Suchergebnisse

Based on the experiences of women caregivers, we reflect in this paper on the discomforts and the symptoms that arise from them, which they associate with caregiving, considering that the inequalities of caring are centered in specific sociocultural contexts. A qualitative methodology with topic narrative research design is used. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews. One of the contradictions of caregiving is that women feel the duty to take care of another person, and in this way, they normalize it. Considering the findings of this study, it seems that in rural Mexico, female caregivers have no choice: in a patriarchal sex-gender system it is only possible to resist the overwhelming burden of caregiving through love and gratitude, regardless of taking care of themselves.

Community empowerment is done to improve the quality of the community in their welfare through activities that can improve the quality of the community as human resources and increase the potential of the region. One of the government programs for farmers is the holding of the Women Farmers Group (KWT) program with the aim to further improve and develop the capabilities of farmers and their families. The purpose of this community service activity is to improve the quality of product packaging for the Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) by giving product logos. In addition, there is the Zakat Village Index (IDZ) activity to find out Haurkuning village classified as a village worthy or not given zakat Keywords: community, women farmers group, zakat village index

Recent evidence from industrialized countries shows that men and women tend to exhibit different voting preferences, with greater proportions of women favoring left-wing parties. This phenomenon, known as the 'modern gender gap', has been observed in recent Israeli elections as well. After discussing the history of the 'traditional gender gap', the article examines the gender gap in the 2013 and 2015 Israeli elections from a geographical and socio-economic perspective, using Israel National Election Studies (INES) data. We focus on two main hypotheses concerning these elections: first, that the gender gap in voting varies according to the geographic location of voters; second, that the modern gender gap affects voters residing in affluent localities. Our findings indicate that both hypotheses hold for the 2013 election but not for the 2015 election.

The RI-PNG border area has many problems. In this study, the authors would like to see the participation of border women living in Skouw Mabo, Skouw Sae and Skouw Yambe in the 2018 provincial governor election. This is in line with the noble ideals of the state that has ratified the convention for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women in Act No. 7 of 1984. This research will be conducted in the above three villages specifically for female border voters using qualitative research method with descriptive analysis. The output or outcome of this research is to get the comparison of female and male voters in the election seen in gender perspective in international relations and women's participation rate which will impact on gender responsive development plan in RI-PNG border area.

On the one side, as a male, Tennessee Williams showed a strong awareness on feminist issues because of his special personal experience, which can be proved by his many plays portraying women. On the other side, he expressed admiration to the muscular beauty of men. A Streetcar Named Desire can be seen as a play to display the conflict in Williams' mind and to demonstrate his deep sympathy to women. By constructing the confrontation between hero and heroine, Tennessee succeeded guiding readers to the ideal readers to share what in his mind. In this thesis, the author will use the theory of Reader-Response Criticism to explore Tennessee's awareness on feminist issues, and display how he converted the real readers to the ideal ones step by step.

This study explores the gendered narratives constructed in the coverage of the 2016 Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) European Championship football tournament in selected English newspapers. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study tests the efficacy of three established classifications and draws them together with a new, fourth classification thereby creating a typology of the (re)presentations of emphasised femininity. The analysis suggests that despite the increasing prevalence of female sports journalists and the increasing coverage of female athletes in a variety of sports, including football, the reporting of men's football in the English popular press continues to cast women in subordinate and sexualised roles. Furthermore, women who challenge these roles, particularly those who establish their own voice within the event's discursive space, are criticised.

Recent researches in the field of entrepreneurship give a renewed interest in the role of women entrepreneurship in the economic development. This document aims to draw up an analysis of the effect of female entrepreneurship on economic growth using a panel data over the period 2000- 2014 for a sample of twenty-five (developed and developing) countries. Results show that female entrepreneurship has a significant negative effect but also entrepreneurship is considered the channel, it has an indirect impact on economic growth even business creation has been a real engine of economic development; these are seen as a means to generate employment opportunities, income distribution, wealth creation and poverty reduction. Some recommendations are presented, in order to support of government initiatives and the effect on women-owned business performance which are also important.

The Indonesian women have achieved substantial progress over the last few decades and their participation in education, family planning, the labour force, and public life is relatively high by Asian standards. Literacy of women has incresed from 50.3 percent in 1971 to 78.6 percent in 1990; total fertility rates dropped from 5.6 in 1971 to 3-1 in 1991; infant mortality dropped from 143 in 1971 to 70 in 1985; female labour participation rates increased from 32.7 percent in 1980 to 39.2 percent in 1990; the ratio of male to female civil servants dropped from 3-6 in 1978 to 2.1 in 1990.The ratio of male to female member of parliament in Indonesia is lower than Singapore, Malaysia, USA, and Japan. However, many problems should be overcome before Indonesianwomen become fully integrated innational life.

Acid attacks are mostly intended towards women 80 % of the victims are women. The major causes at the back of such an act include family disputes, refusal to proposals, not responding to romantic advances, land or monetary disputes, domestic violence, and suspicion of infidelity. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act was passed by both Houses of Parliament of India in December 2016 and is now in force. The inclusion of acid attack victims in the list of disabilities in the RPWD Act 2016 will pave the way for employment opportunities for such individuals, some of whom have taken state governments to court to press for advance compensation. The inclusion has justified since acid attack victims face various psychosocial challenges including social stigma, which hinders them from full and effective participation in society.

The Indonesian women have achieved substantial progress over the last few decades and their participation in education, family planning, the labour force, and public life is relatively high by Asian standards. Literacy of women has incresed from 50.3 percent in 1971 to 78.6 percent in 1990; total fertility rates dropped from 5.6 in 1971 to 3-1 in 1991; infant mortality dropped from 143 in 1971 to 70 in 1985; female labour participation rates increased from 32.7 percent in 1980 to 39.2 percent in 1990; the ratio of male to female civil servants dropped from 3-6 in 1978 to 2.1 in 1990.The ratio of male to female member of parliament in Indonesia is lower than Singapore, Malaysia, USA, and Japan. However, many problems should be overcome before Indonesianwomen become fully integrated innational life.

Abstract
Using longitudinal data for Canada, we analyze the incidence and wage returns to employer supported course enrollment for men and women. Availability of confidential data, along with a relatively rich set of observable covariates, lead us to the estimation of difference-in-differences matching models of the effect of employer supported course enrolment on wages. The estimated average treatment effects on the treated range from 5.5 to 7.2 percent for men and 7.1 to 9.0 for women. While high-skilled workers show disproportionately higher rates of participation in employer-supported training, we observe no wage premiums for these types of workers. Statistically significant positive wage returns are found, on the other hand, for low-skilled workers.

JEL codes: C14, I20, J24, J31, M53

The issue of femininity and masculinity has long been a source of controversy, specifically when tied to positions of power, rights and obligations. Many will argue that masculinity dominates those positions of power, one of them being the military. It is an undeniable fact that the number of women soldiers is far below men soldiers. This is almost a universal trend. Using Joshua S. Goldstein's third hypothesis of "tough men and tender women", this research attempts to analyze the cultural construction of gender in the military that is present in four war movies dating back from 1957 to a more current one of 2008. The result of this research shows that although there has been a shift in what is considered as acceptable for masculinity, femininity still cannot escape its stereotype.

The taxicab operated as a crucial transitional mode of transport for bourgeois women, allowing them maximum power as spectators when it was still brave for a woman to be a pedestrian. The writings of Virginia Woolf, which so often depict bourgeois women coping with modernity, form the chief context in which to explore the role of the taxicab in liberating the modern woman. The taxi itself, clumsy and ungendered, encases a woman's body and protects her from the male gaze. At the same time, a woman in a taxi can look out upon the street or freely ignore it. As such, the taxi is a type of heterotopia: a real place but one which functions outside of and in a critical relation to, the norms of the rest of the community.

Even if she is very well known as a feminist author, Virginia Woolf 's practical work, and her relationship with British feminists is scarcely known since more attention has been paid to her distaste with signing manifestoes and participating in marches. The book in which she explicitly takes a position on these issues - Three Guineas - is, for reasons unknown, not available in Portuguese, even if most of her works are. Here, I draw attention to some of her work with the Women's Cooperative Guild - and her life-long friendship with Margaret Llewelyn Davies, one of the pioneers in the organization of women workers, whose first book about women workers in England-a kind of feminine version of the Engels's report about the British working class- Virgina Woolf herself published.

В статье рассматривается имущественное положение карельской крестьянки во второй половине XIX начале XX в. в соответствии с законодательными актами и нормами обычного права. На основе архивных материалов анализируются конкретные жизненные ситуации, характеризующие уровень правовой культуры и правового самосознания крестьянской женщины Олонецкой губернии. Показана готовность и способность сельских женщин отстаивать свои права. ; The paper deals with the property status of the Karelian peasant woman in the second half of the 19 th early 20 th century according to the legislation and customary law. Based on archival materials we analyze particular life situations that characterize the level of legal culture and legal consciousness of the peasant women in the Olonets Province. We try to show the willingness and ability of rural women to assert their rights.