Suchergebnisse

Josep Pane,1,2 Katia MC Verhamme,1 Dorian Villegas,2 Laura Gamez,3 Irene Rebollo,3 Miriam CJM Sturkenboom4 1Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; 2Alcon, Fort Worth, USA; 3Novartis, Barcelona, Spain; 4Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsCorrespondence: Josep PaneDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, NetherlandsEmail jpanesalvado@gmail.comBackground: Previous safety issues involving medical devices have stressed the need for better safety signal detection. Various European Union (EU) national competent authorities have started to focus on strengthening the analysis of vigilance data. Consequently, article 90 of the new EU regulation states that the European Commission shall put in place systems and processes to actively monitor medical device safety signals.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize the current state of knowledge and investigate the present tools used for medical device safety signal detection. An electronic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of science, and Google scholar from inception until January 2017. Articles that included terms related to medical devices and terms associated with safety were selected. A further selection was based on the abstract review. A full review of the remaining articles was conducted to decide on which articles finally to consider relevant for this review. Completeness was assessed based on the content of the articles.Results: Our search resulted in a total of 20,819 articles, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria and were subject to data extraction and completeness scoring. A wide range of data sources, especially spontaneous reporting systems and registries, used for the detection and assessment of product problems and patient harms associated with the use of medical devices, were studied. Coding is remarkably heterogeneous, no agreement on the preferred methods for signal detection exists, and no gold standard for signal detection has been established thus far.Conclusion: Data source harmonization, the development of gold standard signal detection methodologies and the standardization of coding dictionaries are amongst the recommendations to support the implementation of a new proactive approach to signal detection. The new safety surveillance system will be able to use real-world evidence to support regulatory decision-making across all jurisdictions.Keywords: signal detection, safety surveillance, post-market surveillance, post-market data sources, coding dictionaries, medical devices

Lauren Cadel,1,2 Stephanie R Cimino,3,4 Teagan Rolf von den Baumen,1 Kadesha A James,1 Lisa McCarthy,1,2,5 Sara JT Guilcher1,3,6 1Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; 3Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4St. John's Rehab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, North York, Ontario, Canada; 5Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCorrespondence: Sara JT GuilcherLeslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Room 604, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, CanadaTel + 1-416-946-7020Email sara.guilcher@utoronto.caPurpose: Many individuals take multiple prescribed and unprescribed medications, also known as polypharmacy, which can be problematic. Improving medication self-management is important; however, most medication management frameworks focus on adherence and limit the integration of the core components of self-management. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify what is reported in the literature on medication management frameworks or models within the context of self-management.Methods: Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) and grey literature (healthcare and government organization websites) were searched for articles that described a framework or model developed or adapted for medication management, included components of self-management and was published from January 2000 to January 2020. During the screening of titles and abstracts, 5668 articles were reviewed, 5242 were excluded and 426 were then assessed at the full-text level. Thirty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.Results: About half of the frameworks were newly developed (n=20), while the other half were adapted from, or applied, a previous model or framework (n=19). The majority of frameworks focused on medication adherence and most of the self-management domains were categorized as medical management, followed by emotional and role management.Conclusion: Medication self-management is a complex process and often impacts multiple areas of an individual's life. It is important for future frameworks to incorporate a comprehensive, holistic conceptualization of self-management that is inclusive of the three self-management domains – medical, emotional and role management.Keywords: medication therapy management, self-management, framework, model, review

Addisu Dabi Wake Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Addisu Dabi WakeNursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box: 193/04, Asella, EthiopiaTel +251 910 2867 66Email addansa12@gmail.comBackground: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, spreads globally, since its declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial preventive approach that can halt this pandemic. The present systematic review was aimed to assess the level of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by using various online databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, and Google for grey literature which were used to search the related articles up to the period of May 08, 2021.Results: The overall rate of participants' willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was ranged from 27.7% to 91.3%, which was from Congo and China, respectively. Factors such as age, educational status, gender, income, residency, occupation, marital status, race/ethnicity, perceived risk of COVID-19, trust in healthcare system, health insurance, norms, attitude towards vaccine, perceived benefit of vaccine, perceived vaccine barriers, self-efficacy, up-to-date on vaccinations, tested for COVID-19 in the past, perceived efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination, recommended for vaccination, political leaning, perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine, belief that vaccination makes them feel less worried about COVID-19, believing in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination, perceived potential vaccine harms, presence of chronic disease, confidence, COVID-19 vaccine safety concern, working in healthcare field, believing vaccines can stop the pandemic, fear about COVID-19, cues to action, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, complacency, and receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years were associated with the willingness of receive COVID-19 vaccine.Conclusion: There were insufficient levels of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine, and several factors were associated with it. Health education should be provided concerning this vaccine to improve the willingness of the community.Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine, willingness, acceptance, associated factors, demand

Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) believe that the government's stuttering in handling the COVID-19 pandemic trigger policy conflicts between government officials and at the society level. Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) view that strengthening leadership and coördination are important steps to prevent widespread policy conflicts. However, in using the PCF framework, Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) forgot to place the policy conflict on what level was the political system, policy subsystem or policy action? We use literature review to explore COVID-19 policy in Indonesia. We offer the ACF framework to look further with existing features and find that there are two core competing beliefs in the COVID-19 policy handling subsystem, namely the drive to safeguard the economy that the central government believes in and insistence on handling the outbreak seriously from a coalition of people, scientists and media. Cross-coalition policy learning did not take place, even though the COVID-19 Task Force had a role as a broker to bring together the core beliefs of each coalition. The government made adjustments to encourage policy changes that were consistent with its core beliefs, despite changes in public opinion and changes in members of the government coalition. Widaningrum dan Mas'udi (2020) meyakini bahwa kegagapan pemerintah dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 dapat menimbulkan konflik kebijakan di antara aparat pemerintahan dan pada level masyarakat. Widaningrum dan Mas'udi (2020) memandang bahwa penguatan kepemimpinan dan koordinasi menjadi langkah penting untuk mencegah terjadinya konflik kebijakan meluas. Namun dalam menggunakan kerangka kerja PCF, Widaningrum dan Mas'udi (2020) lupa mendudukan konflik kebijakan terjadi pada level yang mana apakah sistem politik, subsitem kebijakan atau tindakan kebijakan? Kami menggunakan studi literatur untuk lebih lanjut mendalami kebijakan penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia. Kami menawarkan kerangka kerja ACF untuk melihat lebih jauh dengan fitur-fitur yang ada dan menemukan bahwa pada dasarnya ada dua keyakinan inti yang saling bersaing dalam subsistem kebijakan penanganan Covid-19, yakni dorongan untuk menjaga perekonomian yang diyakini pemerintah pusat dan desakan menangani wabah secara serius dari koalisi masyarakat, ilmuwan dan media massa. Pembelajaran kebijakan lintas koalisi tidak terjadi, meskipun telah ada Gugus Tugas Covid-19 yang berperan sebagai broker untuk mempertemukan keyakinan inti tiap koalisi. Pemerintah melakukan penyesuaian untuk mendorong perubahan kebijakan yang sesuai dengan keyakinan intinya, meskipun terdapat perubahan opini publik dan perubahan anggota koalisi pemerintah.

ABSTRACTInnovation has advanced fast not only in the private sector, but also in the public sector. One of public sector innovations in the field of licensing services in DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is Building Licensing Innovation 3.0 carried out by the Investment Agency and One Stop Integrated Services - DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. The objective of the 3.0 innovation is to speed up the process of completing a building permit (IMB), from 42 working days to 2-3 hours. This study used qualitative research approach with a descriptive research design to provide a clearer and deeper picture of a symptom or phenomenon occured. The data were obtained using observation, interviews, and literature studies with reference to the concept of public service innovation by Windrum (2008). The results indicated that the innovation of building permit services 3.0 in DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is a series of other forms of public sector innovation, although according to the process it does not run simultaneously and the forms of these innovations influence other forms of public sector innovation. ABSTRAKInovasi telah berkembang begitu luas bukan hanya terjadi di sektor swasta, namun juga digunakan di sektor publik. Salah satu contoh inovasi sektor publik di bidang pelayanan perizinan di Pemerintah Provinsi (Provinsi) DKI Jakarta yakni Inovasi Perizinan Bangunan Gedung 3.0 yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu - Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan inovasi 3.0 tersebut untuk mempercepat proses penyelesaian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) yang selama ini dikeluhkan oleh masyarakat karena awalnya dalam menerbitkan IMB memerlukan waktu 42 hari kerja, namun saat ini hanya diperlukan waktu 2-3 jam saja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif untuk memberikan suatu gambaran yang lebih jelas dan mendalam mengenai suatu gejala atau fenomena yang terjadi. Sumber data penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yakni observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur dengan merujuk pada konsep inovasi pelayanan publik yang dikemukakan oleh (Windrum, 2008). Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa inovasi izin perizinan pelayanan gedung 3.0 di Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan sekumpulan rangkaian dari bentuk-bentuk inovasi sektor publik lainnya walaupun menurut prosesnya tidak berjalan secara simultan dan bentuk dari inovasi ini saling mempengaruhi bentuk inovasi sektor publik lainnya.

Once again, the EMU faces an economic crisis, this time caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. To avoid the mistakes of the insufficient response to the global financial crisis, it is vital that this time the focus will turn on achieving fast, sustainable recovery, instead of contractionary measures that would hinder recovery and long-term growth. This paper briefly presents the basic elements of the Post-Keynesian / Post-Kaleckian framework of analysis for the economic regimes. The concept of the wage-led and profit-led regimes is addressed, based on which it can be assessed what kind of policies are needed in an economy to promote sustainable, long-term growth. As the relevant literature finds that the Euro Area as a whole and most of the Eurozone members are wage-led, it is concluded that the EU needs to design and implement policies that will strengthen the labor share and address the long-standing problem of unemployment. Given the need to counter climate change, the proposed policies should be coordinated and used as tool to achieve the goals set by the European Green Deal. ; Once again, the EMU faces an economic crisis, this time caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. To avoid the mistakes of the insufficient response to the global financial crisis, it is vital that this time the focus will turn on achieving fast, sustainable recovery, instead of contractionary measures that would hinder recovery and long-term growth. This paper briefly presents the basic elements of the Post-Keynesian / Post-Kaleckian framework of analysis for the economic regimes. The concept of the wage-led and profit-led regimes is addressed, based on which it can be assessed what kind of policies are needed in an economy to promote sustainable, long-term growth. As the relevant literature finds that the Euro Area as a whole and most of the Eurozone members are wage-led, it is concluded that the EU needs to design and implement policies that will strengthen the labor share and address the long-standing problem of unemployment. Given the need to counter climate change, the proposed policies should be coordinated and used as tool to achieve the goals set by the European Green Deal.

Die Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Management von invasiven Staudenknötericharten (Fallopia). Der erste Abschnitt widmet sich einer umfassenden Literatur-, Daten- und Dokumentauswertung, die dadurch aufgebaute Wissensbasis beinhaltet Informationen zu Neophyten im Allgemeinen, deren Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Umwelt sowie die aktuell geltenden Rahmenbedingungen. Weiters widmet sich dieser Teil den charakteristischen Eigenschaften invasiver Fallopia-Arten, worin die Morphologie, die Biogeographie mit Habitatsansprüchen, die Wachstumseigenschaften und Entwicklungsprozesse bis hin zur Ausbreitungsgeschichte und aktuellen Verbreitung erläutert werden. Den Abschluss findet der erste Teil in Form von Ausarbeitungen zu global durchgeführten Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen und weiterführenden Managementmaßnahmen in Bezug auf Fallopia. Im zweiten Schritt wurden anhand der Erkenntnisse aus den Recherchen 24 leitfadengestützte Expert*inneninterviews mit 26 Gesprächspartner*innen durchgeführt. Die Tätigkeitsfelder der Befragten mit durchgängigem Bezug auf Österreich gliedern sich in Mitarbeiter*in Infrastrukturgesellschaft, Mitarbeiter*in Schutzgebiete bzw. Naturschutz, Mitarbeiter*in ausführender Landschaftsbaufirma, Behördenvertreter*in und Andere. Anschließend wurden die Interviews transkribiert und mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse sowie eines Stichwortregisters analysiert und ausgewertet. Die Auswertungen und Ergebnisse der Diplomarbeit zeigen, dass die Thematik rund um die Neophyten und im speziellen auf invasive Fallopia-Arten bezogen, in den letzten Jahren, aufgrund ihres vermehrten Auftretens und auftretenden Probleme, auf diversen Ebenen stark an Interesse gewonnen hat. Es wird versucht, mit internationalen Vorgaben und erprobten Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen, die eingewanderten invasiven Staudenknötericharten einzudämmen. Die immense Wuchskraft und das Ausbreitungsgeschick der Fallopia-Arten stellen die beteiligten Stakeholder bis heute vor teils ungelöste Probleme. ; The first segment of this thesis consists of an analysis of literature, documents and data, and general knowledge of invasive Fallopia species regarding their influence on the environment. The characteristics of invasive Fallopia species, such as morphology, biogeography, growth, development processes, historical and current distribution are described. The segment ends with a description of a depiction of control measures and management methods of Fallopia.In the second part of this thesis, expert interviews were carried out based on the acquired knowledge from the first segment. The interviewees have backgrounds in infrastructure, nature conservancy, landscaping, government agency and others. Afterwards the interviews were transcribed and analyzed and evaluated with the use of qualitative content analysis (QCA).This thesis shows that the topic of neophytes and invasive Fallopia species attracted more attention during the last few years, due to the plants increased occurrence and the resulting problems. International guidelines and valid methods for control measures of knotweed try to contain this neophyte. The Fallopia species immense capacities for regeneration and dispersal as well as inadequate control measures are a continuous problem for all involved stakeholders. ; vorgelegt von Irina Langegger, MSc., BSc. ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Diplomarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2021 3.052 ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch

On April 20 - 22, 2021, the XV International scientific and practical conference "Legal acts and legal contracts: problems of theory and practice" was held at the Russian State University of Justice, and the "Round Table" "Legal science as a socio-cultural institute: intensification of personnel, methodological and theoretical potential" was held within its framework.
Unfortunately, legal contracts and legal acts are very rarely analyzed in the specialized literature. At the conference, some controversial problems of comparative analysis of legal contracts and legal acts were voiced.
The development and formation of legal norms in Russian legislation is closely related to the activities of judicial bodies. The participants of the event touched upon such issues as legal methods for improving the efficiency of judicial activity, etc.
Within the framework of the scientific "Round Table", it was noted that the problems of the methodology of scientific research in the field of legal sciences are traditionally among the little-studied, but very relevant problems of jurisprudence. In order to determine the main and effective problems of the methodology of legal science, it is advisable to organize a permanent seminar on topical problems of the methodology of legal research with the participation of leading methodologists of legal science on the basis of a leading law university of the country using modern Internet technologies.
The opinion was expressed that an effective means of intensifying legal science can be the rejection from the positivist doctrine of law that prevails in modern educational and scientific legal literature.
Attention is also drawn to the fact that the problem of training scientific and pedagogical personnel is becoming particularly relevant. Only a highly professional, creative team of Russian lawyers is able to eliminate the distortions and imperfections of modern Russian legal science. The "Round Table" also considered the problems of the unity of legal science; the factors that hinder the development of the course "history and methodology of legal science" by undergraduates, and ways to overcome them; the methodology of the study of legal regulation in modern legal science; the use of a sociological approach to law in legal science and other issues.

In late December 2019, a series of acute atypical respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan, China, which rapidly spread to other areas worldwide. It was soon discovered that a novel coronavirus was responsible, named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's health is unprecedented in recent years and the impact on a social level even more so. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most large-scale pandemic on earth this century, and the impact in all life sectors is devasting and directly affected human activity in the first wave. The impact on the economy, social care systems, and human relationships is causing an unprecedented global crisis. SARS-CoV-2 has a strong direct acute impact on population health, not only at the physiological level but also at the psychological level for those who suffer it, those close to them, and the general population, who suffer from the social consequences of the pandemic. In this line, the economic recession increased, even more, the social imbalance and inequity, hitting the most vulnerable families, and creating a difficult context for public institutions to address. We are facing one of the greatest challenges of social intervention, which requires fast, effective, and well-coordinated responses from public institutions, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations to serve an increasingly hopeless population with increasingly urgent needs. Long-term legislation is necessary to reduce the vulnerability of the less fortunate, as well as to analyze the societal response to improve the social organization management of available resources. Therefore, in this scoping review, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature. The aim was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health, where the possible interventions at the health level are discussed, the impact in economic and social areas, and the government and health systems interventions in the pandemic, and finally, possible economic models for the recovery of the crisis are proposed.

Published in "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Location Based Services (LBS 2021)", edited by Anahid Basiri, Georg Gartner and Haosheng Huang, LBS 2021, 24-25 November 2021, Glasgow, UK/online. ; Surveys have been one of the traditional tools to collect public opinions. However, social media are an important alternative to surveys, being a source of information easily available, in high volume and at low cost. There is plenty of literature dealing with the study of different social, political or environmental topics through social media such as Twitter. Climate change is one of these topics and has major relevance in our current society. In addition, politics is a common element of analysis in the platform. Nevertheless, there is not enough insight about the overall quantitative relevance of climate change compared with other topics such as politicians. Moreover, some of the literature focus specifically on geolocated tweets, which are a small fraction of the total posts generated. This work in progress deals with the identification and semantic analysis of geolocated posts in social media. We analyse and compare the presence of climate change with populist politicians in the platform. These political figures often have a controversial stance on climate change while enacting policies affecting millions of citizens. We aim to study how suitable is the platform for spatiotemporal analysis of public opinion on climate change, and how relevant is the topic on it compared to the presence of some populists. We also aim to provide guidance for further research based on geolocated tweets by estimating how much geolocated data is produced by which countries. More than 170 M geolocated tweets were extracted and analysed. Those tweets containing terms related to climate change in the official languages of the 14 most popular countries in the dataset, as well as the names of several politicians were filtered. Then, an analysis was performed to characterise the spatial and temporal global distribution of these posts during most of the past decade. This was compared with the dates of major events related with climate change and politics. Additionally, sentiment analysis was used to characterise the polarity of the posts. This paper presents an estimation of the relative presence of climate change in Twitter based on probably one of the largest geolocated tweets datasets existing. ; 155 ; 163 ; 9

ABSTRACTThe era of disruption that occurred globally had affected all human life in various fields, both in the economic, social, cultural, political, educational and other fields. Disruption had a positive impact, but it would also have a negative impact if it was not treated wisely. Geostrategy could be used as an effort to maintained ideological resilience, which was one of the basic things needed in realizing national resilience.The research method used in this article was normative research; the research stage, literature study; and deductive analysis, the type of research approach used was the conceptual approach and the statutory approach. This study discussed Pancasila as the source of all sources of law as well as the ideology of Indonesia's geostrategic resilience in the face of an era of global disruption. The author also used the literature methodIn this era of global disruption, Pancasila as the basis of the state and the nation's outlook on life played an important role in being able to filtered new values, by applying Pancasila values in all aspects of national life so as to maintained national resilience while still paying attention to the existence of Indonesian geostrategy which had Pancasila as an ideology of geostrategic resilience which was a reflection of the existing values and lives of the precepts contained in it.ABSTRAKDistrupsi industri 4.0 telah mempengaruhi seluruh kehidupan manusia di berbagai bidang, baik di bidang ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik, pendidikan, dan bidang lainnya. Memberikan dampak positif dan negatif jika tidak disikapi dengan bijak. Geostrategi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai upaya menjaga ketahanan ideologi yang merupakan salah satu hal dasar yang diperlukan dalam mewujudkan ketahanan nasional.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian normatif; tahap penelitian, studi kepustakaan; dan analisis deduktif, jenis pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum yang juga sebagai ideologi ketahanan geostrategi Indonesia dalam menghadapi era global. Peneliti juga menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research).Dalam distrupsi industri 4.0, Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan pandangan hidup bangsa memegang peranan penting untuk dapat menjadi filter nilai-nilai baru, dengan menerapkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam segala aspek kehidupan nasionalnya diharapkan mampu mempertahankan ketahanan nasional dengan tetap memperhatikan eksistensi geostrategi Indonesia.

In late December 2019, a series of acute atypical respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan, China, which rapidly spread to other areas worldwide. It was soon discovered that a novel coronavirus was responsible, named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's health is unprecedented in recent years and the impact on a social level even more so. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most large-scale pandemic on earth this century, and the impact in all life sectors is devasting and directly affected human activity in the first wave. The impact on the economy, social care systems, and human relationships is causing an unprecedented global crisis. SARS-CoV-2 has a strong direct acute impact on population health, not only at the physiological level but also at the psychological level for those who suffer it, those close to them, and the general population, who suffer from the social consequences of the pandemic. In this line, the economic recession increased, even more, the social imbalance and inequity, hitting the most vulnerable families, and creating a difficult context for public institutions to address. We are facing one of the greatest challenges of social intervention, which requires fast, effective, and well-coordinated responses from public institutions, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations to serve an increasingly hopeless population with increasingly urgent needs. Long-term legislation is necessary to reduce the vulnerability of the less fortunate, as well as to analyze the societal response to improve the social organization management of available resources. Therefore, in this scoping review, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature. The aim was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health, where the possible interventions at the health level are discussed, the impact in economic and social areas, and the government and health systems interventions in the pandemic, and finally, possible economic models for the recovery of the crisis are proposed.

International organizations, governments, researchers, and activists have proposed the need for deeper integration of sustainability considerations in national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs). Yet, as recent scholarship advances the conversation, questions remain around how to effectively frame and address the interconnectedness of multiple sustainability domains. Little systematic analysis has evaluated how current FBDGs have integrated complex messages about socially, environmentally, and economically sustainable consumption practices with nutrition and health messages. This study had two nested objectives: (i) to examine the validity of an existing sustainable diets framework by assessing how sustainability concepts have been framed and included in national FBDGs available from 2011 to 2019 and (ii) to describe a novel analysis approach that augments an existing framework which integrates sustainability domains and can be adapted for use by future FBDGs. A qualitative content analysis was used to examine sustainability concepts found in 12 FBDGs and supporting documents available in English that were developed for use in 16 countries across Europe, North and South America, and Asia as of 2019-from a global review of those published prior to 2016 and gray literature review of publications between 2016 and 2019. Health domains were the primary frame found across the FBDGs examined, but documents also commonly incorporated agricultural, sociocultural, and economic sustainability principles. Analyzed documents were used to adapt an existing policy analysis framework into a "Sustainability in FBDGs Framework." This proposed framework contributes a novel analysis approach and has five core domains that are interconnected: health and nutrition, food security and agriculture, markets and value chains, sociocultural and political, and environment and ecosystems. This study adds to the growing body of literature related to sustainable food systems and dietary guidelines by presenting how sustainability framing in FBDGs can be used to further develop a comprehensive framework for integrating sustainability domains. While this project helps to validate previous work, further analyses of FBDGs which have emerged since this study and those not available in English are needed to improve the guidance approach described here and for assessing the incorporation of sustainability domains in future FBDGs. This work is useful in informing processes for policy developers to integrate sustainability considerations into their national FBDGs. ; Peer reviewed

Many rural municipalities are facing challenges in service delivery, and the Greater Taung Local Municipality(GTLM) is no exception. The performance management system plays a pivotal role in the improvement of service delivery and for this to be realised, there are elements that contribute negatively to the system which are a threat and if not managed properly, the aims and objectives of the development would not be possible. The main challenges in the way of implementation of a performance management system, according to the findings, are that the service delivery department of the municipality does not fully comply with the system, non-implementation of the system and/or inadequate skills and knowledge of employees. The aim of the study is to evaluate the utilisation of performance management in the provision of effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. The literature review of performance management has guided the researcher and enables her understanding of performance management system implementation. The main objectives of the research study are therefore to:  To determine the purpose of performance management;  To determine ways in which performance management improve an employees' skills and performance;  To assess the application of performance management policy at the Greater Taung Local Municipality; and  To determine how performance management by the Greater Taung Local Municipality assists in service delivery. A qualitative research method was used to collect data in a form of questionnaires and a literature review, which includes e.g. legislation, policies, journals, books, newspaper articles etc. This method guided the researcher to control the data received by communicating the meaning of what had been learnt during the process of data analysis. The main recommendations of this research study are that more needs to be done in defining the performance management system to employees so that there can be a proper understanding and that a senior official's perception of the system needs to change. Training would provide the necessary skills for employees to carry out their tasks, thereby meeting the developmental goals of the municipality. In conclusion, the implementation of the research recommendations in this study would improve the utilisation of performance management system and provide effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. ; Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021

This research aims to analyze, from beginning to end, the process of interorganizational coopetition, seeking to understand the temporal patterns of coopetitive relationships by exploring their antecedents, processes and results, which in this research are understood as: the moment before interorganizational coopetition (pre-coopetition), the moment when interorganizational coopetition is in progress (coopetition) and the moment after the end of the coopetitive relationship between competitors (post coopetition). For this, a case study was developed, using a qualitative approach. The case was defined from the identification of competitive and cooperative elements in the relationship between two Brazilian non-profit organizations, one of which is governmental and the other sectoral. Data were collected from January 2018 to February 2020 and analyzed through narrative analysis and pattern matching, using the MAXQDA 2020 software. The study from the beginning to the end of the coopetitive relationship allowed to contribute to the literature, identify different elements of cooperation and competition in the moment before and after the coopetitive relationship. Unlike the pre-coopetitive moment, which presented some elements of cooperation, in the post-coopetition moment a strategy of pure competition between organizations was identified. ; This research aims to analyze, from beginning to end, the process of interorganizational coopetition, seeking to understand the temporal patterns of coopetitive relationships by exploring their antecedents, processes and results, which in this research are understood as: the moment before interorganizational coopetition (pre-coopetition), the moment when interorganizational coopetition is in progress (coopetition) and the moment after the end of the coopetitive relationship between competitors (post coopetition). For this, a case study was developed, using a qualitative approach. The case was defined from the identification of competitive and cooperative elements in the relationship between two Brazilian non-profit organizations, one of which is governmental and the other sectoral. Data were collected from January 2018 to February 2020 and analyzed through narrative analysis and pattern matching, using the MAXQDA 2020 software. The study from the beginning to the end of the coopetitive relationship allowed to contribute to the literature, identify different elements of cooperation and competition in the moment before and after the coopetitive relationship. Unlike the pre-coopetitive moment, which presented some elements of cooperation, in the post-coopetition moment a strategy of pure competition between organizations was identified.