Suchergebnisse

This research focused on how on the year of 2030 Indonesia will gain better governance in order to countermeasures terrorist threats, fairer human rights in terms of privacy and security in information and technology, also stronger Indonesia's national cyber security. Cases are taken firstly from nowadays Indonesia social conflict which started from the internet as society's first source of information regardless the validity of information and secondly from Indonesia's foreign policies towards private technology deals. By using the concept of cyber power and national security as paradigm, this research described how Indonesia going securely, equally, rapidly forward in line with globalization opportunities and technology dependencies. While minimizing invalid and provocative information as terrorist threat to Indonesia's sovereignty and integrity by improving the security of intellectual and on-field assets by integrating academia, military aspects and people's contribution to accelerate Indonesia's national potential in cyber security.

Even though there is high need of the excise revenue from a cigarette, but the government of Indonesia needs to take into account the long run effect of cigarette to the people. There are poverty, health and education issues relating to the cigarette consumption. Therefore, the government intervention can help people to curb the cigarette consumption. This study attempts to find the impact of the government policy through the excise tariff policy, and the rationality of the smoker to the cigarette consumption in Indonesia. This study recommends the government intervention in order to control the cigarette consumptions in Indonesia by pushing the cigarette price and making cigarette less affordable for less rationale smoker (the young and poor people). Secondly, the government can take an action in delimiting the access of cigarette advertising and educate people about the danger of cigarette to the people.

Uni Eropa mengeluarkan suatu regulasi terkait Eco Labelling terhadap semua barang dan jasa yang ada di pasar Uni Eropa, tidak terkecuali produk kayu. Regulasi tersebut diberlakukan terhadap produk kayu di negara-negara Uni Eropa maupun produk kayu yang di impor oleh negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa. Sistem Eco Label pertama kali diperkenalkan di Uni Eropa melalui Council Regulation (EEC) No. 880 Tahun 1992. Regulasi ini mengatur mengenai pemberian Eco Label terhadap berbagai produk, termasuk produk kayu. Dengan adanya regulasi tersebut, mau tidak mau membuat negara yang mengekspor produknya ke Uni Eropa harus memperhatikan ketentuan tersebut, tidak terkecuali dengan Indonesia. Banyak produsen Indonesia yang mengekspor produk kayu ke negara-negara Uni Eropa. Sehingga pada saat itu sangat dibutuhkan sekali pengaturan mengenai Eco Label di Indonesia. Selain itu, yang terpenting adalah dibutuhkannya lembaga yang mengeluarkan sertifikat Eco Label agar produk kayu asal Indonesia dapat menembus pasar Uni Eropa. Hal ini disebabkan banyaknya produsen Indonesia yang mengekspor produk kayu di negara-negara Uni Eropa. Kebutuhan Indonesia akan aturan dan lembaga yang terkait dengan Eco Label dikarenakan adanya globalisasi dalam perdagangan internasional. Pada akhirnya disadari atau tidak, dengan adanya globalisasi, suatu aturan hukum di satu negara akan mempengaruhi aturan hukum di negara lain.The European Union issued an Eco Labelling regulations related to all the goods and services in the EU market, including timber products. The regulation is applicable to timber products in state member of the European Union and timber product which are imported by state member of the European Union. Eco Label system was first introduced in the EU by Council Regulation (EEC) No. 880 of 1992. The regulation set regarding Eco Label Award to a variety of products, including timber products. With the existence of these regulations, inevitably make states who export their products to the EU must pay attention to these provisions, including with Indonesia. Many Indonesian producers that export timber products to the state member of EU. So it is needed setting regulation about Eco Label in Indonesia. In addition, it is requirement to establish the institution that issued the Eco Label certificate so that Indonesian timber products can get into the EU market. This is due to the many Indonesian producers were exporting timber products in state member of the European Union. Indonesia's requirement for regulations and institutions associated with Eco Label are caused by the globalization of international trade. In the end we realize it or not, with the globalization, a rule of law in one country will affect the rule of law in another country.

Forests play a major role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation, but few policies, if any, integrate these two aspects. Using Indonesia and Vietnam as case studies, we identify challenges at the national level but opportunities at the local level. Although both countries demonstrate political commitment to integrating adaptation and mitigation in their development plans, guidelines for policy and planning treat the two approaches separately. The main challenges identified are lack of knowledge, lack of political will, lack of financial incentives, and fragmentation of mandates and tasks of different government agencies. In contrast, at the local level, integration of mitigation and adaptation is facilitated by subnational autonomy, where mitigation projects might have adaptation co-benefits, and vice versa. Our results also show that many actors have a dual mandate that could bridge adaptation and mitigation if appropriate political and financial incentives are put in place. Successful integration of mitigation and adaptation policies would not only remove contradictions between policies, but also encourage governments that are designing domestic policies to exploit the potential for positive spillovers and realize the benefits of both approaches.

Poor economic condition, unemployement, quality education and lack of other basic infrastructures are the common problems of rurals in Indonesia and in many other countries. The rural potentials have not been optimally explored, hence a place to birth it becomes instead of to live. The government has actually tried several programs for rural economic development, for example by providing more facilities and infrastructure, even creating project PNPM (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/National Program for Community Empowerment). However, the implementation and effect of these programs have been put into question. In Indonesia, this economic institution is BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa/ Village Owned Enterprise), the pillars of rural economic activity, serves as a social and commercial institution. This paper aims to explain how to strengthen the role of village owned enterprise for its role in rural development. Using qualitative approach, this study indicates that village owned enterprise is projected to be new economic strength in rural development in Indonesia and that the rural government can improve the role of village owned enterprise not only as a government's fund mediator but also as a facilitator to promote the rural economic activity properly through value addition. The paper aims to generate new insight of the role of village owned enterprise in Indonesia and its consequence to rural development.

Indonesia is the first country that has successfully issued FLEGT (Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade) license, a market based international regulation system initiated by European Union to encourage sustainable forest management particularly in developing countries. This success story is considered as the achievement of Indonesia's economic diplomacy despite of the fact that Indonesia had previously postponed its policy to join the FLEGT mechanism during the negotiation process with European Union from 2015 to 2016. This article aims to analyze the factors contributing to Indonesia's changing position during the negotiation process by applying the qualitative research approach and single case study method. The theory of Economic Diplomacy from Stephen Woolcock (2016) is used as the analytical framework. This article argues that there are systemic, domestic and ideational factors affecting Indonesia's policy changes to respond to FLEGT license mechanism. The research finds that the factors consist of the asymmetric relation between Indonesia and the European Union in the implementation of FLEGT, the policy incoherence between Indonesia's national agencies involved, and the distinguished perception between actors involved in the process. This study concludes that in the case of Indonesia, the three factors outlined by the Woolcock's theory have concertedly contributed, however the critical linkages between interest and institution variables related to the decision-making process at domestic level have proven to significantly shape the final stance of Indonesia in economy diplomacy. ; Indonesia merupakan negara pertama yang berhasil menerbitkan Lisensi Forest Law Environment, Governance and Trade (FLEGT), sebuah regulasi internasional berbasis mekanisme pasar yang diinisiasi oleh Uni Eropa untuk mendorong tata kelola hutan yang berkerlanjutan, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Capaian ini seringkali dianggap sebagai keberhasilan diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia. Namun, temuan awal menunjukan terdapat perubahan sikap yang dilakukan Indonesia pada proses negosiasi bersama Uni Eropa pada kurun waktu 2015-2016. Oleh karenaitu, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan sikap Indonesia dalam proses negosiasi penerbitan Lisensi FLEGT. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus tunggal yang dipandu oleh Teori Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk Diplomasi Ekonomidari Stephen Woolcock (2016). Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa sikap Indonesia didasari oleh adanya hubungan asimetris antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa dalam implementasi FLEGT, inkoherensi kebijakan antara kementerian dan lembaga terkait, dan perbedaan persepsi antara aktor pemangku kepentingan terkait kewajiban SVLK (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa proses pembentukan kebijakan negara dalam diplomasi ekonomi terkait dengan pertimbangan dari faktor sistemik, domestik dan ideasional berupa perbedaan persepsi antara aktor-aktor yang berkepentingan.

Abstract: The Jokowi–JK's Blusukan Approach As a Rallying Point to Unify the Methods in Determining the Beginning of Lunar Months in Indonesia. This article attempts to analyze the problem in determining the beginning of lunar months (Ramadan, Syawal, and Dzulhijjah) in Indonesia and the challenges faced by Jokowi and JK's government to unify such disparate methods. A number of models and approaches have much to offer ranging from a simple model to a complex model. A model requires dialogues between the government and the Islamic social organizations leaders; Another needs only a dialogues among the leaders; while other require the involvement of all the Indonesian Muslims. By using the blusukan approach, the government is expected to promote an agreement, or even to issue the rules to unify the methods in determining the beginning of moon in the Islamic calendar, which has become an urgent need for Muslims in Indonesia.Keywords: blusukan, hisab and rukyatAbstrak: Pendekatan Blusukan Jokowi-JK Sebagai Titik Temu dalam Rangka Unifikasi Penetapan Awal Bulan Qamariah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis problem penetapan awal bulan Qamariyah dan tantangan pemerintahan Jokowi dan JK dalam menyatukan metode penetapan kalender Hijrah (awal Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Dzulhijjah) secara nasional di Indonesia. Beberapa model dan pendekatan telah banyak ditawarkan mulai dari model yang sederhana sampai model yang rumit. Ada model yang menggunakan dialog antara pemerintah dengan pimpinan organisasi masyarakat Islam, ada yang hanya sebatas dialog antar pemimpin organisasi, dan ada pula yang perlu melibatkan kesepakatan seluruh umat Islam Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan blusukan, pemerintah diharapkan mampu melahirkan kesepakatan atau aturan untuk menentukan bulan baru dalam kalender Islam, yang merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak bagi umat Islam di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: blusukan, hisab dan rukyat

In recent years, landscape sustainability, the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in landscapes, has become a core objective of conservation initiatives. Yet efforts to promote sustainability often conflict with other landscape objectives. Globally, integrated landscape approaches have emerged as desirable processes for reconciling these conflicts. Integrated landscape approaches seek to foster improvements in landscape-scale governance to meet sustainability objectives. As scientific and political support for these new landscape approaches continues to advance internationally, there is a need to learn from the processes, constraints, and opportunities. We seek to enrich understandings of landscape approaches and their contributions to governance and sustainability through conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Focusing on eight case studies at different stages of development in Indonesia, we explore how practitioners influence landscape sustainability through integrated approaches. We used questionnaires and literature to collect information on objectives, attributes and challenges of landscapes approaches. We find landscape approaches in Indonesia closely reflect guidance principles. Emerging lessons from landscapes include adapting strategies to local priorities for inclusive problem-framing and engaging in nested learning systems. Aligning landscape actions with policy for coherent governance across scales remains a key challenge. Creating and maintaining governance that supports landscape sustainability is a core principle of landscape approaches. Establishing institutional arrangements for landscape sustainability will require working across legislative and political boundaries for coordinated action. We highlight the need to document and measure impact, and the potential for future learning from landscape sustainability science.

dikenal sebagai negara agraris yang seharusnya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan barang konsumsi bagi penduduknya melalui produksi dari dalam negeri sendiri. Pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin, yang merupakan masa dimana dunia sedang mengalami Perang Dingin, Indonesia menjalin hubungan ekonomi dengan Amerika Serikat yang merupakan negara Blok Barat/ negara yang sedang menjadi peran utama dalam perang dingin. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana hubungan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat dalam bidang impor hasil pertanian pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin? Dan Bagaimana implementasi impor hasil pertanian antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat?Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah. Langkah pertama adalah mengumpulkan sumber data yang sejaman baik sumber primer maupun sekunder. Sumber primer yang telah dikumpulkan penulis yaitu berupa surat kabar, majalah, arsip BPS, arsip dari Kementrian Luar Negeri Indonesia, dan Jurnal dari web resmi Amerika Serikat, dan sumber sekunder berupa buku yang berkaitan. Selanjutnya dilakukan kritik dengan cara membaca semua sumber primer maupun sumber sekunder, dan memverifikasinya. Selanjutnya tahap interpretasi dilakukan dengan menghubungkan antar fakta lalu dapat disusun historiografi dengan judul Hubungan Ekonomi Indonesia-Amerika Serikat dalam Bidang Impor Hasil Pertanian Pada Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin.Ekonomi Indonesia pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin mengalami ketidakstabilan yang parah, mulai dari jumlah uang yang beredar naik dengan tidak seimbang dengan jumlah produksi barang, sehingga juga berpengaruh pada kenaikan harga yang drastis. Kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri Indonesia pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin berpacu berdasarkan UUD 1945, sedangkan kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri Amerika Serikat dibuat berkaitan dengan kondisi dunia yang sedang mengalami perang dingin. Impor hasil pertanian Indonesia dan Amerika yang berjalan sejak masa presiden Eisenhower, dan dilanjutkan pada masa presiden penggantinya, Kennedy, berpengaruh pada penambahan jumlah barang konsumsi yang beredar di masyarakat IndonesiaKata kunci : Impor, Demokrasi Terpimpin

Sustainable universities play a role in evaluating and reporting on sustainable practices in developing countries. The study aims to identify human capital's impact on sustainable university performance by implementing sustainable human resource management (sustainable HRM) as a mediating variable. The paper uses a quantitative approach, with a sample of 140 employees consisting of lecturers and educational staff at Esa Unggul University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling-partial least squares with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results showed a positive and significant impact that was statistically proven by a direct impact of human capital and sustainable HRM on sustainable universities as well as an indirect impact of human capital on sustainable universities mediated by sustainable HRM. Furthermore, the results showed that the level of direct influence of human capital on sustainable universities has an influence value of 0.371, where the influence is categorized as weak. The level of indirect influence with sustainable HRM as a mediator between human capital and sustainable universities has an influence of 0.662 with a fairly strong/moderate influence. This proves that the role of sustainable HRM practices is an essential component in realizing a sustainable university. Empirical findings recommend increasing the capacity and quality of lecturers and education staff as the main component of university human capital to achieve sustainable higher education performance. Sustainable HRM practices need to be implemented thoughtfully by universities to improve performance from economic, environmental, and social aspects.

Abstract The conflict between Pakistan and India on the border of the two countries in the dispute over the Kashmir region has been going on for years. Although many efforts have been tried to reconcile the two countries, the conflict continues to cause a lot of harm to the indigenous people of Kashmir which continues to this day. As a country that has good relations with Pakistan and India, Indonesia can be declared as a neutral country and has a large enough opportunity to become a mediator between the two countries as a conflict resolution effort. This article aims to discuss the efforts to resolve the conflict between Pakistan and India in the dispute over the Kashmir region and the opportunities that Indonesia has to become a mediator between the two countries. The research method in this study uses exploratory qualitative and data collection techniques in the form of literature studies based on secondary data. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has an opportunity to become a mediator in the resolution of the Kashmir conflict. Keywords : Conflict Resolution, Pakistan-India Conflict, Kashmir, Indonesia, Mediator.

High volatility of world soybean prices have caused uncertainty and vulnerability particularly in net-importer countries like Indonesia. This study aims to measure the impact on poverty in Indonesia of volatility in the world price and import tariffs of soybeans. By applying a computable general equilibrium (CGE)-microsimulation approach and the endogenous poverty line, it was shown that the dramatic volatility of world soybean prices during 2007–09 had a significant effect on increasing poverty in Indonesia. The simulation result showed that a 40 per cent increase in world price raises the head count index by 0.204 per cent which equals 427,971. However, zero import tariffs implemented by the government through regulation 01/PMK.011/2008 in response to high world prices could not perfectly absorb the negative impact of increasing world soybeans price on poverty. Zero import tariffs would be effective in protecting the poor in Indonesia if the world soybean price increase was not more than 10 per cent. Moreover, protection in the agricultural sector, such as raising import tariffs, intended to help agricultural producers will have the reverse effect of raising the head count index.