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This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Human Biomonitoring of Environmental and Occupational Exposures ; Study Protocol ; Workers involved in the processing of electronic waste (e-waste) are potentially exposed to toxic chemicals. If exposure occurs, this may result in uptake and potential adverse health effects. Thus, exposure surveillance is an important requirement for health risk management and prevention of occupational disease. Human biomonitoring by measurement of specific biomarkers in body fluids is considered as an effective method of exposure surveillance. The aim of this study is to investigate the internal exposure of workers processing e-waste using a human biomonitoring approach, which will stimulate improved work practices and contribute to raising awareness of potential hazards. This exploratory study in occupational exposures in e-waste processing is part of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). Here we present a study protocol using a cross sectional survey design to study worker's exposures and compare these to the exposure of subjects preferably employed in the same company but with no known exposure to industrial recycling of e-waste. The present study protocol will be applied in six to eight European countries to ensure standardised data collection. The target population size is 300 exposed and 150 controls. Biomarkers of exposure for the following chemicals will be used: chromium, cadmium and lead in blood and urine; brominated flame retardants and polychlorobiphenyls in blood; mercury, organophosphate flame retardants and phthalates in urine, and chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury in hair. In addition, the following effect biomarkers will be studied: micronuclei, epigenetic, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and telomere length in blood and metabolomics in urine. Occupational hygiene sampling methods (airborne and settled dust, silicon wristbands and handwipes) and contextual information will be collected to facilitate the interpretation of the biomarker results and discuss exposure mitigating interventions to further reduce exposures if needed. This study protocol can be adapted to future European-wide occupational studies. ; This work has received external funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 733032 and received co-funding from the author's organizations and/or Ministries. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Box 4068, Santa Barbara, CA ; Booklet from the CSDI containing an interview conducted with Buchanan by Lyford. ; Date is approximate

Box 4068, Santa Barbara, CA ; Booklet from the CSDI containing an interview of Hutchins conducted by Lyford.

The purpose of the study was to identify the key descriptors of a definition of technology and curricular organizers for use in the study of technology. Seven panels were used for the three round Delphi to identify the key descriptors and curricular organizers. The panels included: (1) technology educators, (2) philosophers of education, (3) philosophers of technology, (4) historians of technology, (5) anthropologists of technology, (6) futurists, (7) industrialists/business leaders. A Thurstone and Chave Method of Equal Appearing Intervals was used to assign scale and Q values to each item ranked in the Q sort. An 80th centile was used for an item to achieve a consensus. The results of both research questions were rank ordered based on scale value from highest to lowest. Fourteen key descriptors of a definition of technology obtained a consensus. These are innovation; invention; creative; extends human capabilities (physical, social ,and intellectual); a process (change, individual, corporate, design, creative, and systematic); extension of human potential; problem solving; purposeful human manipulation of the material world; closely linked to science but not simply applied science, body of knowledge; used to solve problems and create opportunities; played an important role in the emergence of Homo sapiens; a system of tools, knowledge, and behaviors associated with the exploitation of environments; and has social, economic, political, and environmental impacts. Seven curricular organizers achieved a consensus. These are problem solving; process organizers (creativity, enterprise, systems, inventions, and problem solving); the process of technology; design and innovation; research and development; and awareness of implications and potential of technology (health, food, communication, production, and control). ; Ed. D.

At head of title: 95th Congress, 2d session. Senate committee print no. 29. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The defining characteristics of the case study method are specified, & it is distinguished from other methods available for research on social movements, emphasizing its particular empirical & theoretical utility. Some basic procedural guidelines for conducting case studies & for analyzing the data derived from them are outlined. The case study is deemed especially valuable for social movement research because it is a triangulated method with the ability to generate richer, more detailed, multivocal, & more holistic analyses than any other method. 63 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

This exploratory case study examines the participation of Native American students in study abroad and institutional policies and practices that either impede or enhance participation. The study surveys all Native students enrolled at the American university that produces the most Native graduates with bachelor's degrees. Although Native students value the benefits of study abroad, the study finds that they face a unique confluence of factors that limit participation. The role of Native students' social networks (family, tribal members, friends, Native advisors) is found to be prominent in deliberations about participation. Social capital theory is employed for analysis of the findings.