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Images of flappers, garçonnes, Modern Girls, neue Frauen, and trampky—all embodiments of the dashing New Woman—symbolized an expanded public role for women from the suffragist era through the dawn of 1960s feminism. Chronicling nearly a century of global challenges to gender norms, The New Woman International: Representations in Photography and Film from the 1870s through the 1960s is the first book to examine modern femininity's ongoing relationship with the nineteenth and twentieth centuries' most influential new media: photography and film. This volume examines the ways in which novel ideas about women's roles in society and politics were disseminated through these technological media, and it probes the significance of radical changes in female fashion, appearance, and sexual identity. Additionally, these original essays explore the manner in which New Women artists used photography and film to respond creatively to gendered stereotypes and to reconceive of ways of being a woman in a rapidly modernizing world. The New Woman International brings together different generations of scholars and curators who are experts in gender, photography, literature, mass media, and film to analyze the New Woman from her inception in the later nineteenth century through her full development in the interwar period, and the expansion of her forms in subsequent decades. Arranged both chronologically and thematically, these essays show how controversial female ideals figured in discourses including those on gender norms, race, technology, sexuality, female agency, science, media representation, modernism, commercial culture, internationalism, colonialism, and transnational modernity. In exploring these topics through images that range from montages to newspapers' halftone prints to film stills, this book investigates the terms of gendered representation as a process in which women were as much agents as allegories. Inaugurating a new chapter in the scholarship of representation and New Womanhood and spanning North America, Western and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the colonial contexts of Africa and the Pacific, this volume reveals the ways in which a feminine ideal circled the globe to be translated into numerous visual languages. With a foreword from the eminent feminist art historian Linda Nochlin, this collection includes contributions by Jan Bardsley, Matthew Biro, Gianna Carotenuto, Melody Davis, Kristine Harris, Karla Huebner, Kristen Lubben, Maria Makela, Elizabeth Otto, Martha H. Patterson, Vanessa Rocco, Clare I. Rogan, Despina Stratigakos, Brett M. Van Hoesen, Kathleen M. Vernon, and Lisa Jaye Young.

Abstract
I argue that good communication is vital to philosophy's project of understanding truth. I consider what good communication would involve, especially with regards to the needs of a popular philosophy magazine such as Philosophy Now. What makes a good or bad article? And how can one edit oneself for clarity? Finally I consider the difference the internet makes. and some of its implications for future philosophers.

В статье проводится исследование ряда актуальных проблем культуры профессионального общения офицеров. Специфика общения в воинском коллективе должна способствовать выработке наиболее эффективных путей и методов управления и организации службы.The article studies a number of urgent problems of culture in professional communication between officers. The specificity of communication in military collective has to promote development of the most effective ways and methods of management and the service organization.

Рассматривается политическая коммуникация с различных точек зрения. Говорится о средствах данного явления и о том, что политическая коммуникация имеет непосредственную связь с речевыми явлениями, которые изучаются в политической и когнитивной лингвистике ; The article is devoted to political communication from different points of view. The means of this phenomenon and political communication which have direct tie with vocal phenomenon, studied in political and cognitive linguistic are revealed

Abstract
This Relektüre revisits Cornelia Vismann's book Files: Law and Media Technology almost 20 years after its initial publication. Situating the book in the media historical and intellectual constellations in which it originally appeared, this article provides an overview of Vismann's approach to legal and administrative history and sheds light on the book's reception.

Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert den theoretischen Hintergrund, das Untersuchungsdesign und die zentralen Fragestellungen des Projekts "Stimme der Medien im politischen Prozeß: Themen und Meinungen in Pressekommentaren". Ziel des Projekts ist es, anhand einer Inhaltsanalyse von Kommentaren überregionaler Tageszeitungen den eigenständigen Beitrag von Medien zum politischen Diskurs zwischen 1993 und 1998 zu erfassen. Das Projekt geht zum einen der Frage nach, welche politischen Themen die Medien in ihren Kommentaren aufnehmen, in welcher Weise sie diese definieren und interpretieren und dabei bestimmte Akteure und Akteursbeziehungen ansprechen und bewerten. Es untersucht zum anderen, unter welchen Bedingungen die auf diese Weise erfolgenden Relevanzzuweisungen und Problemdeutungen im politischen System Resonanz finden. Die Annahme ist, daß die Wahrscheinlichkeit der politischen Resonanzerzeugung mit dem Ausmaß der in Kommentarvergleichen meßbaren thematischen Fokussierungen, Meinungskonsonanzen und Persistenzen im Mediensystem steigt. Ein Vergleich von Kommentaragenda und politischer Agenda - wie sie in Parteiprogrammen, Regierungserklärungen, Anfragen und aktuellen Stunden im Bundestag zum Ausdruck kommt - soll Aufschluß über wechselseitige Einflüsse zwischen Medien und Politik geben. ; This paper outlines the theoretical background, design and research questions of the project "The Media´s Voice in the Political Process: Issues and Opinions in Press Editorials". A content analysis of the editorials in national newspapers between 1993 and 1998 will put us in the position to assess the autonomous contribution of the media to the political discourse. On the one hand, the project investigates which political issues the media address in their editorials, how they define and interpret them, which political actors and constellations of actors they refer to and how they evaluate these. On the other hand, we ask under which circumstances the media´s relevance assignments and problem definitions find resonance in the political system. We assume that high levels of issue focusing, opinion consonance and persistence in the media system increase the probability of political resonance. A comparison between the editorial agenda and the political agenda- as indicated by party manifestos, government briefings and interpellations in parliament - will contribute to the explanation of the reciprocal effects between media and politics.

This study aims to describe the problems faced by the party who feels aggrieved or impaired by his personal rights due to media coverage. The dilemma arises because based on the legal system of the press, the media are given protection from lawsuits. This is to guarantee the position of freedom of the press in a democratic system. However, the impact that has been caused due to defamation cannot be resolved simply by using the right of reply. This study aims to explore how legal mechanisms provide justice for victims due to media behavior in line with the principle of press freedom in Indonesia. The results show that the Indonesian Press Law does not have a clear system of legal liability. The rule of conduct in the Press Law is absolutely not regulated. Thus, the right of reply that is contained in the media consciousness or "order" of the Press Council is not a binding and final decision because the Press Council's body only gives an opinion. Violation of the ethics of the press should not only have a moral sanction but also a legal sanction with all its consequences.

This article presents a highly distilled account of the formative experiences and political rise of Barack Obama. It draws on the sources that were available at the time of his inauguration. The article concludes by examining Obama's leadership qualities in the realms of public communication, organizational capacity, political skill, policy vision, cognitive style, and emotional intelligence. The article went into production one month after Obama entered the White House. Adapted from the source document.

Media depictions of Arabs and Muslims continue to be framed by images of camels, belly dancers, and dagger-wearing terrorists. But do only Hollywood movies and TV news have the power to frame public discourse? This interdisciplinary study transfers media framing theory to literary studies to show how life writing (re-)frames Orientalist stereotypes. The innovative analysis of the post-9/11 autobiographies 'West of Kabul, East of New York', 'Letters from Cairo', and 'Howling in Mesopotamia' makes a powerful claim to approach literature based on a theory of production and reception, thus enhancing the multi-disciplinary potential of framing theory.

This article novel research on disinformation conducted by the Central European Digital Media Observatory. We have identified Russian disinformation strategies related to the war in Ukraine and established the extent of their penetration in Central European countries. This international comparison shows that thecountries in question are susceptible to Russia-related disinformation efforts to a highly varying degree. Poland is largely immune to narratives about the Ukraine war and the Ukrainian state imposed by official and unofficial actors connected to the Russian authorities and their supporters. On the other hand, Slovak society is relatively receptive to such sentiments, while Czechs are somewhere between these poles. The use of social media as a source of news contributes to disinformation, but the effect is weak. In all three societies there is a strong, significant influence of individuals' degree of education and material situation. Respondents with post-secondary education and those who consider themselves well off are less vulnerable to disinformation, regardless of their media consumption.

After the election, the mayor and vice mayor of Bandar Lampung should prepare strategic policies through medium-term development plan based on the political promises during the campaign period. This article discussed the issue on how the implementation of political promises of the mayor of Bandar Lampung. This research is a kind of media research, which is composed of the political promises recorded in the mass media. The analysis used in this research was a descriptive method and content analysis. The results showed that the political promises of Herman HN were generally carried out in accordance with his commitments. Although, there are were still many shortcomings, such as inaction and uneven development in Bandar Lampung city due to budget constraints and lack of coordination within the government itself as well as with representatives in Parliament. However, the people of Bandar Lampung are generally believed that their political promises are debt, which should be implemented during the period of his reign. Promises will be demanded by the people and all of which were recorded in the print media, in the Lampung Post, Tribune Lampung, and Radar Lampung. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n4s1p83

Last year's election night blunders by the networks highlight the extent to which the news media—and particularly television—have become major actors in presidential elections. This article employs a content analysis to examine how thorough, balanced, and substantive network news was in Campaign 2000 as compared with 1996, 1992, and 1988. Although the principal focus is on the broadcast networks, data on other news genres, as well as candidate discourse, are brought to bear on the research questions. The study finds little or no improvement in election coverage over time despite numerous reform efforts from inside and outside the newsroom. The amount of coverage has declined, along with the airtime available to candidates. Attention to the horse race increased sharply in 2000, but issue coverage did not. The tone of coverage has remained consistently negative, but Democrats sometimes fared better than Republicans. Media discourse was also less substantive and more negative than candidate discourse, and voters continued to give the media low marks for their performance. These findings call into question the effectiveness of recent efforts to make election news more useful to voters.

The mediatization of politics is generally explained in relation to the legitimacy requirements of the modern state and as such, it is typically confined to the national media sphere. Can we speak in any meaningful way of mediatization beyond the national? The European Union (EU), which operates under increasing legitimacy constraints and is exposed to the salience of media debates that contest its public legitimacy, is a case in point. Is the EU becoming mediatized? And what are the effects of EU mediatization? Under what conditions can the mass media become a facilitator of European integration? The issue at stake is whether the media (new and old) can have an integration function beyond the national and facilitate the building of democratic legitimacy of the European Union. We propose that the concept of mediatization offers the theoretical and analytical tools necessary to understand precisely how the interaction between the EU polity and the media unfolds and how it impacts on the process of the EU's public legitimation. First we deliver a general account of mediatization, highlighting its core definers and main points of critique that the concept has attracted. We then show how mediatization is relevant to the EU pol­ity and propose an analytical model that can capture this process empirically