Suchergebnisse

Botnets, the remotely controlled networks of computers with malicious aims, have significantly affected the international order from Ukraine to the United States in recent years. Disruptive software, such as malware, ransomware, and disruptive services, provided by those botnets has many specific effects and properties. Therefore, it is paramount to improve the defences against them. To tackle botnets more or less successfully, one should analyse their code, communication, kill chain, and similar technical properties. However, according to the Business Model for Information Security, besides technological attributes, there is also a human and organisational aspect to their capabilities and behaviour. This paper aims to identify the aspects of different attacks and present an analysis framework to identify botnets' technological and human attributes. After researching the literature and evaluating our previous findings in this research project, we formed a unified framework for the human-organisational classification of botnets. We tested the defined framework on five botnet attacks, presenting them as case studies. The chosen botnets were ElectrumDoSMiner, Emotet, Gamover Zeus, Mirai, and VPNFilter. The focus of the comparison was motivation, the applied business model, willingness to cooperate, capabilities, and the attack source. For defending entities, reaching the target state of defending capabilities is impossible with a one-time development due to cyberspace's dynamic behaviour and botnets. Therefore, one has to develop cyberdefence and conduct threat intelligence on botnets using such methodology as that presented in this paper. This framework comprises people and technological attributes according to the BMIS model, providing the defender with a standard way of classification.

Underlying current controversies about environmental regulation are shared concerns, divided interests and different ways of thinking about the earth and our proper relationship to it. This book brings together writings on nature and environment that illuminate thought and action in this realm.

Background  This paper focuses on the transition to supported employment for people with intellectual disabilities paying particular attention to the impact of job breakdown on psychological well‐being; an issue often omitted from studies.Materials and Methods  Forty‐nine people with intellectual disabilities were interviewed within 3 months of entering supported employment and 9–12 months later. Data collection involved in‐depth interviews with people with intellectual disabilities, their carers and employers and completion of a self‐report measure of depression and anxiety (an adapted form of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and a self‐report measure of quality of life (the ComQol).Results  By time of the follow‐up interviews, 13 of the 49 jobs had broken down. Analysis of scores measuring quality of life, anxiety and depression showed no effect for loss of employment. However, interviews with participants indicated that job loss had a considerable impact on those affected.Conclusions  There were a wide range of reasons for job breakdown, many of which were particular to the circumstances of people with intellectual disabilities. Although job breakdown does not have an impact of anxiety or depression many participants found job loss traumatic.

AbstractThis paper uses panel data drawn from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to provide new evidence of the links between unemployment, wages, job security, financial security and workers' well‐being for workers in flexible employment. Our findings indicate that workers in flexible employment encounter more unemployment and experience increased job insecurity; unemployment is associated with wage penalties. Lower wages, job insecurity and financial insecurity affect well‐being. However, these negative outcomes are mitigated by longer job tenure. Our results have implications for moves towards a flexicurity model of employment

This case study explores the challenges encountered in undertaking a qualitative study of Brisbane residents who experienced the 2011 flood. The case study provides an overview of the research design and then steps the reader through a variety of theoretical considerations and logistical issues encountered by the author in the process of completing the research. The case study provides a reflection on the experience of translating research ethics to practice, when the consideration of ethics literature ceases to be about getting an ethics approval and becomes the tools to navigate your personal interaction with your subjects. The case touches on the emotional impact on the researcher of conducting research and how reflective practice is a critical tool to inform ethical behavior. Finally, the case study presents the autho?s personal observations about how to balance the process of researching against concerns of exploiting subjects, finding that empathy and empathetic practice provide a bridge between ethics in the abstract and the practice of interviewing real people.

AbstractI examine the relation between threats to human capital and corporate financial policy using morbidity and mortality data related to infectious diseases. I observe a strong association between deteriorating health and declines in leverage, which seems to be influenced by increasing human capital costs offsetting debt benefits. Firms consider reducing debt as a strategic response to perceived employee valuation of human capital insurance, which tends to be affected by a disease‐induced rise in human capital costs. This association appears more pronounced in technology firms, distressed firms, and labor‐intensive firms, and during higher disease‐induced labor uncertainty, with some moderation by labor unions.

Military service is an important vehicle through which young Americans invest in their human capital. Using internal military data, we show that county-level exposure to U.S. combat casualties during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars decreased the supply of new soldiers in that county, and changed the observable characteristics of soldiers who enlisted in that county. Using data from the American Community Survey, we find that exposure to casualties at a young age (17-18) increases the probability of dropping out from high school, and decreases the probability of attaining a college degree. The results suggest that increasing access to higher education and skill training positively impacts the human capital investments of marginal students.

".an ad hoc Interagency Working Group on Climate Change and Health (IWGCCH) assembled to develop a white paper on relevant federal research and science needs, including research on mitigation and adaptation strategies. Examples of mitigation and adaptation research needs are identified, but a comprehensive discussion of these issues is not included. These research and science needs broadly include basic and applied science, technological innovations and capacities, public health infrastructure, and communication and education. Consideration is also given to the potential structure of a federal climate change and health research agenda and the use of scientific research results for applications and decision making. The purpose of this paper is to identify research critical for understanding the impact of climate change on human health so that we can both mitigate and adapt to the environmental effects of climate change in the healthiest and most efficient ways. Although the group recognizes the global nature of climate change's impacts on human health, the primary focus of this paper is on the situation in the United States." - p. v ; Working Group -- Executive summary -- Introduction -- Crosscutting issues for climate change and health -- Asthma, respiratory allergies, and airway diseases -- Cancer -- Cardiovascular disease and stroke -- Foodborne diseases and nutrition -- Heat-related morbidity and mortality -- Human developmental effects -- Mental health and stress-related disorders -- Neurological diseases and disorders -- Vectorborne and zoonotic diseases -- Waterborne diseases -- Weather-related morbidity and mortality -- Synthesis and recommendations -- Summary statement ; the Interagency Working Group on Climate Change and Health (IWGCCH). ; "The Interagency Working Group on Climate Change and Health (iWGCCH) is an ad hoc group formed by participating federal agencies and organizations at the invitation of the National institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) following the January 2009 'Workshop on a Research Agenda for Managing the Health Risks of Climate Change,' sponsored by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, research, and medicine. This report identifies gaps in knowledge of the consequences for human health of climate change, and suggests research to address them. The content, views, and perspectives presented in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the official views, policies, or implied endorsement of any of the individual participating federal agencies or organizations." - t.p. ; Published by Environmental Health Perspectives and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. ; Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 23, 2010). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-70).