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In comparison with other ethnic groups in the U.S., the Arab-American community has received little study. In part this is due, no doubt, to its relatively small size, which is estimated to be about one and one half to two millions. Recently however, there has been an ethnic revival in the urban areas of the U.S. It became obvious in the late '60s and early '70's that many members of ethnic groups had not "melted", had not lost their pride and cultural values, and that some had been forced to be ashamed of their foreign origin in public, and lived in a form of dual existence. The politics of ethnicity, always a part of the American class and political structure, also became more publically discussed in the 1960s. In large part this was due to the success of the Black expressions of identity and unity, but in the case of the Middle Eastern Arab communities, it was also in response to the conflicts in the Mid-East, and to the U.S. policies in relation to those conflicts. The heavy governmental support of the expanding settler state of Israel, and the inability to find expression of the Arab side through the mass media caused a growing alienation from U.S. policies and a new feeling of cultural and political awareness. This was particularly true after the 1967 Mid-East War, and more recently as a result of such a policy as Operation Boulder, a special surveillance policy instituted by President Nixon which specifically included Arab "ethnics." The October War and the oil situation has also added a new and different dimension. It should be added, that in certain of the social sciences, there is a renewed emphasis upon migration studies, both in the national and international context.

In 2017, Oregon passed House Bill 2845 requiring Ethnic Studies curriculum in grades K–12. It was the first state in the nation to do so. The bill passed almost fifty years after the founding of the country's first Ethnic Studies department. The passage of an Ethnic Studies bill in a state that once banned African Americans and removed Indigenous peoples from their land requires further examination. In addition, the bill mandates that Ethnic Studies curriculum in Oregon's schools includes "social minorities," such as Jewish and LGBTQ+ populations which makes the bill even more remarkable. As such, it is conceivable for some observers, a watered-down version of its perceived original intent—one that focuses on racial and ethnic minorities. Similarly, one can draw analogies to the revision of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 when it included women as a protected group. Grounded in a socio-political history that otherwise would not have been included, this essay examines the productive and challenging aspect of HB 2845. Framing the bill so it includes racial, ethnic, and social minorities solved the problem of a host of bills that may not have passed on their own merit while simultaneously and ironically making it easier to pass similar bills.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Hybrid Subjectivities -- Chapter One: Foundational Blackness and the Racial State of Expendability -- Chapter Two: Black Gold and Brown Bodies: Early Baytown -- Chapter Three: Subjectivities, Chopped and Screwed: Neoliberalism and Its Aftermath -- Chapter Four: Rodney King en Español: Baytown's Activist Awakening -- Conclusion: Moral Witnesses and Mother 'Hoods -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. Toward a New History of the Centuries: On the Early Writings of W. E. B. Du Bois -- The Afro- American (ca. 1894) -- The Conservation of Races (1897) -- Strivings of the Negro People (1897) -- The Study of the Negro Problems (1897) -- Appendix: Résumé of the Discussion of the Negro Problems (1897) -- The Present Outlook for the Dark Races of Mankind (1900) -- The Spirit of Modern Eu rope (ca. 1900) -- The Freedmen's Bureau (1901) -- The Relation of the Negroes to the Whites in the South (1901) -- The Talented Tenth (1903) -- The Development of a People (1904) -- Sociology Hesitant (ca. 1905) -- Die Negerfrage in den Vereinigten Staaten (The Negro Question in the United States) (1906) -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 "No Small Amount of Change Could Do" -- 2 What "the Cause" Needs Is a "Brainy and Energetic Woman" -- 3 From Communist Politics to Black Power -- 4 Shirley Graham Du Bois -- 5 "A Life History of Being Rebellious" -- 6 Framing the Panther -- 7 Revolutionary Women, Revolutionary Education -- 8 Must Revolution Be a Family Affair? -- 9 Retraining the Heartworks -- 10 "Women's Liberation or . . . Black Liberation, You're Fighting the Same Enemies" -- 11 To Make That Someday Come -- 12 Denise Oliver and the Young Lords Party -- 13 Grassroots Leadership and Afro-Asian Solidarities -- 14 "We Do Whatever Becomes Necessary" -- About the Contributors -- Index

The author reflects on his participation in the Asian American Political Alliance and involvement in the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley in 1969, as well as the development and challenges with Asian American Studies and Ethnic Studies.

The article presents the development and current state of American Studies in Poland as a discipline, starting with its historic and political background, through institutional foundations, to current research and teaching, especially from the social scientific perspective. The article argues that American Studies went from virtual absence in Stalinist Poland to post-1989 rapid expansion and continues to attract students despite the lack of institutional and disciplinary independence. Even though it is mostly affiliated to English programs, it continues to go outside the boundaries of the traditional approaches of history and literature to include cultural studies, political science, sociology, communication, and law.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction. Peculiar Citizenships -- One. Freedom in a Bondsmaid's Arms Sally Hemings, Thomas Jefferson, and the Persistence of African American Memory -- Two. The Milder and More Amusing Phases of Slavery Uncle Tom's Cabin and Black Satire -- Three. A Race of Angels (Trans)Nationalism, African American Tourism, and the Slave Forts -- Four. What Have We Done to Weigh So Little on Their Scale Mnemonic Restitution and the Aesthetics of Racial Reparations -- Epilogue. The President's House, Freedom, and Slavery in the Age of Obama -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index