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AbstractWhereas traditional criminological theories treat juvenile delinquency largely as a reactive and expressive behavior that only seldom leads to specialized criminal offending or a criminal career, this article proposes an alternative classification of offenses that accounts for the difference between youthful reactive conduct and specialized criminality. It examines the effect of immigration on delinquency among juvenile Russians in Israel. In contrast to previous work that has examined the criminogenic effect of immigration without differentiating specific types of delinquency, this study investigates the immigration effect on eclectic as well as specialized delinquency. Based on survey data from face‐to‐face interviews with 910 immigrant youths from the former Soviet Union in Israel, the study finds important results regarding the integration of juvenile immigrants in modern societies. In contrast to the assumption that assimilation in multicultural societies represents a safe way for social adaptation and to prevent specific kinds of violent behavior, the authors find empirical support for a more sophisticated approach. Furthermore, the results underline the importance in differentiating between distinct forms of violence.

Several scholars have called upon social identity theory to investigate the relationship between an American national identity and American public opinion on immigration. Lacking a uniform measure of American identity, by and large, scholars find that a two-dimensional conception of American identity influences these opinions. Our review suggests that the extant measures of American identity do not fully account for the various aspects of social identity theory. We capture more fully the different components of social identity theory. By doing so, we find that American identity has five dimensions. Therefore, in this analysis, we advance a more comprehensive measure of American identity. Analyzing data from the 2004–2005 National Politics Survey, we confirm that all five dimensions of American identity lead to opposition to legal immigration and a preference for spending increases to combat illegal immigration.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- How ethics, morality and identity are treated in this book -- 1 Evolutionary motivations towards pro-social moral norms -- Recognising the evolutionary value of social interdependence -- 2 The social brain and moral self-identity -- Natural selection by morality in animals and humans -- Situation and human social groups -- Reading the situation: an evolved pre-requisite of morality -- Antecedents of the subjective evaluation of dilemmas -- Feeling and thinking about moral dilemmas -- Self-identity and the moral evaluation of situation -- 3 Situation and transformation in the resolution of social dilemmas -- The intrapersonal 'we' in collective behaviour -- Towards strongly reciprocal behaviour -- The 'interdependence situation' framework -- Subjective values for an 'outcome matrix' -- The transformation of the dyadic interdependence situation -- Intra-group situation and perceived interdependence -- Interdependence theory as a theory of optimal distinctiveness -- Inherited heuristics enhancing the value of pro-social outcomes -- Social structure and the interdependence situation -- From cooperative to pro-social outcomes -- The everyday events and the conditions of optimal interdependence -- Situational triggers of biological disposition in the perception of affordances -- Enlarging the analytical model of the symbiosis of interdependence-distinctiveness and social dilemmas -- 4 Intrapersonal identity positivity -- Positive identity: causes and outcomes -- 5 Positive social identity -- Motivations of the individual: the interdependence of social and individual identity -- Transformation: the ethics of an accessible moral and positive identity