, and employing a diversity of theoretical frameworks. Influential factors included the ways in which the SDHI were framed in public, media and political discourse; emerging data and evidence describing health inequalities; limited supporting evidence and misalignment of proposed solutions with existing policy and institutional arrangements; institutionalised norms and ideologies (ie, belief systems) that are antithetical to a SDH approach including neoliberalism, the medicalisation of health and racism; civil society mobilization; leadership; and changes in government. Conclusion A complex set of interrelated, context-dependent and dynamic factors influence the inclusion or neglect of the SDHI in government policy agendas. It is better to think about these factors as increasing (or decreasing) the 'probability' of health equity reaching a government agenda, rather than in terms of 'necessity' or 'sufficiency.' Understanding these factors may help advocates develop strategies for generating political priority for attenuating HI in the future. Keywords Health Inequities; Health Inequalities; Social Determinants of Health; Agenda-Setting; Policy Process ; This work was supported by the NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on the Social Determinants of Health Equity: Policy research on the social determinants of health equity (APP1078046).

This research wants to know the influence of Youtube and Fcaebook on the political economy of communication. This studi uses the political economy theory of communication and new media theory. This study uses a qualitative methololody with a literature revies study. Based on th theory of new media and the political economy of communication, global captalism based on digital technology and the internet has transformed into e-capitalism that dominates the global media market. Facebook indireclty has hires its users to generate capital accumulation without them knowing that they have become "workers". Basically, the activity of uploading videos oh Youtube can be classified as political economy activity. This is because in the proces of production, distribution and consumption of media content, it is the company that retains the highest authority. Users are able to produce and distribute ther content through the platforms provided, but users need to obey the rules that have been made by the company. This is done to increase the company's profit. The existence of new media such as Youtube has made the audience good consumers and has prepared them to become obedient workers to the owners of capital. ; Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh Youtube dan Facebook terhadap ekonomi politik Komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ekonomi politik komunikasi dan teori new media. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan studi literatur review. Berdasarkan teori new media dan ekonomi politik komunikasi, maka Kapitalisme global berbasis teknologi digital dan internet telah menjelma menjadi e-capitalism yang menguasai pasar media global. Facebook secara tidak langsung telah mempekerjakan penggunanya untuk menghasilkan akumulasi kapital tanpa mereka sadar telah menjadi "buruh". Aktivitas mengunggah video di Youtube pada dasarnya dapat digolongkan kedalam aktivitas ekonomi politik Komunikasi. Hal ini disebabkan dalam proses produksi, distribusi, hingga konsumsi konten media, perusahaanlah yang tetap memiliki otoritas tertinggi. Pengguna mampu memproduksi dan mendistribusikan kontennya melalui platform yang disediakan, namun pengguna perlu mentaati aturan yang telah dibuat oleh perusahaan. Hal ini tidak lain dilakukan untuk meningkatkan profit perusahaan. Keberadaan media baru seperti Youtube telah menjadikan khalayak sebagai konsumen yang baik dan mempersiapkan mereka menjadi pekerja yang patuh pada pemilik modal.