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Between 1900 and 1940, organized industry and the federal government, acting in conjunction with the states, created an American social welfare system. The two major participants in this process evolved along similar lines during this period. Both began as simple organizations and developed into complex, functional bureaucracies. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the federal government did not exist as a social welfare entity. Private corporations, the first to face the administrative and economic problems posed by the development of national markets, created social welfare systems for their employees long before the New Deal. Until the depression, these efforts enjoyed clear supremacy. By the end of the 1930s, however, a distinctly "public" social welfare bureaucracy and program had been developed on the federal level. Corporations and the state underwent similar changes but at different times, and the difference in timing influenced their relations. This essay describes the growth of these public and private bureaucracies and identifies their similarities and differences during the early twentieth century.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the meaning of fetishism within Marxist theory in order to show the potential of this dimension of Marxist theory for the critique of the social relations of the capitalist system. The historical specifi city of capitalist society is that all relations are traversed by the production and exchange of commodities, and that as a result of the material mediation of social relations, people have come to view these relations as properties of the things. In this way, there is set, behind the individuals, an independent power to which they are subordinate. Marx's critique is directed at this spontaneous perception of social agents and to the theories of political economy, which are developed on the forms of thinking that are suggested by these reified social relations. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el sentido que tiene el fetichismo dentro de la teoría de Marx y mostrar el potencial de esta dimensión de su teoría para la crítica de las relaciones sociales del sistema capitalista. La especificidad histórica de la sociedad capitalista es que todas las relaciones están atravesadas por la producción y el intercambio de mercancías, y esta mediación material de las relaciones sociales tiene como consecuencia que a las personas se les aparezcan sus relaciones como propiedades de las cosas. Se establece así, a espaldas de los individuos, un poder autónomo al que quedan subordinados. La crítica de Marx está dirigida a esta percepción espontánea de los agentes sociales y a las teorías de la economía política, que se levantan sobre las formas de pensamiento que surgen por sí mismas de estas relaciones sociales cosificadas.

The results of reforming the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are studied in terms of the degree of local self-government participation in solving regional development problems. Normative and legal acts, which introduced changes in the functioning of administrations in wartime and changed the procedure for budget planning and reporting, are singled out. The paper offers options for dividing the country into functional types of territories to stimulate their direct financing. Emphasis is placed on the established norm regarding the mandatory preparation of a development strategy for each community. Attention is focused on the need to strengthen interstate partnership in the process of post-war reconstruction of the country and the implementation of European experience in the legislative regulation of regional development. The possibility of applying the European concept «S3» in Ukraine as a policy of determining priorities for the development of regions on the basis of smart specialization is outlined. The changes in the sources of revenues to the local budgets of Ukraine and the directions of their use for the purposes of post-war reconstruction are clearly presented and substantiated. Incomes and expenditures of local budgets for 2018—2022 have been analyzed. The interbudgetary transfer line items are singled out with the provision of proposals for the implementation of the system of vertical-horizontal equalization of communities' capacity. The community sector's levers of influence on the processes of local budget funds allocation in order to strengthen social ties and increase the social capital of territorial communities are determined. An assessment of changes in the structure of local budgets' own revenues and in the composition of financed programs is carried out. Subsidization trends have been systematized and the subsidy level of community budgets has been determined. The advantages of the carried out budget decentralization reform and its next steps are argued. Proposals for measures to improve the communication policy in relations between state authorities, local self-government bodies and territorial communities are provided.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental presentar algunas variables como los cambios políticos ideológicos, voluntad política, pobreza, y la incidencia de estas en el sistema de seguridad social venezolano. La seguridad social es quizá la principal garantía con la que cuenta el ciudadano en general. Se utilizó, por medio de un eje teórico-interpretativo, la metodología documental prospectiva y la técnica de Matriz de Impacto Cruzado (MICMAC). Entre los hallazgos más importantes destacan algunas variables que fluctúan notablemente, en especial la burocracia, los cambios políticos e ideológicos, y la pobreza como factores condicionantes de la gestión pública. La pobreza avizora una repercusión negativa en la población y en la problemática de la implementación de la seguridad social del país. ; This research has as main objective to present some variables such as ideological political changes, political will, poverty, and the incidence of all these in Venezuelan social security system. Social security is perhaps the main guarantee that counts citizens in general. For this research it was used a theoretical and interpretative axis, documentary foresight methodology, and the technique of Cross-Impact Matrix (MICMAC). Among the most important findings highlight some variables which fluctuate considerably, especially the bureaucracy, political and ideological changes, and poverty as determinants of governance. Poverty envisions a negative impact on the population and on the issue of the implementation of social security. ; 74-95 ; frankrivas@ula.ve

As social work educators and students, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted our teaching and learning in challenging ways. We embarked on a qualitative research study to better understand the ways in which the pandemic was affecting the social work students in our program. Three faculty mentors worked collaboratively with five social work students across BSW, MSW, and PhD programs to interview 66 BSW and MSW students about their experiences, challenges, and hopes during the early months of the pandemic. BSW and MSW students led the analysis and early dissemination for the project. This essay describes the unique experiences of social work students by using a research poem to capture the emotional and experiential aspects of the students we interviewed.

Social Marketing may be seen as commercial marketing practices aimed to maximize social wellbeing. Nevertheless, there has been found a conceptual polarity in its classical definition. Thusly, this article has been focused on finding whether social marketing is related to induction or volunteerism. To do so, a theoretical essay was carried out with the aim of looking upon it in the light of the sociologic paradigms of Burrell and Morgan (1979). In such a context, schools of marketing thoughts were analyzed, and as well their main influences on the social marketing structures. Among the most noteworthy findings, social marketing is remarked as a behavior induction process that seeks to provide individuals with a perennial and self-adjusting stimulation, and classified as functionalist as it's been deeply rooted in the sociology of regulation.

This book describes ongoing developments in social media within the tourism and hospitality sector, highlighting impacts on both the demand and the supply side. It offers a combination of theory and practice, with discussion of real-life business experiences. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of recent trends in social media and user-generated content, clarifies concepts that are often used in an overlapping way and examines the "digitization of word of mouth" via online networks. The second part analyzes the impacts that social media can have on

Chapter 1: Emerging mHealth Ecosystems based on innovative technologies and services Vassileia Costarides, Kostas Giokas and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 2: Wearable Health Monitoring Systems: An overview of design research areas Amine Boulemtafes and Nadjib Badache Chapter 3: Citizen Engagement in the mHealth Ecosystem Using Mobiles and Wearable Devices Ioannis Kouris and Dimitrios Koutsouris Chapter 4: Innovative mHealth Ecosystems Dimitrios Tsoromokos, Zacharias Dermatis, Filippos Gozadinos and Athina Lazakidou Chapter 5: Mobile-Health Tool Use and Community Health Worker Performance in the Kenyan Context: A Comparison of Task-Technology Fit Perspectives Maradona C. Gatara < Chapter 6: Design of Wearable Health Monitoring Systems: An overview of techniques and technologies< Nadjib Badache and Amine Boulemtafes Chapter 7: M-Health ecosystem based of a non-invasive commercial hemodynamic monitoring system used for heart failure patients, as portable point of care Petros Toumpaniaris, Kostas Giokas and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 8: How Knowledge Flows Through Social Networks and Communities of Practice in a Healthcare Project Maria Tsouri, Kleopatra Alamantariotou, Ourania Pediaditaki, Vikentia Harizopoulou and Georgia Kontosorou Chapter 9: A context-aware social networking platform built around the needs of elderly users: The Go-myLife experience Maria Haritou, Athanasios Anastasiou, Maria Schwarz-Woelzl, Teresa Holocher-Ertl, Michael Mulquin, Idoia Olalde, Ioannis Kouris and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 10: Cost effectiveness in healthcare using social networks Stelios Zimeras Chapter 11: Social Networks and Web-based Applications in the Healthcare Sector Athina Lazakidou Chapter 12: Knowledge Sharing in Health Innovation Projects: Experiential Learning from Collaborating in a Project-Based Working Group Focusing in Knowledge Transfer in Maternity Services Best Practice (COST Projects IS 0907) Kleopatra Alamantariotou and Katerina Nicolopoulou Chapter 13: Social Networks Medical Image Steganography using Sub-Fibonacci Sequences Nikolaos G. Aroukatos, Kostas Manes and Stelios Zimeras Chapter 14: Studying the information behavior of healthcare professionals in a Greek private clinic using social networks models P. Kostagiolas, Stelios Zimeras, G. Alexias and Z. Siskou

How far does the present government's social policy represent the practical politics of the radical right? While some aspects of policy can be interpreted as the expression of the doctrines of new right political economists, other aspects display strong continuities with the practice of previous govern ments. The distinctive nature of the new right is most clearly displayed in political rhetoric and in qualitative aspects of policy. Electoral success sets the seal on a shift in political debate that has taken place through the seventies. The phenomenon of the growth of right-wing politics has been analysed at two levels: the structural level of the functional imperatives of the developing crisis of capitalism and the superstructural level of the capacity of ruling groups to construct the appropriate mass ideology — authoritarian populism. It is argued that any materialist account must attempt to link these two levels. The genesis of currents in popular con sciousness is of crucial importance to political shifts in democratic societies. It is suggested that the ideological basis to the trend to the right is both a lack of apprehension of solidaristic class interest and a growing conscious ness that available collective forms, like the welfare state, fail to serve perceived individual interests. The lived experience of state welfare has tended to make the individualism expressed in the new right plausible to many people.

Integrating information for the purpose of articulating social protection policies is hard work. It requires a combination of political will, capacity for institutional cooperation, software development and direct communication channels with citizens. Because of this complexity, countries that pursue this objective often cooperate to exchange knowledge, and the Brazilian Single Registry (Cadastro Único), the backbone of some 20 social protection programmes, is frequently cited as a successful example of integration. By sharing the experience of the Single Registry, this text discusses some of the essential elements required to design and operate such instruments of social policy integration. It brings to light some of the challenges that are still being faced to fulfil the promise of greater integration among social protection programmes and to provide greater ease of access and respect to citizens. [.]

ResumenEl texto analiza el alcance de la noción de universalidad en la titularidad de los derechos sociales contenidos en la Constitución argentina. Tras revisar la formulación de esa noción en el texto constitucional argentino y en los tratados de derechos humanos de igual jerarquía, el texto explora sus consecuencias respecto del diseño de políticas públicas, ponderando las modalidades focalizadas y condicionadas. Se propone revisar las políticas según su compatibilidad con el principio de universalidad. AbstractThe article analyzes the notion of universality in social rights entitlements under Argentina's Constitution. After reviewing how this notion is phrased in the Constitution and binding human rights treaties endowed with constitutional rank, the article looks into the effects of universality in public policy design, implementation and appraisal. In particular, the article assesses targeted and conditional policies. Finally, the text advocates a policy revision according to consistency with the principle of universality.