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Earlier ed. published under title: Report on uniformity of legislation on international cooperation in judicial procedures. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In the 1890s Australian and New Zealand women became the first in the world to win the vote. Buoyed by their victories, they promised to lead a global struggle for the expansion of women's electoral rights. Charting the common trajectory of the colonial suffrage campaigns, Distant Sisters uncovers the personal and material networks that transformed feminist organising. Considering intimate and institutional connections, well-connected elites and ordinary women, this book argues developments in Auckland, Sydney, and Adelaide-long considered the peripheries of the feminist world-cannot be separated from its glamourous metropoles. Focusing on Antipodean women, simultaneously insiders and outsiders in the emerging international women's movement, and documenting the failures of their expansive vision alongside its successes, this book reveals a more contingent history of international organising and challenges celebratory accounts of fin-de-siecle global connection.This book is relevant to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5, Gender equality. --

Cover -- Impressum -- Danksagung -- Zusammenfassung -- Abstract -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 1. "Alle Zweige des Gartenbaues, der Garten-Architektur und Industrie": Einführung in die Geschichte der deutschen Gartenbauausstellungen -- 1.1 Gegenstand und Ziel der Untersuchung -- 1.2 Forschungsstand zum Ausstellungs- und Kongresswesen -- 1.2.1 Gartenbauausstellungen, Gartenschauen und Ausstellungsgärten -- 1.2.2 Internationale Ausstellungen, Weltausstellungen und Kongresse -- 1.3 Konzept und Aufbau der Arbeit -- 2. "Hamburg, Deutschland und die Welt": Zu den allgemeinen Voraussetzungen des internationalen Ausstellungs- und Kongresswesens in Hamburg -- 2.1 Die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen im 19. Jahrhundert -- 2.1.1 Institutioneller Wandel durch politische und rechtliche Reformen -- 2.1.2 Industrialisierung und Globalisierung -- 2.1.3 Sozialer und kultureller Wandel -- 2.2 Die politischen und städtebaulichen Voraussetzungen in Hamburg -- 2.2.1 Entfestigung und Stadtumgestaltung ab 1814 -- 2.2.2 Urbanisierung und Stadterweiterung ab 1842 -- 2.3 Ergebnis: Grundlegender Wandel zur Wettbewerbswirtschaft -- 3. "Die Welt als Schaustellung": Von den frühen Weltausstellungen bis zu den ersten Fachausstellungen -- 3.1 Die Entwicklung des gewerblichen Ausstellungswesens -- 3.1.1 Erste nationale Industrie- und Gewerbeausstellungen -- 3.1.2 Wachsendes Ausstellungsinteresse der Konsumgesellschaft -- 3.2 Der Charakter der frühen Weltausstellungen (1851-1873) -- 3.2.1 London 1851: "Die gesamte Welt unter einem Dach" -- 3.2.1.1 Der Kristallpalast im Hyde Park -- 3.2.1.2 Die Blumenausstellung der Horticultural Society -- 3.2.1.3 Impulse für die moderne Ausstellungsgestaltung -- 3.2.2 Paris und London: Wettkampf der Nationen -- 3.2.2.1 Erste Universalausstellung 1855 -- 3.2.2.2 Erster Ausstellungsgarten 1862 -- 3.2.3 Paris 1867: "Belehrung, Amüsement und Kommerz

Analysis of national health insurance accounts in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) clearly shows the importance of international sanitary aid, particularly for the funding of general referral hospitals, the management of inpatients with AIDS, administration of health zones and funding of preventive care providers. It The targeted changes described in this article could possibly optimize the efficiency of international aid for the DRC population, mainly for disorders considered to be a health care priority (i.e. malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis) as well as in the fight against malnutrition. Recommendations target the implementation of procedures for control of food chain security, changes in lifestyle and dietary habits of the population but also comprise extensive restructuring of the health care administration. A dramatic change of the structure in charge of drug distribution as well as eradication of the transfer of part of public health structure income to public health administrative personnel could result in the allocation of significant funds to the fight against the most important diseases. Better collaboration between the various departments in charge of health care professional training, together with enhanced responsibility of health care personnel is essential. Independent and respected non-governmental organizations should be involved in an audit process, targeting all aspects of the current DRC health system. Eventually, in an equal opportunity perspective, taking into consideration the very high degree of poverty of DRC inhabitants, implementation of health insurance programmes, use of generic drugs and generalization of micro-credit initiatives should also be implemented. ; L'analyse des comptes nationaux de santé de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) montre le rôle essentiel joué par l'aide internationale, en particulier dans le financement des hôpitaux généraux de référence, des hôpitaux de prise en charge du sida, de l'administration des zones de santé et du financement des prestataires de soins préventifs. Il semble possible, par des changements ciblés, évoqués dans cet article, d'optimaliser le bénéfice retiré par la population congolaise de l'aide internationale, en particulier, dans le domaine des maladies prioritaires (paludisme, sida, tuberculose) ainsi que dans la lutte contre la malnutrition. Les recommandations portent sur la mise en place de procédures de contrôle de la sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire, sur le changement des comportements de la population vis-à-vis de la prévention des maladies prioritaires mais également sur une refonte globale de l'organisation des soins de santé. Une modification drastique de la structure de distribution des médicaments et l'arrêt de la rétrocession, à la hiérarchie, d'une part des recettes des structures de santé devraient permettre de libérer des moyens importants pour lutter contre les maladies prioritaires. Une meilleure collaboration entre le Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et le Ministère de la Santé, aboutissant à une refonte de la formation des personnels de santé, avec une responsabilisation progressive des agents en place, semble un prérequis. Il convient d'impliquer des organisations non-gouvernementales crédibles dans un processus d'évaluation des structures sanitaires de la RDC. Enfin, dans un souci d'équité tenant compte de la pauvreté des ménages, des actions telles que la mise en place d'une assurance-santé, le recours aux médicaments génériques et la généralisation des micro-crédits peuvent également être considérés. ; Peer reviewed

At a time of increasing prominence of the workings and judgements of international courts, recent interdisciplinary work has illuminated the deeply uneven ways in which violence is labelled, understood, and acted upon. Attempting to place work in genocide studies in conversation with current geographical scholarship, this paper argues that there are intrinsic spatial qualities to deliberations over whether an act of violence constitutes genocide. Understanding these invocations of space helps explain how accountability for violence is spatially contained, often severing judgement from wider historical or geopolitical contexts. This argument is made through analysis of the build up to, and enactment of, the legal deliberations at the International Court of Justice brought by The Gambia against Myanmar in relation to the expulsion of the Rohingya from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Such investigative work reveals the intrinsically geographical nature of both designations of genocidal acts and the intimate processes of legal deliberation itself.

Abstract
Those who are under-18 are not often associated with the exercise of political rights. It is argued in this article however that youth-led climate activism is highlighting the extensive potential that children and young people have for political activism. Moreover, youth activists have come to be seen by many as uniquely competent on climate change. Youth activists have moved from the streets to the courts, utilising national and international human rights law mechanisms to further their cause. They are not the first to do so, and the extent of their impact is as yet unclear. Nevertheless, it is argued here that through applications such as Saachi (an application to the Committee on the Rights of the Child) and Duarte Agostinho (an application to the ECtHR) they are shifting the human-centric, highly procedural arena of international human rights law towards an approach which better encompasses person-environment connections.

This article examines the systemic implications of the growing popular backlash against international cooperation and analyzes how voter-endorsed attempts to withdraw from international institutions reverberate abroad. Observing other countries' disintegration experiences allows voters to better assess the feasibility and desirability of such withdrawals. More positive withdrawal experiences encourage exit-support abroad, whereas negative experiences are likely to have a deterring effect. These contagion effects will be conditioned by the availability of information and voters' willingness to learn. The article empirically examines this argument for the case of Brexit. It leverages original survey data from 58,959 EU-27 Europeans collected in six survey waves during the Brexit withdrawal negotiations and from a two-wave survey of 2,241 Swiss voters conducted around the first Brexit extension in spring 2019. It finds both encouragement and deterrence effects, which are bigger when respondents pay attention to Brexit and are dampened by motivated reasoning.

This article examines the Chinese government's policy towards Uighurs for the purpose of outlining and explaining indications of the policy that have implications on the legal aspects of this international law. This study was researched using normative juridical methods with expansive analysis based on logical-normative approaches. The results of the analysis show that broadly the policies China implements against the Uighur population are indicated to acts of discrimination. China's main interest is sovereignty, so of course, China will not allow the release of any territory from China. While the implications in the context of International Law as to uphold the guarantee of civil and political rights, liberal and democratic principles or independence, and individual freedom in relation to the state. The points of conflict identified, especially concerning the reach of equality of rights between ethnic Uighurs and other ethnicities in China, the prohibition of inhumane punishment and degrading dignity, and religious freedom.

The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1093/isafpa/orz003 ; Can public diplomacy help resolve protracted international conflicts? Both rationalist and constructivist traditions identify significant domestic obstacles to international peacemaking. However, Robert Putnam's concept of "reverberation" implies that diplomats can expand their adversaries' win-sets for cooperation by engaging foreign publics. This paper analyzes a most-likely case, with archival evidence: Argentine Ambassador Oscar Camilión's unsuccessful quest for Argentine-Brazilian rapprochement in 1976–77. Although the two countries later overcame rivalry, public diplomacy contributed negligibly to this success: internal Argentine divisions created mixed messages toward Brazil, Brazilian leaders launched a competing public relations operation, and these two currents obstructed and nearly terminated Camilión's mission. This case illuminates the paradoxes of Argentine foreign policymaking under military rule and offers a cautionary tale for scholars and practitioners of public diplomacy and conflict resolution.

AbstractThe article is devoted to an analysis of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) that was established in 2006 to fight against clandestine criminal structures and illegal security groups in this country. Over the last decade, CICIG has achieved numerous victories in prosecuting corrupt politicians, businessmen, judges, and law enforcement officers, as well as in reforming legal and judicial institutions in Guatemala. CICIG represents an experimental approach to the fight against impunity and corruption in weak and failed states, with the aid of international anti‐corruption and law enforcement experts. Since this experience is very useful for other countries, the article takes a comprehensive look at the lessons they can learn from Guatemala's case. CICIG serves as a good example of new anti‐corruption tools and innovative agreements created under the aegis of the United Nations. The article argues that CICIG's expansion to other countries could constitute a new chapter in the global fight against corruption.