Suchergebnisse

The inconsistent direction between environmental regulation and technological progress is receiving increasing attention, but scholars have neglected the relationship between the two in the open economy. Against this background and based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2015, we examined the effect of environmental regulation on the international research and development (R& ; D) spillover effect and its regional differences in three economic regions: The Bohai Rim, Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and Pan-Pearl River Delta economic regions. The results show that (1) at China&rsquo ; s macro level, and at that of the three economic regions, the level of environmental regulation and international R& ; D spillover from import trade or foreign direct investment channels show an inverted N relationship ; that is, in all provinces the weak environmental regulation initially inhibited the international technology spillover. However, as the intensity of environmental regulation increased, the level of international R& ; D spillovers continually rose, but overly harsh environmental regulation was not conducive to the overflow of international technology ; (2) the adoption of different environmental regulations will affect the international R& ; D spillover effect and the inverted N relationship of environmental regulation, thus changing the inflection point of environmental regulation ; and (3) currently, the level of environmental regulation is relatively low, as most provinces have not yet broken through the first turning point of the inverted N, and only a few provinces are within the rising stage of the inverted N curve. This paper provides corresponding policy suggestions according to the above conclusions.

In the late 20th century, international trade was projected as a tool for development with regard to global, social and political formations. Traditional political economic models claimed wealth generation through ostensibly maximising 'comparative advantages'. The free market economy model claims that the whole society will receive material welfare from such international trade, as benefits of economic growth 'trickle down' either directly through increased income or indirectly as the increased government revenues are spent on infrastructural development, health, education, etc. Convinced by this theoretical claim, India gradually changed its stance from opponent to proponent of international trade in services during the WTO Uruguay round negotiations. Accordingly, the Indian government's policy shifted towards capitalising India's 'comparative advantage' in medical tourism, while contending that foreign exchange and revenue earned can be used to subsidise the treatment of poor patients. Thus, promotion of trade liberalisation in hospital services has been viewed as a tool to fulfil the mandate of social justice and promote health equity. However, the present paper argues that, instead, the health inequities have only grown throughout the period of neo-liberal globalisation, while there is no empirical evidence to prove the 'trickling down' of any material benefit to the poor resulting from opening up the healthcare sector to privatisation and internationalisation. Moreover, while the Indian health policy shift facilitated the burgeoning of a highly variable private sector, the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework and a just grievance redressal system has resulted in dubious quality and unethical practices in healthcare service provision in both the public and private sectors and inflation in healthcare costs. The paper will conclude reiterating the importance of healthcare as intrinsic to 'health capabilities' imperative for enjoying a meaningful life.

The purpose of this research paper is to study the international administration in the process of the state-building in Kosovo. The paper will analyze the establishing, running and terminating the international administration in Kosovo. International administration has direct impact on state-building process. International governance in Kosovo is separated in two stages – before and after declaration of independence. This research paper will try to explain the relationship between international administration and local institutions in the process of state-building – the case of Kosovo. Two methods are used in this paper for data collection. First, process tracing theory method. Second, data collection method, through structured questionnaire with respondents from different fields. Conclusion of the paper is that, Kosovo case has shown that the success or failure of an international administration mission depends on the clarity of the establishment, development and its conclusion. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p409

The purpose of this case study is to figure out the reliance on the four major news agencies (AP, UPI, Reuters, and AFP) for international news reports in Taiwan, and CNA's, Taiwan's only regional news agency, role in supplying international news stories. Taiwan's three large circulation, general purpose newspapers -- United Daily News, China Times, and Central Daily News were selected and analyzed. The study is based primarily on a content analysis of these three Chinese-language newspapers in terms of their coverage of international happenings and their news coverage. The findings indicate that the control of international information by the four major news agencies is evident. And CNA does not play a large role in supplying international news. These results are corroborated by the opinions from the six international news editors and directors of international news translators. The suggestion was made by the author that the CNA could become an objective, perhaps even a strong regional news agency, combined if government support was reduced and if the agency its resources with those of the three major newspapers in Taiwan.

First published in 2005.

This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that after a steady recovery during 2010–12 from the deep 2009 recession, Armenia's growth softened in 2013 and has remained subdued in 2014. The softening of economic activity has been broad based, as growth of exports and remittances slowed, and government spending was lower than budgeted. Construction, which had declined since the 2009 crisis, was relatively flat. Growth is projected at 2.6 percent in 2014 and is expected to increase only gradually in 2015 and over the medium term in light of expectations of slow growth in key trading partners. The authorities' policies remain geared toward maintaining macroeconomic stability and fostering sustainable and inclusive growth