Suchergebnisse

Conference given in may 2012 at the university of Alberta (Canada) Media in minority contexts ; Never before has "cultural diversity" been such popular topic, not just among international institutions, but also in the field of cultural industries or for the defenders of world cultures. According to Armand Mattelart, who analysed the genesis of "Cultural diversity", it has become a real hotchpotch with, as time goes by, a loss of its meaning and heuristic scope, thus making it difficult to understand the main issues at stake when dealing with the relationships between cultural matters, public policies and economy. [Mattelart, 2005] "Cultural diversity" includes "language diversity" which is similarly subjected to contradictory and paradoxical discourses. Indeed, as linguistic minorities and researchers already know, the variety of the languages spoken in the world is declining [Crystal, 2000; Hagège, 2000; Moseley, 2010]. The hegemony of two or three international languages (above all the Anglo-Saxon/varieties of English) leading to a language market [Calvet, 2002]; the globalization of media and cultural industries; economic exchanges; and, population flows due to mass tourism and migrations, are some of the majors factors that contribute to marginalizing linguistic idiosyncrasies. These main trends keep on developing and therefore threaten language diversity, all the more so when minority languages are only spoken within the scope of the private sphere and kept away from media, education, justice and administration. At the dawn of the XXI° century, the awareness that language diversity is a precious heritage is grudgingly be faced by many State authorities throughout the world in planning linguistic policies for minorities. Even though many countries signed the international conventions promoted by the ILO (International Labour organization), UNESCO or the European Union, and sometimes supported these decisions through constitutional changes, concrete measures to promote and foster minority languages usually go ...

Conference given in may 2012 at the university of Alberta (Canada) Media in minority contexts ; Never before has "cultural diversity" been such popular topic, not just among international institutions, but also in the field of cultural industries or for the defenders of world cultures. According to Armand Mattelart, who analysed the genesis of "Cultural diversity", it has become a real hotchpotch with, as time goes by, a loss of its meaning and heuristic scope, thus making it difficult to understand the main issues at stake when dealing with the relationships between cultural matters, public policies and economy. [Mattelart, 2005] "Cultural diversity" includes "language diversity" which is similarly subjected to contradictory and paradoxical discourses. Indeed, as linguistic minorities and researchers already know, the variety of the languages spoken in the world is declining [Crystal, 2000; Hagège, 2000; Moseley, 2010]. The hegemony of two or three international languages (above all the Anglo-Saxon/varieties of English) leading to a language market [Calvet, 2002]; the globalization of media and cultural industries; economic exchanges; and, population flows due to mass tourism and migrations, are some of the majors factors that contribute to marginalizing linguistic idiosyncrasies. These main trends keep on developing and therefore threaten language diversity, all the more so when minority languages are only spoken within the scope of the private sphere and kept away from media, education, justice and administration. At the dawn of the XXI° century, the awareness that language diversity is a precious heritage is grudgingly be faced by many State authorities throughout the world in planning linguistic policies for minorities. Even though many countries signed the international conventions promoted by the ILO (International Labour organization), UNESCO or the European Union, and sometimes supported these decisions through constitutional changes, concrete measures to promote and foster minority languages usually go ...

The transnational communities, or in other terms, the migrant communities whowent to the US and the UK, or to any other European states had strong belief intheir religion in which they might not be contaminated by the secular ideology inthe Western countries. In this respect, the phenomenology of religion in internationalrelations is a relatively new and surprising. Accordingly, this paper aims atinvestigating the implications of the emergence of trans-national religious groupsfor international relations. The paper will argue that the rise of trans-nationalreligious groups has produced a profound impact on international relations. Thefactors that influenced this transformation in international relations is the contemporaryprocesses of globalization which scholars argue, are pivotal to bringingreligion to the centre stage of international relations. In order to deepen theunderstanding of this process, two case scenarios will be analyzed, namely, theSikh Diasporas and the imagined Islamic community, the umma. In this paper, ithas been argued that the rise of trans-national religious actors may affect statesovereignty in one way or another. Under secular ideology, the role of religion ismarginalized from the public sphere, in particular, the domain of politics and religion is being obviously separated. This separation, according to both groups,is problematic. It is therefore, the emergence of Islamic and Sikh communities isconsidered by some liberal democratic countries like India as a peril to its statesovereignty. In Islamic doctrines, the Muslims hold a principle in din wa dawla,the unity of state and religion, while in Sikhism, the Sikhs have to trust miri andpiri, the unification of religious and political institution.Masyarakat transnasional atau dalam terma lain disebut juga sebagai masyarakatmigran yang menetap di Amerika dan Inggris, atau ke negara-negara Eropalainnya memiliki keyakinan yang kuat terhadap agama mereka dan tidakterkontaminasi oleh ideologi sekuler Barat. Pada konteks ini, fenomenologi ...

The editors and contributors have formed this collection to honor Louis Henkin in his 80th year. He has contributed greatly to the fields of international and constitutional law, to teaching and scholarship, to the international community and to each of the contributors and editors personally. They wanted to acknowledge his outstanding work and they wanted to inspire the next generation of international lawyers by highlighting the impact of Henkin's contribution to international and constitutional scholarship. The editors believe the essays in this collection demonstrate tangibly what can be accomplished by a great and committed mind. The international community profits greatly from his commitment. As will be clear from the list of authors, the topics are dealt with in an outstanding manner; quality needs no praise