The revised and updated Introduction to this classic text situates the UN in substantially changing world politics, including: the election of the ninth Secretary-General, António Guterres; the burgeoning of "new nationalisms" worldwide, including most importantly in the Trump administration's Washington, DC, and Brexit; the continuing proliferation of such non-state actors as ISIS and those in the "third UN," including developmental and humanitarian NGOs.
This updated and revised second edition examines the conceptualisation and evolution of peace in International Relations (IR) theory. The book examines the concept of peace and its usage in the main theoretical debates in IR, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, critical theory, and post-structuralism, as well as in the more direct debates on peace and conflict studies. It explores themes relating to culture, development, agency, and structure, not just in terms of representations of IR, and of peace, but in terms of the discipline of IR itself. The work also specifically explores the recent mantras associated with liberal and neoliberal versions of peace, which appear to have become foundational for much of the mainstream literature and for doctrines for peace and development in the policy world. Analysing war has often led to the dominance – and mitigation – of violence as a basic assumption in, and response to, the problems of IR. This study aims to redress this negative balance by arguing that the discipline offers a rich basis for the study of peace, which has advanced significantly over the last century or so. It also proposes innovative theoretical dimensions of the study of peace, with new chapters discussing post-colonial and digital developments.
Hostile relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia are a major contributing factor to political instability in the Middle East. This book argues that rapprochement between Tehran and Riyadh is possible and delves into the complexities of managing their long-standing conflict. By interviewing scholars and former policy makers from the Gulf region and abroad, the author draws out the core themes, strategies, and dynamics of the conflict since the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 to form a basis of an agenda for achieving peace. The result is a fresh perspective on a dangerous and unpredictable rift that affects not only its primary parties – Iran and Saudi Arabia – but also the geopolitics, economic stability and civil wars of the wider Middle Eastern region.
This book examines the importance of "military ethics" in the formulation and conduct of contemporary military strategy. Clausewitz's original analysis of war relegated ethics to the side-lines in favor of political realism, interpreting the proper use of military power solely to further the political goals of the state, whatever those may be. This book demonstrates how such single-minded focus no longer suffices to secure the interest of states, for whom the nature of warfare has evolved to favor strategies that hold combatants themselves to the highest moral and professional standards in their conduct of hostilities. Waging war has thus been transformed in a manner that moves beyond Clausewitz's original conception, rendering political success wholly dependent upon the cultivation and exercise of discerning moral judgment by strategists and combatants in the field. This book utilizes a number of perspectives and case studies to demonstrate how ethics now plays a central role in strategy in modern armed conflict.
The authors of this edited volume present a case for why locally led peacebuilding matters and how it can have measurable and meaningful impact, even beyond preventing political violence. This book contributes a set of local voices to a global problem – how to prevent armed conflict and lead to lasting peace. The authors argue that locally led peacebuilding by community based organizations (both formal and informal) plays a crucial role in preventing violence and cultivating peace, one that is complementary to peacebuilding work done by local, state, and national governments within countries and between nation-states. Through the case studies presented, Locally Led Peacebuilding presents evidence for how and why locally led peacebuilding can prevent violence, and invites practitioners and scholars to critically examine the implications of locally led initiatives. From these examples, we all have an opportunity to learn about creating, implementing, researching, and funding locally led peacebuilding.
Klappentext: Esta obra colectiva da cuenta de las principales violencias que se resisten a desaparecer, pese a la tentativa de la paz de La Habana. A lo largo de los capítulos, se indaga con profundidad sobre varios de los interrogantes más perturbadores que, hoy por hoy, rondan la conciencia pública del país: ¿Por qué no podemos construir la paz? ¿De qué está nutrido el conflicto violento colombiano que vuelve y se recicla, no importa las iniciativas de paz que se le interpongan en el camino? En estas páginas se cruzan una serie de nudos comunes: el homicidio y la violencia; las economías ilícitas y el control territorial; y los nuevos actores armados, políticos o criminales.
This Element seeks to make sense of Southeast Asia's numerous armed conflicts. It makes four contributions. First, this study provides a typology, distinguishing between revolutionary, secessionist, and communal conflicts. The first two are types of insurgencies, while the latter are ethnic conflicts. Second, this study emphasizes the importance of ethnicity in shaping conflict dynamics. This is true even for revolutionary conflicts, which at first glance may appear unrelated to ethnicity. A third contribution relates to broad conflict trends. Revolutionary and secessionist conflicts feature broad historical arcs, with clear peaks and declines, while communal conflicts occur more sporadically. The fourth contribution ties these points together by focusing on conflict management. Just as ethnicity shapes conflicts, ethnic leaders and traditions can also promote peace. Cultural mechanisms are especially important for managing communal conflicts, the lone type not declining in Southeast Asia.
1. Introduction -- 2. Resilience in the European Union External Action -- 3. Projecting Stability to the South: NATO's 'New' Mission? -- 4. The EU, Resilience and the Southern Neighbourhood after the Arab Uprisings -- 5. EU Counter-Terrorism Cooperation with the Middle East and North Africa -- 6. Sanctions as a Regional Security Instrument: EU restrictive measures examined -- 7. European Energy Security and the Resilience of Southern Mediterranean Countries -- 8. Libya: From Regime Change to State Building -- 9. Resilience to what? EU capacity-building missions in the Sahel -- 10. Resilience as a tool for conflict resolution? The UN in the Sahel region -- 11. Resilience in the Eye of the Storm: Capacity-Building in Lebanon -- 12. The Horn of Africa: NATO and the EU as partners against piracy -- 13. Paths to resilience: examining EU and NATO responses to the Tunisian and Egyptian political transitions -- 14. Civil-Military Cooperation in the Mediterranean Sea: Lessons not Learnt -- 15. Conclusions
Introduction -- Traditional paradigms on the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflict -- Potential paradigms: cultural cleansing, the responsibility to protect doctrine and cultural genocide -- The securitisation of cultural heritage -- Conclusion
