Suchergebnisse

Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries have become more integrated with the world economy since the early 1990s leading to a surge in international capital inflows, but have also experienced sporadic downfalls in their growth rates leading to instabilities in some macroeconomic variables. This paper examined the dynamic and causal relationship between economic growth and international capital inflow in SSA using data covering the period of 1990 to 2018. Through Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) impulse response and variance decomposition, the study found a positive relationship between growth and international capital inflow in SSA. It also found negative relationships between macroeconomic instability and economic growth; and macroeconomic instability and international capital inflow in SSA. In addition, through VAR Granger Causality or Block Exogeneity Wald Tests, the study found a unidirectional causal relationship running from growth to international capital inflow in SSA. The study also found that international capital inflow did not cause economic growth but economic growth attracts international capital inflows. Therefore, the study concluded that a buoyant and viable economy provides conducive business environment for international investors better than less viable economy. Thus, the study recommended that governments and policy makers in SSA should put in place policies that will promote economic growth to attract more international capital inflows which would augment the scarcely available domestic capital resources most especially in terms of knowledge, skills and other technological advancement, that would later translate into further economic growth in SSA region.

Vietnam and the World is a comprehensive book on Vietnam's international relations since 1975. It is also a study on the development of Marxist-Leninist doctrine in Vietnam. With its special reference to foreign policy, the book examines how formalist Marxist-Leninist rhetoric penetrated traditional pragmatically oriented Vietnamese thinking. By using previously unexploited Vietnamese material, the author pinpoints the development of Vietnamese doctrine vis-a-vis pragmatism and formalism and analyzes the line pursued by Vietnam during the radical changes in international relation between 1975 and 1993

The early twenty-first century has seen the beginning of a considerable shift in the global balance of power. Major international governance challenges can no longer be addressed without the ongoing co-operation of the large countries of the global South. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, ASEAN states, and Mexico wield great influence in the macro-economic foundations upon which rest the global political economy and institutional architecture. It remains to be seen how the size of the emerging powers translates into the ability to shape the international system to their own will.

La diffusion et le respect des règies du droit international humanitaire sont destinés à limiter les effets des conflits armés et à protéger le mieux possible les victimes affectées par ces conflits. De même, le droit international humanitaire favorise la diffusion des idéaux humanitaires et d'un esprit de paix entre les peuples. Les relations entre l'action en faveur de la paix, l'interdiction du recours à la force et le droit international humanitaire sont d'autant plus évidentes que, comme on le reconnaît aujourd'hui, une paix durable, ainsi que le développement et la coopération pacifiques à l'échelon international ne sont possibles que s'ils se fondent sur le respect du droit international humanitaire et de la dignité de l'homme.

AbstractThis article examines the responses of sub-national governments to international agreements that severely reduce their policy discretion. I focus on their decision to subject public procurement to international competition by joining the Agreement of Government Procurement (GPA) of the World Trade Organization. In a public procurement market, a government becomes both a market participant and a market regulator. I argue that the propensity of governments to join the GPA, thus reducing their discretion as market regulators, depends on the degree of local political competition. Studying state governments in the United States, I find that the degree of political competition positively affects not only the propensity to join the GPA but also the amount of procurement that a government subjects to international competition.

It is often assumed that the independence of a criminal court is synonymous with the impartiality of judges. However, discussions around the independence of the International Criminal Court are, in most cases, about the Court as an institution and about the work of the Office of the Prosecutor. The Independence of the International Criminal Court: Between a Rock and a Hard Place focuses on understanding the different competing narratives which defend and critique the Court's 'institutional' independence and legitimacy, and particularly its relationship with Africa. Critical discourse analysis techniques are used to capture the way in which language is used to express the collective power capable of influencing the policies of the Court. 'In assessing the ICC's independence and legitimacy, Alphonse Muleefu is scrupulously even-handed in weighing the claims of the Court's supporters and critics. The book's dialogical approach enables a deep understanding of how the ICC views its role in addressing mass crimes and why the Court's critics - especially in Africa - are so concerned about its impact across the continent. This book is nuanced, thorough and essential reading for anyone trying to fathom where the ICC finds itself 17 years into its existence. 'Dr Phil Clark, SOAS University of London' The Independence of the International Criminal Court: Between A Rock and A Hard Place" provides a tremendously vivid and fascinating study of politics in action. By analysing the public speeches and written texts that mark critical moments in the court's history the book offers a desperately needed analysis of the place of politics in the life of the law. Alphonse captures beautifully various key discourses and sets them side-by-side forcing us to contend with the difficulties of the ICC's relationship with Africa and their implications for understanding law in an uneven world. He also turns us to the crude realities of that world as seen in the spoken and written word highlighting how the key challenge of twenty-first century justice analysis is not only what is done and what is said but also how those things are seen. A refreshing account of the complex dynamics of discourse. A must read. 'Prof. Kamari M. Clarke, The University of California, Los Angeles.

Intro -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM (TARP) -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM (TARP) -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TARP: AUGUST OVERSIGHT REPORT -- Executive Summary -- Section One -- A. Overview -- B. Financial Integration and the Crisis -- 1. Globalization Prior to the Crisis -- 2. Globalization of the Crisis -- 3. Cross-Border Integration within Financial Institutions -- C. Description of the International Financial Crisis -- 1. How the Crisis Developed -- a. Timeline of Crisis -- b. Impact on Major Economies Outside the United States and Europe -- c. Financial Institutions Most Affected -- 2.The Ad Hoc Nature of Government Responses -- a. Capital Injections -- b. Nationalizations -- c. Expanded Deposit Insurance -- d. Central Bank Liquidity and other Programs -- e. Guarantees and Purchases of Impaired Assets -- f. Changes in Accounting Rules -- 3. International Organizations -- 4. The International Financial Landscape in the Aftermath of the Crisis -- 5. Winding Down Rescue Efforts -- D. International Impact of Rescue Funds -- 1. U.S. Rescue Funds that May Have Benefited Foreign Economies -- 2. International Rescue Funds that MAY Have Benefited the United States -- 3. The Largest, Systemically Significant Institutions and the International Flow of Rescue Funding -- E. Cooperation and Conflict in the Different Government Responses to the Crisis -- 1. International Coordination and Treasury's Role in Supporting Financial Stabilization Internationally -- a. Legal Authority -- b. Coordination Concerning the Creation of TARP-like Programs and Support for Banking Industry -- 2. Role of Central Banks at the Height of the Crisis -- a. Focus on Liquidity Pressure

Le rôle joué par les migrations internationales et leurs interactions avec d'autres composantes démographiques dans le processus de croissance urbaine demeure sous-estimé. Cet article évalue les tendances de l'accroissement naturel et des migrations nettes internes et internationales à Zurich pendant la révolution industrielle, en s'appuyant sur des statistiques historiques ventilées par nationalité et des techniques d'estimations démographiques indirectes. À rebours des théories démographiques sur le rôle prépondérant de l'accroissement naturel dans l'expansion de la ville, ces résultats montrent que l'accroissement naturel n'a été positif qu'en raison de l'apport migratoire. Dans un contexte de déclin précoce de la fécondité, Zurich s'est développée essentiellement sous l'effet des migrations, avec des variations considérables des origines internes et internationales des migrants au cours du temps. La discussion se concentre sur les évolutions structurelles des marchés du travail régional et international, et sur le processus discontinu du développement économique de Zurich et de ses politiques migratoires contrastées.