Suchergebnisse

Key figures in realising the idea of the play «The Coast of Utopia» by Tom Stoppard appear to be Alexander Herzen and Vissarion Belinsky in the opinion of many researchers. This article attempts to determine the functional significance of the image of Ivan Turgenev in Tom Stoppard's play in the light of postmodern tendencies. The author of the article proves that the image of Ivan Turgenev is not central in Tom Stoppard's book, but the said writer is of particular importance in the realisation of the idea of the work. It emphasises the colour of the era, immerses the reader in the past, allows one drawing parallels between the time of the writer's life and the present. The opinion of the hero Ivan Turgenev, in which Tom Stoppard tried to convey the features and characteristics of the prototype as much as possible, becomes an alternative in political discussions and literary disputes about the role of literature and the appointment of the writer in society, about the role of the individual in history. Special attention is paid to historical facts in the play by Tom Stoppard, to the love story between Ivan Turgenev and Pauline Viardot.

The article deals with the latest methods of constructing a literary text in American short fiction. There are two main types of narrative: theatrical performance and psychological sketch. Theatricality finds expression in the elements of surrealism, magical realism, absurdity. Sometimes it develops into an overt puppet theatre performance. The psychological sketch takes the form of an emotional monolog or an impression. The article analyses the transformations of the author – he constantly changes masks, breaks up into plurality of self; as well as of the protagonist, a passive, problem creature, often a person with damaged psyche. The article substantiates the need to study new concepts of constructing a literary text. Modern authors create "explosions of truth", most often impartial, moving away from the usual canons and inventing new ones, sometimes taken to the extreme, exaggerated means of artistic expression. It is argued that a story is able to "capture" the momentary and barely noticeable. A striking sample of modern literary techniques is Frederic Tuten's collection "Self-Portraits: Fictions" (2010), an example of intertextuality, essential for the aesthetics of post-postmodernism.

In historical science the concept of "collaborationismˮ is defined as the cooperation with the enemy of a certain part of the population in the interests of the enemy state and to the detriment of one's homeland. During the Soviet period this phenomenon was practically not considered for political and ideological reasons. Significant shifts began to occur with the collapse of the Soviet state and the subsequent democratisation of the political and spiritual system. In the 1990's – the early 2000s, the military, ideological and political variant of collaboration became extremely popular among the researchers, however the administrative form of collaboration, especially on the regional level, still has dramatically poor analysis. The author of the article, analysing a significant layer of research works, tries to identify controversial and scientifically understudied directions in the consideration of administrative collaborationism. The researcher is not trying to limit himself to a superficial review of the general historiography; he rather seeks to identify the missing fragments of the study of such a complex phenomenon. The article is based on the formulation of specific issues, which at the moment are either suppressed or poorly studied.

The paper highlights the socio–cultural aspects of professional crime reflected in the regional press of the late XIX - early XX centuries. The author examines various forms of criminal activity and offenses on the territory of Yaroslavl. The main type of crimes of that time were crimes against property. There were four categories of professional criminals in Yaroslavl: robbers, professional thieves, swindlers, and vagrants - professional beggars. The most common were thefts from households and commercial establishments. Despite the sacrilege, churches became a regular place of embezzlement. Fraudulent operations became more complicated. The number of securities crimes has increased. The real problem of the city was a significant accumulation of beggars, including professional ones, who actively involved minors in illegal activities. Cases of open robberies and robberies occurred less frequently, but posed the greatest danger. Yaroslavl night watchmen acted ineffectively, and there were not enough police posts at night. The article concludes that along with the modernization of society and urbanization, professional crime has also changed. During the period of socio-economic and political upheavals, the variety and number of criminal acts increased.

The article is devoted to determining the level of psychological well-being of Chinese and Russian students in a cross-cultural context. The article presents the concept of psychological well-being, its structure and factors are revealed, empirical referents of the studied phenomenon are determined. The study sample consisted of Chinese (n = 63) and Russian (n = 63) students, as representatives of different cultures. The main criterion for selecting the sample was the ontogenetic stage of personality development - early adulthood, as well as the education of respondents in provincial universities (Russian students studied at Kostroma State University, Chinese students - at Guangxi University). The methodological complex included the "Scale of psychological well-beingˮ by K. Riff in the adaptation of N.N. Lepeshinsky; "Scale of Happinessˮ Lyubomirsky, Lepper adapted by D.A. Leontiev; "Life Satisfaction Scaleˮ Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin adapted by D.A. Leontieva, E.N. Aspen. Significant differences in the psychological well-being of Russian and Chinese students are shown. The author of the article concludes that the indicator of psychological well-being among Chinese and Russian students correlates with the cultural and social contexts of their lives.

The article is devoted to a multidimensional analysis of the motifs and images of a biblical nature, key to the work of Yuriy Kuznetsov, related to the realisation of the theme of the afterlife. The research material consists of poems from different years that include the lexemes "hell" and (or) "paradise". In the course of the work, the place of these images in the artistic world of Yuriy Kuznetsov was determined, their relationship was considered in the light of the poetic and religious searches of the author. It is shown that involvement in the spiritual component of life is defined by the poet as communion with the original being, embodied in the image of the Garden of Eden. In contrast to it, hell stands out – a place of "similitude". The Biblical canon plays an important role in the analysis of these images. It is established that the opposition "hell – paradise" reflects not only the basic Orthodox concept of the afterlife, but also the idea of two states of the human soul – in the bosom of religion and outside it – key to understanding Yuriy Kuznetsov's thought about the primary role of faith in human life.

The conventions traditionally attributed to journalism are increasingly challenged by theorists and practitioners of the media environment in modern conditions, which actualises the problem of the sustainability of the profession's normative core. The threat of the diminution of the ideals of objectivity and neutrality raises the need to study the possible strengthening of the journalistic voice as a trend that is gaining ground in the era of digital and social media. On the example of BuzzFeed News, Life, Regnum, UnCos|News, NeKhabar, Tengrinews, the degree of expression of the indicators of subjective journalistic voice in political news in crisis and non-crisis periods is determined. The results are compared with the intensity of the manifestation of the author's voice in the news texts created in line with the traditional media logic. The interconnections between the strength of the journalistic voice and the critical content of the publications are outlined. The author reveals the expansion of journalistic presence in the news, achieved by moving beyond the mode of strategic depersonalisation. The conclusion is made about the observed deviation in the digital environment from the practices of following an objective reporter's voice.

"I have not the least doubt of it for you have made it of bread and butter instead of tea," said Mr. Damer when Adam Smith, whom he was visiting that morning, declared "it was the worst tea he had ever met with" (Rae 1895, p. 238). The year 2023 marks the 300th anniversary of Smith, this absent-minded and introverted thinker, who enjoyed long solitary walks by the seaside more than anything else, was a fervent admirer of Voltaire, and became a familiar figure for those who saw him walk every morning to work at the Custom House in Edinburgh, absorbed in conversation with himself "with a bunch of flowers in his left hand, and his cane, held by the middle, borne on his right shoulder" (Rae 1895, pp. 329–330). A loyal friend and poor correspondent, Smith left an indelible mark during his life as a remarkable thinker and author of renowned books, which would, as Adam Ferguson wrote to him in April 1776, "form the opinions, and I hope to govern at least the coming generations" (Smith 1987, hereinafter Corr., p. 193).

The rise in splinter groups within rebel movements and opposition groups has serious implications for conflict resolution efforts. Yet existing literature has not sufficiently touched on the key implications and factors that lead to the split and fragmentation of rebel groups. One of the conflicts that have been impacted by the problem of fragmentation of warring parties is the South Sudan conflict. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) has experienced internal fragmentation historically during the struggle for independence from Sudan and today during the civil war that began in 2011. New groups have emerged claiming to be paying allegiance to leaders and pursuing a different course. This paper argues that internal fragmentation within the SPLM constitutes a serious threat to peace in Africa's youngest nation. The author examines the motivations behind such fragmentations and their implication in the understanding of the South Sudan prolonged conflict. The paper begins by examining the causes of the South Sudan conflict and the patterns of violence, and it assesses wartime governance and the fragmentation of the groups. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for the resolution of the conflict.

In an effort to substantiate the fundamental areligiosity of morality and the amo­rality of religion, Richard Dawkins develops the argument from a universal moral ability that has evolutionary genesis and is therefore inherent in people, re­gardless of their religious beliefs. In his book The God Delusion (2006), he uses the results of a thought experiment conducted by M. Hauser and P. Singer, who were the first to put forward this argument, claiming that their test did not reveal noticeable differences in the moral modus cogitandi of believers and atheists. The aim of the article is to give a critical analysis of that argument as based on a false presumption. It is reduced to opposition: either morality has arisen in the course of natural evolution, and then religion has nothing to do with it – or morality has been the supernatural gift of God, and then evolution has nothing to do with it. The author proves that the results of the experiment do not give grounds for the ideological conclusions that those advocates of atheism build on them.

AbstractSince 2015, power in Poland has been exercised by the right-wing populist coalition, led by the socially conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party. The deconfliction mark of these governments became the "unholy alliance" with Christianity, which was a movement that used populist manipulation based on exacerbating social dichotomy, campaigning against the LGBT community, nationalism, xenophobia, attitudes of rejection, anti-pluralism and anti-establishment. In this context, the aim of this article is to theoretically analyse the ideological and religious frames between right-wing populism and Christianity in Poland. The considerations begin with the presentation of the theoretical background, that is, the relationship that exists between the populist "thin-core ideology" and Christianity within the framework of ideological appropriation of religion by populists. Furthermore, the author will make an attempt to decipher mutual influences and seek answers to the question: How did PiS "hijack" the Catholic Church in Poland? The next step will present a comparative identification of convergent and divergent frameworks between right-wing populists and the Catholic Church in Poland. Finally, the article will outline indications for the socio-pastoral prevention of populism and a summary of the main results.

Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH) play an essential role in the risk of developing diseases or medical disorders. Conducting a comprehensive retrospective analysis is necessary to better understand the development status, research hotspots, and development trends of SDoH research. The bibliometric analysis method is applied based on CiteSpace and VOS viewer to quantitatively analyze and visually review the articles published in the field of SDoH from Web of Science core databases from 2000 to 2021. We quantitatively analyzed the author, institution, and other basic information to probe the development of SDoH and then visually investigated the high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and keyword clusters to understand better the evolution of hotspots and development directions of SDoH during the study period. Health inequality is the main keyword of the SDoH field, and disease burden is expected to maintain a hotspot in recent years. Further, research methodologies could be improved to explain how upstream SDoH influences human lived experience. Additionally, the SDoH field needs to utilize the horizons of the multidisciplinary approach to consider and discuss sustainable development issues to offer implications for health improvement policy and interventions.

Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat's first novel Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness) written in 1985. The translation was done from a later original Arabic manuscript roughly the same as the 1994 Baghdadi edition. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers' community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable "Avdei Sarei," who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. In this article, the translator of Sages of Darkness analyzes Barakat's novelistic techniques for the purpose of prompting a better understanding of the novel, and by-the-by, if possible, to solve the enigma of the meaning of the title.

AbstractThe mainstream studies of the East Asian tributary system have been exhibiting a stance that tends to stress the importance of Confucianism in forming and sustaining the tributary system throughout its long history. However, there are still several questions (especially those of a theoretical nature) that historians have yet to answer: How could Confucianism have contributed to the formation and sustenance of this tributary system? Why could this Confucian-based tributary system be recognized and employed in relations with non-Confucian frontier tribes? Why could this system have worked with both the nomadic tribes on the northern frontier and the South-East Asian countries that were neither Confucian nor nomadic? Drawing on the results of ritual studies in anthropology, Chinese historiography and Chinese philosophy, this author seeks a broader methodology that can be used to conceptualize the tributary ritual and its constitutive power structure, which forms the foundation of the central part of the East Asian world order. This paper is a theoretical attempt to find a non-Sinocentric way to interpret the formally Sinocentric tribute system in premodern East Asia.

The topic of this article is the function of sport in Russia's bilateral relations with the Baltic States. The author attempts to define the goals which the Russian Federation wants to accomplish by using sport as a 'soft power' in relations with the Baltic States. The concept of the article is based on an analysis of three forms of sport politicisation described in the subject literature – as a collector (a carrier of certain values or ideas), a catalyst (a factor initiating processes or events) and a facilitator (the means facilitating communication and understanding). The examples provided as an illustration of the theses relate to the events that took place from 2002 to 2018. The source material consists predominantly of information obtained from online information portals, such as Delfi, RIA, Nowosti and Postimees. The analysis has showed that, in its relations with the Baltic States, Russia tries to use sport to strengthen its position and improve its image internationally. It also attempts to implement a historical policy at sporting events as well as use sporting rivalry as a demonstration of its power.