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Incidents of self-harm present significant concerns in correctional facilities. Purpose: Developing interventions to address self-injury is beneficial to individuals who are incarcerated as well as the security personnel in charge of their care and custody. Method: Four 6-week animal-assisted dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills groups were provided to men and women incarcerated in a jail. Each group integrated two therapy dogs while participants utilized a workbook to assist in the application of DBT skills. A total of 23 participants completed the program. Results: Participants demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in self-harming behaviors. Discussion: All participants indicated that the presence of therapy dogs was helpful as they provided comfort/support, calming/coping, and focus. The receptivity to groups and the results offer support for enhancing treatment in correctional facilities.

Post-colonial theories bear two perspectives. First, Said argues that the ideological and concrete framework of ideology and colonial knowledge stands firmly, neatly, and perfectly without any crack that remains entrenched. Bhabha argues that the building of ideology and colonial knowledge full of cracks necessitates the creative opportunity of creating hybrid traditions and cultures that are not merely extensions of the colonial army, but also not the real bumiputera: ambiguity and ambivalence.This article, tracking the identity politics that construct a subculture with a particular lifestyle through the creation of Animal Pop Dance choreography. An Indonesian hip hop which is a hybridization process of hip hop grown in the United States by Africa-America is mixed with three local Indonesian dance (Javanese, Sundanese, Papuan) traditions of animal behavior. The results show Animal Pop Dance is a hybrid tradition and culture that aspires to escape from the grip of dichotomous thinking patterns in post-colonial contexts.Teori paska-kolonial melahirkan dua perspektif. Pertama, Said berpendapat kerangka-beton ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial berdiri kokoh, rapi, dan sempurna tanpa retakan yang masih bercokol utuh. Bhabha berpendapat bangunan ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial penuh retakan meniscayakan peluang kreatif menciptakan tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang bukan sekadar kepanjangan tangan kolonial semata, akan tetapi juga bukanlah bumiputera yang sesungguhnya: ambiguitas dan ambivalen. Artikel ini, pelacakan terhadap politik identitas yang mengkonstruksi sebuah subbudaya dengan gaya hidup tertentu melalui penciptaan koreografi Animal Pop Dance. Suatu hip hop Indonesia yang merupakan proses hibridisasi hibrid dari hip hop yang tumbuh di Amerika Serikat oleh kalangan Africa-America dicampuradukan dengan tiga tari tradisi lokal Indonesia (Jawa, Sunda, Papua) bertema perilaku binatang. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan Animal Pop Dance adalah tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang berhasrat melepaskan diri dari cengkeraman pola berpikir dikotomi dalam konteks paska-kolonial. Keywords: politic of identity, animal pop dance, subculture, lifestyle, hybrid

Laboratory animal science is the use of non-human animals in experiments to obtain new knowledge and new technologies in biomedical research and testing. In order to develop science and technology, the human carried out a large number of animal experiments, these experiments greatly expanded the vision of related research field, and make a great contribution to human beings. Meanwhile, animal experiments also bring us a certain extent of negative effects. Countries around the world have adopted legislative measures to regulate behavior of animal experiments, but in the process of legislation and enforcement are not wholly satisfactory. On the basis of present situation of laboratory animal science and existing problems, with the comparison of animal welfare act between Europe and China, the author puts forward the ideas of perfecting experimental animals' laws and its enforcement proposals.

Why do females in male-philopatric species seem to show larger variation in their life history strategies than males in female-philopatric species? Why did females in human societies come to show enormous variation in the patterns of marriage, residence and mating activities? To tackle these important questions, this book presents the latest knowledge about the dispersing females in male-philopatric non-human primates and in human societies. The non-human primates that are covered include muriquis, spider monkeys, woolly monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and some species of colobine monkeys. In these non-human primate species females typically leave their natal group before sexual maturation and start reproduction in other groups into which they immigrate. However, there is a large variation as some females may breed in their natal group with some risks of inbreeding with their male relatives and some females may associate with males of multiple groups at the same time after leaving their natal group. Such variation seems to provide better strategies for reproduction depending on local circumstances. Although knowledge about female dispersal patterns and life history is indispensable for understanding the dynamic structure of primate societies, it is still not known how females behave after leaving their natal groups, how many groups they visit before finally settling down and which kinds of groups they choose to immigrate into, due to the large variation and flexibility and the difficulty of tracking females after natal dispersal. To encourage further progress in this important field, this volume provides new insights on evolution of female dispersal by describing factors influencing variations in the dispersal pattern across primates and a hypothesis for the formation of human families from the perspectives of female life history. This

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is the North Western Province of Pakistan lying between 31° 15′ and 36°57′ North latitude and 69° 5′ and 74° 7′ East longitude. It covers a land area of 74,521 Km2. Great altitudinal range (174–7690 m) diverse temperatures (sub zero to 51°C) and varied rainfall (100–1200 mm) have given rise to a great diversity in habitat with an equally diverse fauna. The Province inhabits 100 species of mammals, 456 species of birds, 48 species of reptiles and 4500 species of plants. Chiroptera is one of the least studied mammalian order in KP. Tall hollow trees, old haunted buildings, inhospitable rock crevices and deep dark caves comprising critical bat habitat are perhaps a valid reason for limited research and studies on bats. Myths and bad omens associated with the nocturnal behavior of bats play an important role in keeping away the non-serious researchers. Literature search reveals that Chiroptera fauna of KP comprises of 4 families, 13 genera, and 29 species. These bats recorded in KP include fruit bats, mouse-tailed bats, vampire bats, horseshoe bats, leaf nosed bats, house bats, serotine bats and pipistrelle bats. This species diversity is a result of diversified habitat and the overlap of Oriental and Palearctic zoogeographic regions in the province. Conservation status of bats in KP is highly unsatisfying. A number of threats loom around bats. These include habitat loss, scarcity of food, slow rate of reproduction, and depredation by animals and birds, killing for medicine, high tension electric transmission lines, killing by fruit farmers, lack of awareness and absence of conducive conservation policy at Government level. The study recommends comprehensive bat research and surveys, habitat analysis, reconfirmation of bat taxonomy, development of bat call library and conservation awareness campaign. The Government of KP should conduct an analysis of the bat distribution, status and adapt a conservation and management policy for bats. The bats should accordingly be listed in the KP Wildlife Law 2015.

Urban and peri-urban livestock farming has been expanding in recent decades due to high demand for animal proteins to feed the growing urban population. The increase in number of livestock and livestock keepers has led to increased manure production in a shrinking space. This chapter evaluates the risks of transmission of manure-borne pathogen between cattle, humans and the environment in urban and peri-urban areas. Cattle and manure management practices, government directives, the presence of zoonotic pathogens and risk of bacteria transmission were assessed by observations, interviews, bacteria isolation and characterization and statistical modeling. Cattle are kept under intensive and extensive systems. Different techniques are used to collect, convey, store and dispose manure, all of which lead to direct contact with humans. The prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in cattle and water was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.99–3.67) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.025–2.44), respectively. There was transmission of bacteria between cattle, humans and the environment in 52% of clusters. Cattle and manure management practices expose humans, livestock and the environment to risk of infection or contamination. Holistic approach can be adopted in this scenario to attain one health status and improve urban and peri-urban livestock contribution to community livelihood simultaneously.

The main objective of the present study was to characterize sex differences in the temporal discrimination and activity level of an animal model of attention deficit disorder (ADD) using a conjunctive 120-s variable interval 16-s differential reinforcement of low rate (VIDRL) schedule of reinforcement. The results showed that the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) male was generally hyperactive and that the SHR female was both hyperactive and had severe time discrimination problems. The latter caused relatively fewer reinforcers to be delivered. However, even when a reinforcer was delivered, the SHR female frequently failed to collect it. When the SHR females were in diestrus, their behavior became even less efficient. The present findings with the animal model seem to be in general agreement with the behavior of ADD children when a DRL schedule is used. Most of our results were explained as due to impulsiveness, which is more pronounced in the SHR female than in the male. In addition, the SHR female had attention problems. The present study further supports the usefulness of the SHR as animal model of ADD.

This book contains 16 chapters on the measurement and assessment of animal welfare. Topics include the social and ethical aspects of animal welfare, standards and scoring systems for assessing welfare on farms and abattoirs, good stockmanship and improvement of handling procedures to reduce stress and benefit the animals, painful surgical procedures and welfare during transport of livestock and poultry, wellbeing and behavioural needs of animals in farms, improvement of welfare during slaughter in abattoirs with auditing programmes, recommended euthanasia practices, the economic impact on animal welfare, practical approaches for improving welfare, methods for improving the welfare of working/draught animals, technology transfer of behavioural and welfare research to farms and abattoirs and the importance of behavioural needs of animals. An index and a list of useful websites are also included. This book will be useful to students and animal welfare specialist trainees, as well as for veterinarians, managers and animal scientists to implement effective practical programmes to improve animal welfare.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- 1 Multispecies Northern Worlds: Reimagining Human-Animal Relations in the Circumpolar North -- 2 Weasels, Seals, Bears, and Sculpins: Late Dorset Miniature Carvings as Indicators of Individual Hunter-Prey Relationships -- 3 Manufacturing Reality: Inuit Harvesting Depictions and the Domestication of Human-Animal Relations -- 4 Whales, Whaling, and Relational Networks in the Western Arctic -- 5 On the Long-Term Cultural Significance of the Traditional Yup'ik Walrus Hunt at Round Island (Qayassiq), Bristol Bay, Alaska -- 6 Fishy Relations? Human-Fish Engagement in the Norwegian Late Mesolithic (6300-3900 BCE) -- 7 "Most Beautiful Favorite Reindeer": Osteobiographies of Reindeer at a Sámi Offering Site in Northern Fennoscandia -- 8 Living with Birds in Northwestern Siberia: Birds and Bird Imagery at Ust'-Polui -- Afterword: Storytelling Animals: Human-Nonhuman Relationships in the Arctic -- Index.

Evolutionary biology of behavior and animal psychology are often regarded as separate disciplines. However, both fields depend strongly on each other. Examples of field studies of an ant navigation system and the fighting behavior of a spider are used to illustrate the interrelatedness of animal psychology and behavioral ecology. Both studies are based on research in the natural habitat. Yet, even one who knows this habitat well cannot analyze the evolution of observed behavior patterns without making basic assumptions about the animal's psychology. These assumptions relate to the animal's capability of information processing and the structural organization of this processing. The concept of strategic analysis in evolutionary game theory makes it an obligatory task to state such assumptions. Strategic analysis at the phenotypic level is well founded in population genetics theory despite its apparent lack of taking genetics into account. It helps to bridge the gap between psychology and evolutionary biology.

While it is generally accepted that animal welfare matters morally, it is less clear how to morally evaluate the ending of an animal's life. It seems to matter for the animal whether it experiences pain or pleasure, or enjoyment or suffering. But does it also matter for the animal whether it lives or dies? Is a longer life better for an animal than a shorter life? If so, under what conditions is this so, and why is this the case? Is it better for an animal to live rather than never to be born at all? The Ethics of Killing Animals addresses these value-theoretical questions about animal life, death and welfare. It also discusses whether and how answers to these questions are relevant for our moral duties towards animals. Is killing animals ever morally acceptable and, if so, under what conditions? Do animals have moral rights, such as the right to life and should they be accorded legal rights? How should our moral duties towards animals inform our individual behavior and policy-making? This volume presents a collection of contributions from major thinkers in ethics and animal welfare, with a special focus on the moral evaluation of killing animals.