Suchergebnisse

Purpose
The study aims to explore the types of simulated games and gambling platforms used by adolescents, adolescent's experiences, motivations and behaviors vis-à-vis simulated gambling and the potential interrelationships between simulated and monetary forms gambling.


Design/methodology/approach
Data was obtained from a qualitative longitudinal panel study with three waves of individual interviews. A cohort of 51 young Danes, with varying levels of gambling involvement, were interviewed three times, with a 10-12 frequency from 2011 to 2014. In total, 149 interviews were conducted over the 4-year period.


Findings
Enjoying social interactional effects appeared to be the main reasons young people engage in simulated gambling games. The study documented characteristics of both a catalyst pathway and a containment pathway emphasizing that for some young people simulated gambling may increase the likelihood of involvement in real money gambling while it may decrease it for others.


Research limitations/implications
The sample was relatively limited and it involved participants from only one of the five Danish regions. The sample reflects the culture, rural/urban configuration and gambling market of a specific geographic region.


Practical implications
Some forms of simulated digital gambling may provide players with excitement and unrealistic conceptions of winning chances, which, in turn, may encourage participation in real forms of gambling. This may call for regulatory policies aiming at the structural features of simulated gambling products and their rapid global spread. Consumer campaigns aimed at both young people themselves and their parents may be considered.


Originality/value
Few studies have provided insights into the meanings and motivations of young people engaged in simulated gambling. The current study is among the first to explore adolescent's experiences, motivations and behaviors vis-à-vis simulated gambling and the potential interrelationships between simulated and monetary forms gambling.

Background:Mental illness results in a plethora of distressing issues, has tremendous socio-economic impact and causes socio-occupational dysfunction in the individual as well as the caregivers. There is a felt need to explore the disability caused by mental illness and the associated socio-economic impact at the population level in a developing nation like India.Aims:To elucidate the disability and socio-economic impact associated with mental illness at the individual and household levels for the state of Punjab in India.Method:This was a multisite cross-sectional study carried out during 2015–2016 (as a part of the National Mental Health Survey of India) in three districts and one urban metro area of Punjab. The sample was selected using multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, with random selection based on Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) at different stages. A validated set of questions was used to assess the socio-economic impact of mental illness and the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to document self-perceived disability among individuals with mental morbidity. Median (IQR) and proportions were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative data, respectivelyResults:Subjects with any mental morbidity reported disability of varying severities across different domains of life; family life was affected the most (70.1%). One in every six persons reported that their mental illness interfered with their daily activities to a large extent. Economic burden was high and a typical family would spend about INR 1500/month (US$23) towards the treatment of its member with mental morbidity. Family members had to forego their work for at least 7 days in 3 months to take care of their relative with mental illness.Conclusion:Mental illness causes disability in the individual and has tremendous socio-economic impact on the family, incapacitating a family's productivity to a large extent and thus affecting the society.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design and test a user satisfaction model to evaluate the contribution of biodiesel production and consumption to the sustainability of a semi-urban community in the Cowichan Valley in British Columbia Canada. This case study is part of a larger research study whose purpose is to create a model for an index of sustainable community production and consumption.


Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical approach selected was the national indices of consumer satisfaction models. The methodology was qualitative and quantitative, in-depth interviews were used to learn the opinion of active and non-active consumers of biodiesel. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with specialized software for qualitative studies. A structural equation model, whose innovation is the inclusion of the sustainability variables, was designed and analyzed with statistical technique partial least squares.


Findings
The designed model and methodology were useful to identify the principal cause variables of consumer satisfaction of biodiesel in two types of users: active users and non-active users. The determination coefficient R2 of the latent variables satisfaction and loyalty for the prediction of biodiesel active users model is 0.82 and 0.72, respectively, while the result for the non-active users model is 0.90 for satisfaction and 0.73 for loyalty. Sustainable consumption at community level is statistically significant as a direct cause of the variable sustainability of the community for both models, and in turn the sustainability of the community variable has a significant impact on loyalty for the active users model.


Originality/value
This case study is part of a larger research study whose purpose is to create a model for an index of sustainable community production and consumption which will be measured longitudinally to detect changes in the sustainable consumption of the community members.

Although the study of popular music heritage is rapidly becoming an established aspect of academic research, little attention has been focused on attempts made by groups of music fans to preserve aspects of their local popular music heritage when these are seen to come under threat. This article examines the 'Save the Palace' campaign in Melbourne, Australia, and argues that it provides an important illustration of the tenacity of local music fans when faced with the closure of an important venue, and their capacity to organise themselves into a cohesive campaign through social media technology. Through its examination of the online interactions that characterised the Save the Palace campaign, the article also facilitates an extension of the concept of the virtual scene beyond its more conventionally understood definition as a platform for fan discussion dedicated to a specific artist, genre or place. In the case of Save the Palace, a different manifestation of a scene is observed whereby fans of a broad range of artists and genres temporarily join forces online to protest against the threat to a specific aspect of their shared local music heritage. In this sense, Save the Palace also sheds significant light on how social media assist in giving a voice to competing discourses of cultural value. Thus, even as the Palace and countless other local music landmarks like it across the world are demolished to make way for new developments, their significance as important markers of local generational identity and belonging, and of emotionally inscribed urban identity, remains. Through their online sharing of personalised memories of the Palace as an iconic music venue, supporters of the Save the Palace campaign serve as a further example of how the internet has worked to broaden our understanding of the definition, nature and function of popular music heritage.

BackgroundCensuses are meant to provide a complete count and basic information about all households and individuals in a country. After decades of complacency, it has begun to be realised that this can no longer be guaranteed. Several of the presentations at the Edinburgh in March 2018 demonstrated methods which the ONS were developing to resolve many of the problems; but those methods do not solve the problem of those who, for a variety of reasons, cannot or do not want to be counted.
ObjectivesThis paper sets out to document the possible size of the 'hidden' populations in the UK and demonstrate that they are predominantly poor.
Methods (including data)Estimates of the numbers are provided (globally and in the UK) in difficult-to-reach categories: homeless/street children, care homes/hospitals, military, prisons, refugees and illegal immigrants, gypsies/travellers, urban slums.With the exception of the military, the majority in each group are poor.
FindingsThe paper then reviews approaches to counting and describing the various categories:

grosso modo, those in institutions can already be headcounted but apart from relevant institutional status, gender and perhaps age, we have no other information about them; but the main problem is that, in many cases, there is potential double counting with their (temporarily) broken household.
for both Refugees/ Illegal immigrants and Gypsy/ Traveller Population, the main problem is the reluctance of the former to complete forms or be interviewed and of the latter to acknowledge their own ethnic identity
in high rise blocks where lifts are not always working, there will certainly be some unsurveyed and uncensored people; and the Grenfell Towers experience shows that there is not always a secure count of the numbers

ConclusionsThe issue of 'hidden' or missing populations in the UK has to be taken much more seriously.

BackgroundThe risk of an unintended, potentially unwanted, pregnancy is related to whether or not a woman uses any method of contraception and which method she uses. We do not know if, or how, contraceptive use in Northern Ireland (NI) varies by age or deprivation. If, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, the younger and most disadvantaged are least likely to use contraception, or to use effective methods of contraception, they will be at increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy.
ObjectivesTo describe the use of prescribed contraceptives in NI and explore how this varies based on a woman's age and the deprivation in the area in which she lives. As the prescriber plays a critical role in determining medication use we will also explore how the use of prescribed contraceptives varies based on characteristics of the woman's general practice (GP) such as size of practice, urban/rural practice location and practice area deprivation.
MethodA population based cohort study, is being conducted through the Honest Broker Service, linking the GP Register to the Enhanced Prescribing database and 2017 NI Multiple Deprivation Measure for all females of reproductive age 2010-2016.
Research based on administrative data is free from recall and social desirability bias, which may be present in surveys of contraceptive use. Administrative data cannot however identify use of over-the-counter contraceptives.
FindingsThis project is still in progress and results will be available by the time of the conference. Based on the NI Statistics and Research Agency Mid-Year Population Estimates and the Business Services Organisation Pharmaceutical statistics there were an estimated 472,875 females between the ages of 12 and 49 living in NI 2010-2016 with 2,316,075 prescriptions for a contraceptive.
ConclusionsAdministrative data should be regularly analysed to understand contraceptive use patterns, and address inequalities.

BackgroundBetter estimates of workers' willingness to pay to reduce commutes can help evaluate transport policy as well as innovations in workplace organisation implemented by firms (such as telecommuting). These measures could facilitate the employment of workers with care responsibilities by reducing commuting cost.
ObjectivesWe estimate female workers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce commuting distance in Germany in a partial-equilibrium model of job search with non-wage job attributes. We consider heterogeneity by parenthood, regional structure and part-time status of workers and are moreover able to explore the role of housing cost, childcare and intra-household interactions for subsamples of the data.
Methods and DataWe use national insurance data based on a 10\% sample of the German labour force including daily information on job spells, personal and job characteristics and residential and workplace post codes between 2000 and 2013 (a customised version of the ``Integrated Employment Biographies'' provided by the Institute of Employment Research, IAB). Taking advantage of the longitudinal structure of the data, our analysis uses a stratified Cox model to take better account of unobserved individual heterogeneity than the previous literature has been able to do. We control for housing costs using additional data on rents at the county level.
FindingsWe find a substantial gender gap in marginal willingness to pay for reduced commuting distance between men and women which is not explained by individual unobserved heterogeneity. When women have their first child, their willingness to pay increases further. Preliminary results suggest that heterogeneity between urban, conurbational and rural areas in Germany plays a minor role in determining women's willingness to pay.
ConclusionsSubstantial gender and motherhood gaps in implicit commuting cost provide an important link between the household and labour market in understanding gender and job choice, with implications for gender-sensitive labour market policy.

Purpose
In China, rural-to-urban migrant workers who are from the same place of origin tend to concentrate in the same workplace. If the concentration is sufficiently dense, it means that these migrant workers build up a social network which could be defined as native place enclave (NPE). In this paper, the authors discussed whether there are behavioral differences between enclave workers and non-enclave workers when they have conflicts with their employers.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors put two questions to empirical tests. First, do enclave workers experience less sense of deprivation than non-enclave workers? Second, compared to non-enclave workers, are enclave workers more willing to participate in collective action against their employers? Using data from a survey of migrant workers in Pearl River Delta and Yangzi River Delta in 2010, the authors made a comparison between enclave workers and non-enclave workers with respect to sense of deprivation and willingness-to-participate by using a propensity score matching method.


Findings
The authors found that the relationship between NPE and sense of deprivation was negative, so was the relationship between NPE and willingness-to-participate. Meanwhile, the two relationships were stronger than what had been found after the propensity score matching method was used.


Practical implications
The results implied that employers can reduce labor conflicts by using NPE to mitigate migrant workers' sense of deprivation and by lowering the risk of their collective actions. In this way, NPE may contribute to the upkeep of workplace order and even social order.


Originality/value
There have been hot debates on how NPE would affect migrant workers' collective action. Resource mobilization theory pointed out that NPE was positively related to workers' collective action while production politics theory held an opposite view. Our findings provided empirical evidences for the debates.

Abstract
In this paper is investigating correlation between land surface temperature and vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 - EVI2 and Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index - MSAVI) using Landsat images for august, the warmest month, for study area. Iaşi county is considered as study area in this research. Study Area is geographically situated on latitude 46°48'N to 47°35'N and longitude 26°29'E to 28°07'E. Land surface temperature (LST) can be used to define the temperature distribution at local, regional and global scale. First use of LST was in climate change models. Also LST is use to define the problems associated with the environment. A Vegetation Indices (VI) is a spectral transformation what suppose spatial-temporal intercomparisons of terrestrial photosynthetic dynamics and canopy structural variations. Landsat5 TM, Landsat7 ETM+ and Landsat8 OLI, all data were used in this study for modeling. Landsat images was taken for august 1994, 2006 and 2016. Preprocessing of Landsat 5/7/8 data stage represent that process that prepare images for subsequent analysis that attempts to compensate/correct for systematic errors. It was observed that the "mean" parameter for LST increased from 1994 to 2016 at approximately 5°C. Analyzing the data from VI, it can be assumed that the built-up area increased for the Iasi county, while the area occupied by dense vegetation has decreased. Many researches indicated that between LST and VI is a linear relationship. It is noted that the R2 values for the LST-VI correlations decrease from 1994 (i.g.R2= 0.72 for LST-NDVI) in 2016 (i.g.R2= 0.23 for LST-NDVI). In conclusion, these correlation can be used to study vegetation health, drought damage, and areas where Urban Heat Island can occur.

This essay responds to Donna J. Haraway's (2016) provocation to 'stay with the trouble' of learning to live well with nonhumans as kin, through practice-based approaches to learning to care for nonhuman others. The cases examine the promotion of care for trees through mobile game apps for forest conservation, and kinship relations with city farm animals in Kentish Town, London. The cases are analysed with a view to how they articulate care practices as a means of making kin. Two concepts are proposed, 'learning from' and 'facing' the Other, which are thickened through discussions of how caring takes place in each case in relation to a particular category of nonhuman other: animated tree and urban farm animal. Thus while attendant to situations of care involving a specific nonhuman subject, the cases also broker thinking on learning from and facing (the) other kinds of trees and animals, and the interspecies dynamics of which they are a part. The intersectional implications of the practice sites and participants are elaborated, to complexify and affirm situated but also reflexive approaches to caring. In doing this, the authors attend to their own positionalities, seeking to diversify Western-based ecofeminist engagements with caring, while asking what their research can do for the nonhuman other. They formulate and apply a collaborative methodological approach to the case studies, developed through cultivating attentiveness to the nonhuman subject of research. The authors consider in particular how attentiveness to the nonhuman other can facilitate practices of knowing that further a non-anthropocentric and non-innocent ethic of caring. By further interconnecting situations of caring for nonhuman animals and plants, the authors advocate for practices of care that antagonise how species boundaries are drawn and explore the implications for learning to care for nonhumans as kin.

This is a collaborative ethnographic research project that highlights the artistic, literary contributions of racially diverse young men. It uses Critical Race Theory to question conventional, Eurocentric educational approaches that historically and currently continue to suppress various socially and culturally learned modes of communication. This article presents two research projects in urban and suburban formal and informal educational institutions to highlight multimodal literary approaches. The first project is an amalgamation of two critical, ethnographic case studies that explores how racially diverse young men express their literacy through rap and spoken word poetry. The second project uses ethnographic methods to observe racially diverse young men's production of films and photographs in high school, community centers, and art gallery spaces. This study uses visual methods coupled with affect and sensory-laden approaches to collect data and conduct an analysis. The article reflects on conversations surrounding young men, particularly racialized young men, their relationship with literacy, and how these conversations are founded on their failure and deficit language about their literacy repertoires. We believe that such research is closely tied with other social justice themes and modes of inquiry. This article steers away from the ways racialized young men do not use literacy, and focuses instead on the ways that they do use literacy. Their literacy practices are predominantly visual in nature, frequently accompanied by other modes such as words and moving images. Fitting within the scope of the special issue on social justice and visual methods, we argue for a greater acknowledgement and analytical gaze on sensory and affective nuances within visual research. This approach adds texture and volume to interpreting racialized young men's narratives. Interrogating their visuals and talking through their narratives that have agentive qualities gives both researchers an awareness of young men's emotional worlds, and how the visual allows for sense-laden, agentive meaning-making.

General problem ofhomeless and beggras in fact closely related to the security problems that disrupt good order and discipline and keamanan in urban areas. With the expansions of the homeless and beggars will provide opportuneties for the emergance of unexpected disturbance of peace and order, which i turn woild disrupt the stability to be disrupted development and national ambitions can not be astablished. In this case civil service policy is most responsible agency because they were on duty apparatuses assits local government in maintaining the District Head and maintain public order and Security society, upholding the District Rules and Regulation of the District Head. Based on the homeless and beggars in the city of Pekanbaru, as well as know the Policy Unit blockers factor in regulating civil service homaless and beggars. The method used is descriptive, qualitative and quantitative; Samples that as descriptive data analysis, qualitative and quantitative. This study concluded that based on the results of research that has been done, then the concluded of researchers on the role of Civil Service Police Unit in the discipline vagrants and beggars in the city of Pekanbaru is "Good Enough". Barriers found in this study is the absence of regulations governing theparticulars of vagrants and beggars, while the current police authority of the Civil Service in the city of Pekanbaru to crub vagrants and beggars who violate public onder just based on the Rules of Pekanbaru City Regionel Public Order so that it this makes the role of the Civil Service Pekanbaru City police are very limited. Also still weak coordination between the police civil service with the Departement of Social Pekanbaru is also a very in fluuetial factor in determining the role of the Civil Service Pekanbaru City police in maintaining public orde in the city of Pekanbaru.

The ethnographical study of the social effects of toxic-associated diseases from industrial activity can illuminate the ways in which environmental inequalities are intimately embodied, giving an idea of the social implications of those (in) visible markers of disadvantage. What are the social effects of carrying a pollution landscape in the body? I will return to Lock's concept of local biology, which synthesizes the way biology differs by culture, diet, and the environment, and the stigmatized biology concept of Horton and Baker that incorporates a subject's position in the social structure. When we look at a body we can discover marks and intuit what caused them, what landscape that body inhabits and what is its place (social belonging) in the city. In this respect, Meneses' definition of the dimension of the visible in a visual regime also matters: the visible is the dimension that surrounds the domain of power and control, seeing or being seen, showing oneself or not, the visibility or invisibility. The particular combination of the concepts of landscape, embodiment and stigmatized biology mediated by the concept of visual regime, proposed here, could help to understand some of the symbolic ways of reproducing social exclusion in the city and facilitate the analysis of the bodily dimension in the studies of pollution flows in the urban political ecology field. ; El estudio etnográfico de los efectos sociales de las enfermedades asociadas a tóxicos provenientes de la actividad industrial puede iluminar las vías por las que las desigualdades ambientales están íntimamente corporalizadas, dando una idea de las implicaciones sociales de esos marcadores (in)visibles de desventaja.¿Cuáles son los efectos sociales de cargar en el cuerpo un paisaje de contaminación? Retomaré el concepto de biología local de Lock, que sintetiza la forma en que la biología difiere por la cultura, la dieta y el medio ambiente y el concepto de biología estigmatizada de Horton y Baker que incorpora a la posición de un sujeto en la ...

The article analyzes the web portals of the 51 municipalities of the state of Nuevo León in Mexico, as well as the use of information technologies and communications in government management. It shows the importance and evolution of ICT in the services provided by the public administration of these municipalities, and how through these instruments the Government seeks to innovate and integrate citizens through electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets or monitors, etc., thus evolving to an Open Government, generating transparency, accountability, citizen participation and collaboration between different actors, seeking a double way of communicating with citizens. A descriptive method was used in this document to classify the web portals of all the municipalities and it was determined that the impact of ICT in urban areas was innovative and effectively contributed to the development of a New Public Management where the citizen actively participates; however, the participation of users in the regions farthest from the state capital was moderate due to the limitations in the infrastructure of some municipalities. ; El artículo analiza los portales web de los 51 municipios del estado de Nuevo León en México, así como el uso de las tecnologías de información y las comunicaciones en la gestión gubernamental. Se muestra la importancia y evolución de las (TIC) en el servicio que presta la administración pública de dichos municipios, y cómo por medio de estos instrumentos el Gobierno busca innovar e integrar a la ciudadanía por medio de aparatos electrónicos tales como el celular, tablets o monitores, etcétera, evolucionando así a un Gobierno Abierto generando transparencia, rendición de cuentas, participación ciudadana y colaboración entre distintos actores buscando con ello una doble vía de comunicación con la ciudadanía. El método utilizado en el presente documento fue el método descriptivo para clasificar los portales web de todos los municipios y se determinó que el impacto que tienen las TIC en las zonas ...

Este artículo analiza los factores estratégicos que resultaron en el fracaso de la campaña guerrillera lanzada por el Che Guevara en Bolivia en los años 1966 y 1967. El artículo examina los errores estratégicos cometidos por el Che, que resultaron en el aislamiento rural y urbano de la guerrilla, y su desconexión del entorno político boliviano. Entre ellos, la elección de Bolivia como lugar para establecer un foco revolucionario, la decisión de comenzar la campaña en el sureste del país, o la incapacidad de Guevara para recabar apoyos en la izquierda boliviana o el movimiento minero. Asimismo, se valora cómo el contexto internacional de la época, con la ruptura sino-soviética en ciernes y una creciente influencia estadounidense en Latinoamérica, afectaron al desarrollo de los acontecimientos. El artículo concluye que la fallida campaña del Che demostró la inviabilidad de exportar la teoría del foco insurgente a un escenario diferente al de Cuba ; This article analyses the strategic factors that resulted in the failure of the guerrilla campaign launched by Che Guevara in Bolivia in the years 1966 and 1967. The article examines the strategic miscalculations committed by Che, which resulted in the rural and urban isolation of the guerrillas, as well as their disconnection from the Bolivian political spectrum. Among these miscalculations, the choice of Bolivia as the place to launch a revolutionary foco, the decision to start the campaign in the southeast of the country, or the inability of Guevara to gather support from the Bolivian left or the miners movement. The paper also weighs up on how the international context of the time, with the Sino-Soviet split and a growing American influence in Latin America, affected the course of events. The article concludes that the failed revolution of Che in Bolivia proved the unfeasibility of exporting the insurgency theory of the foco to a scenario different from that of Cuba