Suchergebnisse

The agricultural reform in the PRC can be divided into two major stages: the first from 1979 to 1984, and the second from 1985 to the present. The author traces the changes in agricultural organization; how the "individual farms" behaved economically in the first stage of the agricultural reform etc. The new problems associated with these changes are also analysed. (DÜI-Sen)

What is often described today as neo‐nationalism or nationalist populism today arguably looks like the old nationalism. What is emerging as genuinely new are the identity‐based nationalisms of the centre left, sometimes called "liberal nationalism" or "progressive patriotism." I offer my own contribution to the latter, which may be called "multicultural nationalism." I argue that multiculturalism is a mode of integration that does not just emphasise the centrality of minority group identities but argues that integration is incomplete without remaking national identity so that all can have a sense of belonging to it. This multiculturalist approach to national belonging has some relation to liberal nationalism. It, however, makes not just individual rights but minority accommodation a feature of acceptable nationalism. Moreover, accommodation here particularly includes ethno‐religious groups in ways that are difficult for radical regimes of secularism. For these reasons, multicultural nationalism unites the concerns of some of those currently sympathetic to majoritarian nationalism and those who are prodiversity and minority accommodationist in the way that liberal nationalism (with its emphasis on individualism and majoritarianism) does not. It therefore represents the political idea and tendency most likely to offer a feasible alternative rallying point to monocultural nationalism.

Many public services are produced by professional workers who deal with cases and clients on the basis of professional knowledge and skills. As groups of workers, they acquired autonomies to structure professional knowledge and skills and to regulate case treatment. During the previous years, professional work has changed. Most often, the "new public management" is seen as the main driver: Service provision is said to be managerialized to make services more efficient and effective. This article rejects this simple explanation and argues that public professional work is affected by much more than managerial reform. It presents an analytical framework for tracing broader societal forces that reconfigure professional work. Professionals are not merely managed and measured; professional work in public services might be (a) reorganized, (b) restratified, and (c) relocated. Increasingly fragmented and dependent professional fields might have to seek new forms of control and new understandings of public professionalism are required.

Official statistics show that in the year 2007, there were about 7,588 persons engaged in some sort of non-standard form of employment. Overall, there was a small increase between 2004 and 2007 in the number of such workers. The large majority of workers in Malta appear to prefer job security over flexibility. While there is little debate about non-standard form of employment in Malta, the interest in flexicurity among social partners has recently increased. ; peer-reviewed

Official statistics show that in the year 2007, there were about 7,588 persons engaged in some sort of non-standard form of employment. Overall, there was a small increase between 2004 and 2007 in the number of such workers. The large majority of workers in Malta appear to prefer job security over flexibility. While there is little debate about non-standard form of employment in Malta, the interest in flexicurity among social partners has recently increased. ; peer-reviewed

Im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie hat "New Work" besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Unter diesem Stichwort lässt sich eine grundsätzliche Debatte darüber führen, wie die Zukunft der Arbeit aussehen kann.

One of the officials in charge of drafting China's agricultural policies, Du Runsheng, divides the reform of her agricultural system into two major stages: the first from 1979 to 1984, and the second from 1985 to the present. In the first stage, China dismantled the people's communes, established an "individual farm" system, and scrapped many governmental controls. The tasks for the second stage, according to Du Runsheng, are the formation of markets for farm produce, rural money, rural labour, and for rural land "usage rights."

The aim of this Master's Thesis is to map out, what new and emerging technological advances are made in radio in Europe, what options are there, whether and how it is going to evolve and if this evolution may affect the listening experience and if it will, how. In addition to the technology itself, the technological process is an issue of both politics and economics. From the technological point of view, the study focuses in a limited set of the main new forms of radio in Europe: the digital radios, radio on the Internet and the hybrid radio formats. The predominant debate related to radio's technological process in Europe concerns the radio digitalisation project and whether digital radio format DAB (Digital audio broadcasting) will replace the analogue FM radio network. The theoretical framework of this study lies in the historical context of new mass media technologies and their diffusion to the society. The future of the radio as a broadcasting technology can be mirrored to its own history but also to several other broadcasting technologies and the socio-economical and political impacts of their introduction and diffusion to the mass media consumption. Also, recent studies and news articles concerning the current state of radio's technological process are an important part of creating a thorough image of how radio is evolving in each of the focus countries. The methodology of this study is a simplified version of the Delphi method commonly associated to the future studies: The study includes interviews with six experts from different European countries from specific different areas in order to cover all the necessary aspects radio's current state and possible futures. The focus countries represented in the study are the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, all with very different paths when it comes to the evolution of the radio. The findings of the study suggest that out of the six focus countries, five are all on their path to radio digitalisation. Norway is the first one to complete the shutdown of its FM network by the end of 2017. The Norwegian process is observed with anticipation by the countries still in earlier stages of the digitalisation. Finland is the only country within the group that has no plans when it comes to digital radio. The future of the radio in Europe is believed to be digital but also hybrid as internet- related services and features are introduced in various forms to the radio audiences. The Internet offers an additional service platform but, according to the experts interviewed, is not going to replace the traditional forms of radio. Whether the analogue radio will be completely replaced by the digital radio is still uncertain. It will however not happen before the 2030s.