Suchergebnisse

Spain is the second highest rice-producing country in the European Union, with approximately 105,000 ha used to grow this crop. The major rice-producing regions in Spain are Andalusia, Extremadura, Catalonia, and Valencia, followed by Aragon and Navarre. The main soil texture throughout Spanish rice areas is silty clay loam, with alkaline soils (pH > 7.5)—except in the Extremadura area (pH = 5.5–6)—and a low organic matter content. Water quality in terms of salinity is acceptable, although in some coastal rice areas salinity issues occasionally appear to be a determining factor for high yield achievement. According to a survey carried out on farmers and technicians, the most problematic weeds found in rice crops today in Spain are Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis. Most of the currently authorized herbicides can be classified according to two modes of action: ALS-inhibiting and ACCase-inhibiting. Repeated field applications of herbicides with the same mode of action have resulted in the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. At present, resistance has been confirmed in different regions of Spain to ALS inhibitors in Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis, and to ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa spp. The mechanism of resistance in these species is a mutation in the target site of these herbicides. Several mutations have been found in the ALS gene, both in Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus difformis, distributed in the different rice-growing regions considered in this work. ACCase gene mutations have been mainly found in Leptochloa spp. individuals from Extremadura and Valencia. These different mutations have resulted in different patterns of cross-resistance to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. It is likely that the repeated use of these two modes of action in rice will result in the evolution of more resistant weed populations. The possible availability of new herbicides with alternative modes of action in a short space of time seems very limited, suggesting the need for a more appropriate use of the available alternative strategies (crop rotation, dry sowing, manual weeding, etc.). This work presents a review of the main characteristics of rice cultivation in Spain, emphasizing the current problems in this crop and the management of herbicide-resistant weeds. ; Published

© 2021 The Author(s). ; Protein-based hybrid nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising platforms to fabricate tailored multifunctional biologics for biotechnological and biomedical applications. This work shows a simple, modular, and versatile strategy to design custom protein hybrid nanomaterials. This approach combines for the first time the engineering of a therapeutic protein module with the engineering of a nanomaterial-stabilizing module within the same molecule, resulting in a multifunctional hybrid nanocomposite unachievable through conventional material synthesis methodologies. As the first proof of concept, a multifunctional system was designed ad hoc for the therapeutic intervention and monitoring of myocardial fibrosis. This hybrid nanomaterial combines a designed Hsp90 inhibitory domain and a metal nanocluster stabilizing module resulting in a biologic drug labelled with a metal nanocluster. The engineered nanomaterial actively reduced myocardial fibrosis and heart hypertrophy in an animal model of cardiac remodeling. In addition to the therapeutic effect, the metal nanocluster allowed for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo detection and imaging of the fibrotic disease under study. This study evidences the potential of combining protein engineering and protein-directed nanomaterial engineering approaches to design custom nanomaterials as theranostic tools, opening up unexplored routes to date for the next generation of advanced nanomaterials in medicine. ; This work was partially supported by the European Research Council ERC-CoG-648071-ProNANO and ERC-PoC-841063-NIMM; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (PID2019-111649RB-I00; RTI2018-095214-B-I00; BIO2016-77367-C2-1-R; and BIO2015-72124-EXP); the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008; RIS3-2019222005); and IDIVAL InnVal 17/22. C. S. C. thanks Gipuzkoa Foru Aldundia (Gipuzkoa Fellows program; grant number 2019-FELL-000018-01/62/2019) for financial support. E.L.-M. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the FPI grant (BES-2017-079646). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE). SXRF maps were acquired at the I18 beamline in the frame of the Diamond proposals SP20603.

Protein-based hybrid nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising platforms to fabricate tailored multifunctional biologics for biotechnological and biomedical applications. This work shows a simple, modular, and versatile strategy to design custom protein hybrid nanomaterials. This approach combines for the first time the engineering of a therapeutic protein module with the engineering of a nanomaterial-stabilizing module within the same molecule, resulting in a multifunctional hybrid nanocomposite unachievable through conventional material synthesis methodologies. As the first proof of concept, a multifunctional system was designed ad hoc for the therapeutic intervention and monitoring of myocardial fibrosis. This hybrid nanomaterial combines a designed Hsp90 inhibitory domain and a metal nanocluster stabilizing module resulting in a biologic drug labelled with a metal nanocluster. The engineered nanomaterial actively reduced myocardial fibrosis and heart hypertrophy in an animal model of cardiac remodeling. In addition to the therapeutic effect, the metal nanocluster allowed for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo detection and imaging of the fibrotic disease under study. This study evidences the potential of combining protein engineering and protein-directed nanomaterial engineering approaches to design custom nanomaterials as theranostic tools, opening up unexplored routes to date for the next generation of advanced nanomaterials in medicine. ; This work was partially supported by the European Research Council ERC-CoG-648071-ProNANO and ERC-PoC-841063- NIMM; Agencia Estatal de Investigaci´on, Spain (PID2019- 111649RB-I00; RTI2018-095214-B-I00; BIO2016-77367-C2-1-R; and BIO2015 72124-EXP); the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008; RIS3-2019222005); and IDIVAL InnVal 17/22. C.S. C. thanks Gipuzkoa Foru Aldundia (Gipuzkoa Fellows program; grant number 2019-FELL-000018-01/62/2019) for nancial support. E.L. M. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the FPI grant (BES-2017-079646). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE). SXRF maps were acquired at the I18 beamline in the frame of the Diamond proposals SP20603. We thank Dr Marco Moller, Dr J. Calvo, Dr Otaegui, and Dr Desire Di Silvio at CIC biomaGUNE for support with the acquisition of electron microscopy images, mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.

Protein-based materials are usually considered as insulators, although conductivity has been recently shown in proteins. This fact opens the door to develop new biocompatible conductive materials. While there are emerging efforts in this area, there is an open challenge related to the limited conductivity of protein-based systems. This work shows a novel approach to tune the charge transport properties of protein-based materials by using electron-dense AuNPs. Two strategies are combined in a unique way to generate the conductive solid films: (1) the controlled self-assembly of a protein building block; (2) the templating of AuNPs by the engineered building block. This bottom-up approach allows controlling the structure of the films and the distribution of the AuNPs within, leading to enhanced conductivity. This work illustrates a promising strategy for the development of effective hybrid protein-based bioelectrical materials ; This work was partially supported by the European Research Council ERC-CoG-648071-ProNANO, ERC-PoC-841063-NIMM, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (PID2019- 111649RB-I00; and MAT2017-88693-R), and the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008), E.L-M thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the FPI grant (BES-2017-079646). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE) and SEV-2016-0686 (IMDEA Nanociencia)

An overview of current Mexican legislation regarding soil restoration and updating needs is made through the analysis of three case studies located in the southeastern México: a) soil affected by spillage of congenital waters (Zone 1), b) soil contaminated by hydrocarbons (Zone 2) and, c) a site adjacent to urban infrastructure (Zone 3). It was performed a comparative analysis of the soils conditions in the short and long term after the anthropogenic impact and restoration process that were carried out in each studied location. It was found that important properties of the soils do not recover after the weathering process, for instance in Zone 1, DR and DA as well as %Po did not reach equivalent values to the control sample and the soil texture is different even after a long recovery period. For Zone 2, it was detected important variations in the concentration of Ca, Na and K in both the impacted and recovered soils which affect the growth of plantations. In Zone 3, there were found signif icative differences in DA, %Po; %L, %R, %MO and CEC parameters. The current normative considers general aspects, but does not contemplate the actual site situation, there is an information gap due to this, although it was observed achievement of physical and chemical properties for therecovery soil use in each site, it was also noticed that the evaluations do not consider if these properties can change over time due to weather conditions, therefore, they could influence the success of each restoration process in the long term. The information generated can be used to make decisions about government rescue programs for the primary sector or as a starting point in the implementation of Environmental Bases Lines (LBA) for the hydrocarbon sector. ; Se realizó una visión general de la legislación mexicana vigente en materia de restauración del suelo y de las necesidades de actualización a través del análisis de tres estudios de caso ubicados en el sureste de este país: a) suelo afectado por derrames de aguas congénitas (Zona 1), b) suelo contaminado por hidrocarburos (Zona 2) y c) un sitio adyacente a infraestructura urbana (Zona 3). Se realizó un análisis comparativo a corto y largo plazo de las condiciones de los suelos después del impacto antropogénico y elproceso de restauración que se llevó a cabo en cada caso de estudio. Se encontró que propiedades importantes de los suelos no se recuperaron después del proceso de intemperizado. Por ejemplo, en la Zona 1, DA, DR y %Po no alcanzaron valores equivalentes a los del suelo testigo aun después de un tiempo prolongado de recuperación. En la Zona 2, se detectaron variaciones importantes en las concentraciones de Ca, Na y K tanto en el suelo impactado como en el recuperado, lo cual afecta el crecimiento de plantaciones. En la Zona 3, se encontraron diferencias signif icativas en parámetros como: DA, %Po; %L, %R, %MO y CEC. Se encontró una brecha de información en la normativa actual que considera aspectos generales, pero no considera la situación real del sitio, aunque se observó el cambio de propiedades físicas y químicas para el uso de recuperación del suelo en cada sitio, también se observó que las evaluaciones no consideran si estas propiedades pueden cambiar con el tiempo debido a las condiciones climáticas y por lo tanto podrían influir en el éxito de cada proceso de restauración a largo plazo. La información generada puede ser utilizada para tomar decisiones sobre los programas de rescate del gobierno para el sector primario o como punto de partida en la implementación de Líneas Bases Ambientales del sector de hidrocarburos.

Plan Nacional de I+D+I co-funding FEDER [PI15/00892 and PI18/01527 to M.F.F. and A.F.F.; PI16/01318 and PI14/01244 to C.L.]; ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, and Plan ´ Nacional de I+D+I 2008–2011/FEDER [CP11/00131 to A.F.F.]; IUOPA (to G.F.B. and M.I.S.); Fundación Científica de la AECC (to R.G.U.); Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowships [FJCI-2015-26965 to J.R.T., IJCI-2015- 23316 to V.L.]; Fundación Ramón Areces (to M.F.F); ´ FICYT (to E.G.T., M.G.G., A.C.); Asturias Regional Government [GRUPIN14-052 to M.F.F.]; Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, PCTI-Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación co-funding Fondos FEDER (grant number IDI/2018/146 to M.F.F. and IDI/2018/144 to C.L.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF-SAF2013-43065 to P.M.]; Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer [AECC-CI-2015]; FERO Foundation, and the ISCIII [PI14-01191 to C.B.]; P.M. acknowledges financial support from The Obra Social La Caixa Fundación Josep Carreras and The Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR330). P.M. an investigator from the Spanish Cell Therapy cooperative network (TERCEL). The IUOPA is supported by the Obra Social Liberbank-Cajastur, Spain. Funding for open access charge: Plan Nacional de I+D+I co-funding FEDER [PI18/01527]. ; Urdinguio, R.G., Lopez, V., Bayón, G.F., Diaz De La Guardia, R., Sierra, M.I., García-Toraño, E., Perez, R.F., García, M.G., Carella, A., Pruneda, P.C., Prieto, C., Dmitrijeva, M., Santamarina, P., Belmonte, T., Mangas, C., Diaconu, E., Ferrero, C., Tejedor, J.R., Fernandez-Morera, J.L., Bravo, C., Bueno, C., Sanjuan-Pla, A., Rodriguez, R.M., Suarez-Alvarez, B., López-Larrea, C., Bernal, T., Colado, E., Balbín, M., García-Suarez, O., Chiara, M.D., Sáenz-De-Santa-María, I., Rodríguez, F., Pando-Sandoval, A., Rodrigo, L., Santos, L., Salas, A., Vallejo-Díaz, J., C Carrera, A., Rico, D., Hernández-López, I., Vayá, A., Ricart, J.M., Seto, E., Sima-Teruel, N., Vaquero, A., Valledor, L., Cañal, M.J., Pisano, D., ...

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between diet, animal performance and mucosal adherent gut microbiota (anterior intestine) in fish fed plant-based diets supplemented with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) with antioxidant and anti-obesogenic activity in obese rats. The feeding trial with juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) lasted 8 weeks. Fish were fed near to visual satiety with a fish meal (FM)/fish oil (FO) based diet (CTRL) or a plant-based diet with/without EWH supplementation. Specific growth rate decreased gradually from 2.16% in CTRL fish to 1.88% in EWH fish due to a reduced feed intake, and a slight impairment of feed conversion ratio. Plant-based diets feeding triggered a hyperplasic inflammation of the anterior intestine regardless of EWH supplementation. However, EWH ameliorated the goblet cell depletion, and the hepatic and intestinal lipid accumulation induced by FM/FO replacement. Illumina sequencing of gut mucosal microbiota yielded a mean of 136,252 reads per sample assigned to 2,117 OTUs at 97% identity threshold. The bacterial diversity was similar in all groups, but a significantly lower richness was found in EWH fish. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria reached the highest proportion in CTRL and EWH fish, whereas Firmicutes were decreased and Actinobacteria increased with the FM/FO replacement. The proportion of Actinobacteria was restored by dietary EWH supplementation, which also triggered a highest amount of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. At a closer look, a widespread presence of Lactobacillales among groups was found. Otherwise, polysaccharide hydrolases secretors represented by Corynebacterium and Nocardioides were increased by the FM/FO replacement, whereas the mucin-degrading Streptococcus was only raised in fish fed the plant-based diet without EWH. In addition, in EWH fish, a higher abundance of Propionibacterium was related to an increased concentration of intestinal propionate. The antagonism of gut health-promoting propionate with cholesterol could explain the inferred underrepresentation of primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid degradation pathways in the EWH fish microbiota. Altogether, these results reinforce the central role of gut microbiota in the regulation of host metabolism and lipid metabolism in particular, suggesting a role of the bioactive EWH peptides as an anti-obesity and/or satiety factor in fish. ; This work was supported by the EU H2020 Research Innovation Program under the TNA Program (project AE150009) at IATS-CSIC Research Infrastructure within AQUAEXCEL2020 Project (652831). This output reflects only the author's view and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Additional funding was obtained by a Spanish MICINN project (Bream-AquaINTECH and RTI2018–094128-B-I00). MCP was funded by a Ramón y Cajal Postdoctoral Research Fellowship [RYC2018-024049-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) and ACOND/2020 Generalitat Valenciana]. ; Peer reviewed

This work was supported by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (PROYE18061 FERN to M.F.F.), the Asturias Government (PCTI) cofunding 2018- 2022/FEDER (IDI/2018/146 to M.F.F.), Fundación General CSIC (0348_CIE_6_E to M.F.F.), and the Health Institute Carlos III (Plan Nacional de I þ DþI) cofunding FEDER (PI15/00892 and PI18/01527 to M.F.F and A.F.F.). They also acknowledge support from the Ramón Areces Foundation (CIVP18A3891 to P.J.F.M.), the AECC (SIRTBIO to P.J.F.M.), the MICINN (SAF2017-85766-R to P.J.F.M.), a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (MICINN, RYC-2017-22335 to P.J.F.M.), and the European Commission ATTRACT project (777222 to A.P.C.). J.R.T. is supported by a Juan de la Cierva fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJCI-2015-26965). R.F.P. and P.S.O. are supported by the Severo Ochoa program (BP17-114 and BP17-165, respectively). R.G.U. is supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (Health Institute Carlos III). L.V. was supported by the UAB Predoctoral training programme (PIF predoctoral fellowships). They also acknowledge support from the IMDEA Food Institute and IUOPA-ISPA-FINBA (the IUOPA is supported by the Obra Social Cajastur-Liberbank, Spain).