Suchergebnisse

The authors thank the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for the provision of access to synchrotron radiation facilities and allocation of synchrotron radiation at the PM2-VEKMAG, BAMline, and UE46_PGM-1 beamlines of BESSY II at HZB as well as measurement time for magnetometry at HZB CoreLab for Quantum Materials. A. S. acknowledges personal funding from CALIPSOplus project (the Grant Agreement no. 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020). The financial support for the VEKMAG project and the PM2-VEKMAG beamline by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Nos. BMBF 05K10PC2, 05K10WR1, 05K10KE1) and by HZB is cordially acknowledged by all co-authors. Steffen Rudorff is acknowledged for technical support. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2. ; Modern design of superior multi-functional alloys composed of several principal components requires in-depth studies of their local structure for developing desired macroscopic properties. Herein, peculiarities of atomic arrangements on the local scale and electronic states of constituent elements in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)- and body-centered cubic (bcc)-structured high-entropy Alx-CrFeCoNi alloys (x = 0.3 and 3, respectively) are explored by element-specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy in hard and soft X-ray energy ranges. Simulations based on the reverse Monte Carlo approach allow to perform a simultaneous fit of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra recorded at K absorption edges of each 3d constituent and to reconstruct the local environment within the first coordination shells of absorbers with high precision. The revealed unimodal and bimodal distributions of all five elements are in agreement with structure-dependent magnetic properties of studied alloys probed by magnetometry. A degree of surface atoms oxidation uncovered by soft X-rays suggests different kinetics of oxide formation for each type of constituents and has to be taken into account. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism technique employed at L2.3 absorption edges of transition metals demonstrates reduced magnetic moments of 3d metal constituents in the sub-surface region of in situ cleaned fcc-structured Al0.3-CrFeCoNi compared to their bulk values. Extended to nanostructured versions of multicomponent alloys, such studies would bring new insights related to effects of high entropy mixing on low dimensions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s). --//-- This is the accepted version of the article: Smekhova, A., Kuzmin, A., Siemensmeyer, K. et al. Al-driven peculiarities of local coordination and magnetic properties in single-phase Alx-CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloys. Nano Res. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3704-5. Accepted manuscript's terms of use: https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms ; European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 739508; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 05K10KE1, 05K10PC2, 05K10WR1.

Sixty-eight authors present current knowledge about landscape-lake and landscape-stream relationships in four continents with a focus on improved understanding and management of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns and trends. The book includes chapters on (1) finding and interpreting pertinent non-GIS landscape data; (2) use of riverscapes for assessing and interpreting natural and anthropogenic limits on fish species; (3) landscape-lake interactions affecting fish species and lake-river resilience; (4) methods for improving landscape-aquatic survey designs and sampling methodologies; (5) landscape effects on stream habitat conditions; (6) use of hydrologic units or regions for partitioning biotic responses to landscape conditions; and (7) employing landscape variables in predictive conservation modeling.--

Low- and middle-income countries receive limited guidance from external entities about how to introduce vaccines. This is especially true for the Hepatitis E (HepE) vaccine, which is currently only commercially available in China. The aims of this qualitative study are to identify which attributes of the HepE disease and vaccine are considered important, and to compare desired promotion methods between different stakeholders. Stakeholders included experts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff, health care providers, and researchers), and nonexperts included members of high-risk populations, HepE cases, and vaccinees. Participants' thoughts were coded and broadly summarized. We contacted 63 persons—35 experts and 28 nonexperts. Safety and effectiveness (but not price) of the vaccine, along with severity of disease and transmission route of infection, were all listed as important attributes. Emphasizing the importance of sharing stories from cases, relying on personal experiences, staying away from statistical explanations, and using the government as a source of promotion were other points repeatedly raised by the participants. Qualitative interviews with experts and nonexperts has revealed that focusing on attributes of disease severity and susceptibility to infection, as well as vaccine safety and effectiveness within stories of cases, are preferred ways to promote the vaccine.

Low- and middle-income countries receive limited guidance from external entities about how to introduce vaccines. This is especially true for the Hepatitis E (HepE) vaccine, which is currently only commercially available in China. The aims of this qualitative study are to identify which attributes of the HepE disease and vaccine are considered important, and to compare desired promotion methods between different stakeholders. Stakeholders included experts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff, health care providers, and researchers), and nonexperts included members of high-risk populations, HepE cases, and vaccinees. Participants' thoughts were coded and broadly summarized. We contacted 63 persons—35 experts and 28 nonexperts. Safety and effectiveness (but not price) of the vaccine, along with severity of disease and transmission route of infection, were all listed as important attributes. Emphasizing the importance of sharing stories from cases, relying on personal experiences, staying away from statistical explanations, and using the government as a source of promotion were other points repeatedly raised by the participants. Qualitative interviews with experts and nonexperts has revealed that focusing on attributes of disease severity and susceptibility to infection, as well as vaccine safety and effectiveness within stories of cases, are preferred ways to promote the vaccine.

The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, a marker of hepatic injury, may differ between men and women. However, the sex-specific association in a military young population which has a low prevalence of MetS was unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional examination in 6738 men and 766 women, aged 18–50 years, from the cardiorespiratory fitness study in armed forces (CHIEF) in eastern Taiwan. The components of MetS were defined according to the updated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ethnic criteria for Asians. Elevated ALT levels were defined as ≥40 U/L for both sexes and ≥30 U/L for women alternatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the sex-specific association between MetS components and elevated ALT. The prevalence of MetS and elevated ALT in men were 11.9% and 12.7% respectively, and in women were 3.5%, and 3.8% respectively. In men, high-density lipoprotein < 40 mg/dL, blood pressures ≥ 130/85 mmHg, serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and waist size ≥ 90 cm were associated with elevated ALT (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.59 (1.34–1.90), 1.40 (1.19–1.65), 2.00 (1.68–2.39), and 1.68 (1.38–2.04); all p < 0.001); whereas in women, only fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL was associated with elevated ALT ≥ 40 U/L (OR: 7.59 (2.35–24.51), p = 0.001) and ALT ≥ 30 U/L (2.67 (0.89–7.95), p = 0.08). Our findings suggest that the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and elevated ALT may differ by sex, possibly due to the MetS more prevalent in young adult men than in women.