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AbstractThis article examines the responses of sub-national governments to international agreements that severely reduce their policy discretion. I focus on their decision to subject public procurement to international competition by joining the Agreement of Government Procurement (GPA) of the World Trade Organization. In a public procurement market, a government becomes both a market participant and a market regulator. I argue that the propensity of governments to join the GPA, thus reducing their discretion as market regulators, depends on the degree of local political competition. Studying state governments in the United States, I find that the degree of political competition positively affects not only the propensity to join the GPA but also the amount of procurement that a government subjects to international competition.

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Intro -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM (TARP) -- THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM (TARP) -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE TARP: AUGUST OVERSIGHT REPORT -- Executive Summary -- Section One -- A. Overview -- B. Financial Integration and the Crisis -- 1. Globalization Prior to the Crisis -- 2. Globalization of the Crisis -- 3. Cross-Border Integration within Financial Institutions -- C. Description of the International Financial Crisis -- 1. How the Crisis Developed -- a. Timeline of Crisis -- b. Impact on Major Economies Outside the United States and Europe -- c. Financial Institutions Most Affected -- 2.The Ad Hoc Nature of Government Responses -- a. Capital Injections -- b. Nationalizations -- c. Expanded Deposit Insurance -- d. Central Bank Liquidity and other Programs -- e. Guarantees and Purchases of Impaired Assets -- f. Changes in Accounting Rules -- 3. International Organizations -- 4. The International Financial Landscape in the Aftermath of the Crisis -- 5. Winding Down Rescue Efforts -- D. International Impact of Rescue Funds -- 1. U.S. Rescue Funds that May Have Benefited Foreign Economies -- 2. International Rescue Funds that MAY Have Benefited the United States -- 3. The Largest, Systemically Significant Institutions and the International Flow of Rescue Funding -- E. Cooperation and Conflict in the Different Government Responses to the Crisis -- 1. International Coordination and Treasury's Role in Supporting Financial Stabilization Internationally -- a. Legal Authority -- b. Coordination Concerning the Creation of TARP-like Programs and Support for Banking Industry -- 2. Role of Central Banks at the Height of the Crisis -- a. Focus on Liquidity Pressure

International Workshop, Horta 2-5-June 2008. ; The first workshop on developing a sustainable aquaculture industry in the Azores was organised as a joint venture between the Institute of Marine Research at the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores (IMAR/DOP) and the private enterprise seaExpert. The aim of the meeting was to determine the necessary steps to establish a sustainable Aquaculture Industry in the Azores and to identify priorities for further aquaculture research in the Region. Experts were invited from diverse areas, bringing specialized knowledge and understanding of a broad variety of factors involved in setting up an aquaculture industry. Speakers from across the world shared experience of aquaculture projects from other island ecosystems including: Madeira, the Canaries, Malta, Cyprus and Hawaii. Representatives of official institutions such as the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) of the U.S.A., and Centro Tecnológico del Mar of Spain (Fundación Cetmar) offered advice regarding planning, management and policy issues. A specialist from an independent company, Akvaplan-niva, with vast experience in Aquaculture development in Europe was also invited to offer suggestions and advice to local government representatives and stakeholders. The first part of the meeting was composed of a series of lectures: issuing the status of Aquaculture Worldwide and on the Portuguese scale; regulatory measures for aquaculture in the EU; trade, marketing, quality and safety of aquaculture products; oceanic and land-based production systems; and partitioned systems. Attention was also given to specific species that could be potentially produced in the Azores Region. A series of discussion forums were launched during the second part of the meeting. These were designed to determine the specific requirements and steps needed in order to launch an aquaculture industry in the Azores. Amongst the topics discussed were: the structure of management of a successful aquaculture initiative, the steps needed to establish such an initiative, focal species, and suitable technologies and strategies. ; INTERREG III B; FEDEER; USDA ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Le rôle joué par les migrations internationales et leurs interactions avec d'autres composantes démographiques dans le processus de croissance urbaine demeure sous-estimé. Cet article évalue les tendances de l'accroissement naturel et des migrations nettes internes et internationales à Zurich pendant la révolution industrielle, en s'appuyant sur des statistiques historiques ventilées par nationalité et des techniques d'estimations démographiques indirectes. À rebours des théories démographiques sur le rôle prépondérant de l'accroissement naturel dans l'expansion de la ville, ces résultats montrent que l'accroissement naturel n'a été positif qu'en raison de l'apport migratoire. Dans un contexte de déclin précoce de la fécondité, Zurich s'est développée essentiellement sous l'effet des migrations, avec des variations considérables des origines internes et internationales des migrants au cours du temps. La discussion se concentre sur les évolutions structurelles des marchés du travail régional et international, et sur le processus discontinu du développement économique de Zurich et de ses politiques migratoires contrastées.

"The book provides clear, concise and practical guidance on the understanding, negotiation and management of contracts for international construction and engineering projects. It covers, in a simple and straightforward way, the main features of construction contracts, the underlying notions on which they are based and the various dispute resolution procedures available should a dispute arise, with the aim of ensuring the construction professional (engineer or other non-lawyer) engaged on an international project has an awareness of the types of issue that typically arise on the contractual side of the project"--

This ground breaking book discusses whether human rights can be forged into a common set of transcendent principles against which actions of every nation can be judged and whether such a common understanding, or civil religion, could one day become a vehicle for global peace. Eminent international scholars from political science, international relations, human rights and civil religion argue both sides of this debate. In the first section the theoretical issues relating to why human rights have come about and whether they should be fought for are discussed. Part two focuses on the reality of a

This OECD publication provides statistics on international trade in services by partner country for 28 OECD countries plus the European Union (EU25 and EU27), the Euro area, and Hong Kong (SAR China) as well as definitions and methodological notes. The data concern trade between residents and non-residents of countries and are reported within the framework of the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services. This book includes summary tables of trade patterns listing the main trading partners for each country and by broad service category. Series are shown in US dollars and cover th

Résumé La France est une « puissance européenne aux responsabilités et aux intérêts globaux » ( Revue stratégique de défense et de sécurité nationale de 2017, p. 88). Ainsi, la coopération internationale est un enjeu majeur de la diplomatie militaire nationale : elle permet à la France de faire face aux multiples défis sécuritaires rencontrés, consécutifs à l'émergence d'un monde multipolaire. La Direction générale des relations internationales et de la stratégie (DGRIS) du ministère des Armées contribue à cette diplomatie militaire et œuvre à la régénération des chercheurs français sur les questions de défense et de stratégie.

After fighting in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–9, hundreds of Britons returned home to an uncertain future. While the anti-fascist left saw them as heroes, their Communist Party links met with official suspicion, complicated further by the advent of war in September 1939. Popular and scholarly narratives alike have concurred that International Brigade veterans were barred en masse from the armed forces, despite their experience and demonstrable hatred for fascism. This article complicates these narratives, exploring the extent and causes of discrimination, and placing these within the context of wartime anti-communist policy.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the size and structure of the Polish direct investment on the international investment position of the country. As it turns out, the impact of the Polish direct investment abroad on the Polish international position worsens. The article describes the conditions and the scale of Polish investment abroad in the years 1994—2013. Based on data from the Ministry of Economy, National Bank of Poland and agencies of foreign investment, it was found that Polish entrepreneurs direct their capital mainly in the services sector on the European market.