Suchergebnisse

In the 1980s, when computers became affordable for private households, a hacker or cracking scene, which was the term used by members of this subculture, developed in several western and northwestern European countries. These (almost exclusively male) groups of adolescents 'cracked', copied and exchanged computer games. On the basis of magazines and published interviews with former members of this scene, this article shows how cracking became an important current in the broad spectrum of teenage subculture – with specific ethical codes and rituals of masculinity. Its members were by no means lone specialists who eschewed contact with the outside world, but rather developed their own forms of community and communication. This scene did not construe itself as a political counter-culture; it was rather part of the diversifying popular and consumer culture of the 1980s. In the early 1990s, when law enforcing agencies began to prosecute software piracy more resolutely, this computer subculture began to fade. However, it lived on in the field of computer graphics, in electronic music and in the growing IT sector.

Abstract
Against the background of the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy (2010–2018) in Germany, the article explores the question of how European youth policy can be anchored at the municipal level. The article discusses (1) federal and regional efforts to incorporate the municipal level in implementing European youth policy, (2) arising challenges and (3) the significance of European policy for national, regional and municipal youth policy. Results suggest that although the involved actors stipulate the importance of municipal level involvement in designing the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy in Germany, the Strategy is actually implemented as a top-down strategy in which the municipal level receives impulses from other levels, rather than being incorporated in policy development. The article concludes that, in order to successfully strengthening European impulses in sub-national youth welfare discourses, mutual understanding and dialogue between levels is just as necessary as a content-related rather than process-related discussion.

Se examina la dictadura de Hitler, su personalidad y su búsqueda del poder; así como la organización de la policía estatal y la influencia que los nazis tenían sobre las vidas y las opiniones de las personas. Su expansión militar por Europa y la guerra, que ocasionó enormes desastres y costó la vida de millones de personas en todo el mundo. Incluye fragmentos de fuentes históricas originales, así como, material de aprendizaje activo: ejercicios, preguntas y pruebas. ; SC ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; GBR

Se examina la dictadura de Hitler, su personalidad y su búsqueda del poder; así como la organización de la policía estatal y la influencia que los nazis tenían sobre las vidas y las opiniones de las personas. Su expansión militar por Europa y la guerra, que ocasionó enormes desastres y costó la vida de millones de personas en todo el mundo. Incluye fragmentos de fuentes históricas originales, así como, material de aprendizaje activo: ejercicios, preguntas y pruebas. ; SC ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; GBR

This book juxtaposes national anthems of thirteen countries from central Europe, with the aim of initiating a dialogue among the peoples of East-Central Europe. We tend to perceive a national anthem as a particular mirror, involuntarily reflecting an image of nation and homeland; but how does it represent the community for whom it sounds? To answer this question, the book deploys a comparative approach - anthems are presented in the light of those of neighbouring countries, with the conviction that one of the key features of true Europeanness is good relations between neighbours. The development trajectory of the modern nation is the context in which the book examines the history of such national symbols, alongside the symbolic content of poetry, images of the homeland and nation depicted in the anthems, as well as the sometimes longer processes which led to the adoption and legal codification of current state symbols. The Anthems of East-Central Europe will be a great resource for researchers, journalists, college and university students, politicians trying to impact emigrees from this region and emigrees themselves.

The German Greens entered the federal government as junior partners of the Social Democrats in 1998. The birth & development of this coalition are analyzed, concentrating on its first two years. What have been the main achievements of the Greens? Where & why have the Greens been disappointed? What is the likely impact of their experience in government on the future of the party? In the analysis particular emphasis is placed on the relative weakness of the Greens before entering government & on external factors that made it very difficult for the Greens to succeed with their three top priority projects: phasing out nuclear energy, reforming nationality law, & the introduction of ecological taxation. Green electoral support has been fairly steady throughout their period of government after dropping sharply in 1998. The Greens will need to fight hard to mobilize their core electorate but may also benefit from the support of Social Democrats wishing to retain the "red-green" government coalition beyond 2002. 45 References. Adapted from the source document.